16种常用园林植物VOCs成分研究及AHP评价
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摘要
为了摸清杭州地区主要园林植物释放的VOCs的成分和含量及其季节动态变化，为园林绿化提供科学的依据，本研究采用动态顶空采集法和热脱附-气质联用（TDS-GC-MS）技术对杭州地区16种主要的园林植物释放的VOCs的成分和含量及其季节动态变化、不同群落空气VOCs的成分和含量进行了测定，利用层次分析法（AHP）建立了植物及群落的综合评价体系，得到以下结论：
1.以3种乔木、4种灌木及3种草本植物的花和3种乔木及6种灌木植物的叶片为试材，分析了近自然状态下VOCs的成分和含量。植物所释放的VOCs是由多种有机化合物组成的混合物，不同植物及植物的不同器官的VOCs存在着较大的差异。其中植物的花主要释放萜烯类、醛类和酯类化合物，如α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、壬醛和乙酸-3-己烯酯等化合物；叶片主要释放萜烯类、酯类和醇类化合物，如β-蒎烯、乙酸-3-己烯酯、3,7-二甲基-1-辛醇等，其中乙酸-3-己烯酯含量较高。
2.分析了3种乔木和6种灌木植物的叶片释放VOCs的季节动态变化，由于环境因子的变化，植物的VOCs出现季节性的变化。除苦槠以外，其他植物均是春秋季节释放量较大。
3.对4个植物群落环境中VOCs组成和含量进行比较，以草本花卉为主的环境中，主要是芳香族化合物和脂肪烃，萜类化合物含量较低，随着群落植物的丰富，乔灌草相结合的植物群落环境中，芳香族化合物和脂肪烃含量下降，萜类化合物含量升高，占总量的44.58%。
4.从植物VOCs角度出发，利用AHP法对杭州地区12种常见园林植物及4个植物群落进行了评价。单株植物评分排序为苦槠＞无刺枸骨>孔雀草>龟甲冬青>木莲>矮牵牛>瓜子黄杨>鸡冠花>红花檵木>石楠>金叶女贞>八角金盘，4种植物群落评价结果排序如为乔灌草>乔木>绿篱>草本花卉，说明植物群落结构越复杂，对环境的净化能力越强。
In order to elaborate the main volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the landscape plantsand their variations in different seasons, the results could provide a reference for the landscapedistribution. We collected the VOCs from16common landscape trees and different plantcommunities using the dynamic headspace air-circulation method, identified the main compoundsof VOCs with thermal-desorption cold trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrum (TDS/GC/MS).Plant and plant community evaluated pattern is established with Analytic Hierarchy Progress(AHP) method. The results were as follows:
1. The compositions and content of VOCs from the flowers of3arbors,4shrubs and3herbsand the leaves of3arbors and6bushes under the natural state were analyzed. The VOCs of plantsis a mixture of several organic compounds, differences in plants and organs make the differencesin the composition of VOCs. The flowers of plant mainly release terpenes, aldehyde, and ester,such as α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Nonanal and3-Hexenyl-1-Acetate. Leaves mainly release terpenes,esters and alcohol, such as β-Pinene,3-Hexenyl-1-Acetate, which accounts for a high proportion,and3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol.
2.The seasonal variation of VOCs from leaves of3arbors and6bushes were analyzed. Theirrelease and variability depend on the season of their releasers, as well as the environmentalconditions. Plants release more VOCs in spring and autumn except Castanopsis sclerophylla.
3. The compositions and content of air VOCs in four plant communities were analyzed. In theVOCs of herb flowers sampled in the air over plants, most are aromatic compounds and aliphatichydrocarbon compounds, while terpenoids content is low. With the abundance of plantcommunities, in air of the tree and shrub and grass combination communities, aromaticcompounds and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds reduced, terpenoids content increased,accounting for44.58%of the total.
4.12common landscape plants and4plant communities were evaluated using AHP methodfrom the attitude of plant VOCs in Hang Zhou. Results were as follows, Individual plants:astanopsis sclerophylla＞Iles cornuta var. fortune>Ilex crenata cv. Convexa>Manglietiafordiana>Tagetespatula L>Buxus sinica>Ligustrum quihoui var. aureaphylla>LoropetalumChinese Var. rubrum>Photinia serrulata>Fatsia japonica>Petunia hybrida Vilm>CockscombFlower, plant communities: tree and shrub and grass combination communities> arborcommunities> shrub communities>herb communities. That is, the more complex, the more abilityfor the environmental purification of plant communities.
