高温超导接收机前端子系统的研究
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摘要
随着现代通信业的不断发展,对通信接收机提出了新的要求和挑战。为了适应新的发展需求,高温超导接收机应运而生,并且得到了不断的发展。高温超导接收机可以很好的解决移动通信存在的一系列问题,可以增加移动通信的基站容量,扩大基站覆盖率,改善通话质量,降低掉线率,降低手机辐射。
本文首先介绍了超导的基本理论和高温超导接收机的发展现状,详细叙述了由高温超导滤波器、低温低噪声放大器及制冷系统三部分组成的高温超导接收机前端子系统的工作原理。然后介绍了对各部分器件的设计制作过程,最后对整个系统进行了测试,并给出了相应的结果分析。
本文在对高温超导滤波器的设计中,使用了全波电磁仿真软件IE3D。所设计的滤波器工作在UHF频段,为了对滤波器实现小型化设计,滤波器采用三节阶跃谐振器(Tri-section SIR)结构,并采用了多次曲折微带线的方法,同时具有了较好的带外抑制。在设计UHF频段的低温低噪声放大器时,使用了ADS设计软件。为了使放大器在低温下稳定工作,选用HEMT器件作为管芯。在放大器的设计中,引入了无耗网络的负反馈技术和负载阻性反馈网络,使器件在频带内稳定工作且具有良好的噪声与驻波性能。整个设计中,由于使用了高频电路电磁仿真软件,使得设计的效率和准确性都大大得以提高。
整个子系统在77K温度下工作,测试结果基本满足要求。
With the development of the modern communication, new challeges and requirements are put forword for normal receiver, that is the reason there coming the high temperature superconductor (HTSC) receiver.HTSC reciever can solve a series of problems existing in mobile communication, increase the capacity of base station in mobile communication, expand the coverage rate of base station, improve the conversation quality, reduce the rate of offline, reduce the radiation of mobile phone.
In this paper, some basic property of HTSC and recent development of HTSC technology is first introduced, and the principle of component for the frond-end subsystem of HTSC receiver is given.This subsystem is composed of the HTSC filter and the cryogenic low noise amplifier and the cooler.Then, the components of th subsystem are designed and manufactured at UHF frequence.Finally, the test result and analyse is shown.
In the design of HTSC filter, IE3D is used, which is a full-wave solver. In order to meet the demand for smaller capacity and high rejection in upper-sidebands, the Tri-section step impedance resonator (SIR) and the zigzag line structures have been used as the construction of the resonator in the filter. With the collaboration of ADS (Advanced design system), this paper has designed and manufactured a cryogenic LNA (Low noise amplifier) working at UHF frequence.In order to work stably at low temperature, HEMT and feedback technology for the amplifier is used.In the whole design,the simulation softwares improve the efficiency and the veracity.
The front-end sub-system is tested in the temperature of 77K by the cooler,the result of testing basically fulfilled the requirement.
本文首先介绍了超导的基本理论和高温超导接收机的发展现状,详细叙述了由高温超导滤波器、低温低噪声放大器及制冷系统三部分组成的高温超导接收机前端子系统的工作原理。然后介绍了对各部分器件的设计制作过程,最后对整个系统进行了测试,并给出了相应的结果分析。
本文在对高温超导