1.以3种乔木、4种灌木及3种草本植物的花和3种乔木及6种灌木植物的叶片为试材，分析了近自然状态下VOCs的成分和含量。植物所释放的VOCs是由多种有机化合物组成的混合物，不同植物及植物的不同器官的VOCs存在着较大的差异。其中植物的花主要释放萜烯类、醛类和酯类化合物，如α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、壬醛和乙酸-3-己烯酯等化合物；叶片主要释放萜烯类、酯类和醇类化合物，如β-蒎烯、乙酸-3-己烯酯、3,7-二甲基-1-辛醇等，其中乙酸-3-己烯酯含量较高。
2.分析了3种乔木和6种灌木植物的叶片释放VOCs的季节动态变化，由于环境因子的变化，植物的VOCs出现季节性的变化。除苦槠以外，其他植物均是春秋季节释放量较大。
3.对4个植物群落环境中VOCs组成和含量进行比较，以草本花卉为主的环境中，主要是芳香族化合物和脂肪烃，萜类化合物含量较低，随着群落植物的丰富，乔灌草相结合的植物群落环境中，芳香族化合物和脂肪烃含量下降，萜类化合物含量升高，占总量的44.58%。
4.从植物VOCs角度出发，利用AHP法对杭州地区12种常见园林植物及4个植物群落进行了评价。单株植物评分排序为苦槠＞无刺枸骨>孔雀草>龟甲冬青>木莲>矮牵牛>瓜子黄杨>鸡冠花>红花檵木>石楠>金叶女贞>八角金盘，4种植物群落评价结果排序如为乔灌草>乔木>绿篱>草本花卉，说明植物群落结构越复杂，对环境的净化能力越强。
In order to elaborate the main volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the landscape plantsand their variations in different seasons, the results could provide a reference for the landscapedistribution. We collected the VOCs from16common landscape trees and different plantcommunities using the dynamic headspace air-circulation method, identified the main compoundsof VOCs with thermal-desorption cold trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrum (TDS/GC/MS).Plant and plant community evaluated pattern is established with Analytic Hierarchy Progress(AHP) method. The results were as follows:
1. The compositions and content of VOCs from the flowers of3arbors,4shrubs and3herbsand the leaves of3arbors and6bushes under the natural state were analyzed. The VOCs of plantsis a mixture of several organic compounds, differences in plants and organs make the differencesin the composition of VOCs. The flowers of plant mainly release terpenes, aldehyde, and ester,such as α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Nonanal and3-Hexenyl-1-Acetate. Leaves mainly release terpenes,esters and alcohol, such as β-Pinene,3-Hexenyl-1-Acetate, which accounts for a high proportion,and3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol.
2.The seasonal variation of VOCs from leaves of3arbors and6bushes were analyzed. Theirrelease and variability depend on the season of their releasers, as well as the environmentalconditions. Plants release more VOCs in spring and autumn except Castanopsis sclerophylla.
3. The compositions and content of air VOCs in four plant communities were analyzed. In theVOCs of herb flowers sampled in the air over plants, most are aromatic compounds and aliphatichydrocarbon compounds, while terpenoids content is low. With the abundance of plantcommunities, in air of the tree and shrub and grass combination communities, aromaticcompounds and aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds reduced, terpenoids content increased,accounting for44.58%of the total.
4.12common landscape plants and4plant communities were evaluated using AHP methodfrom the attitude of plant VOCs in Hang Zhou. Results were as follows, Individual plants:astanopsis sclerophylla＞Iles cornuta var. fortune>Ilex crenata cv. Convexa>Manglietiafordiana>Tagetespatula L>Buxus sinica>Ligustrum quihoui var. aureaphylla>LoropetalumChinese Var. rubrum>Photinia serrulata>Fatsia japonica>Petunia hybrida Vilm>CockscombFlower, plant communities: tree and shrub and grass combination communities> arborcommunities> shrub communities>herb communities. That is, the more complex, the more abilityfor the environmental purification of plant communities.
引文
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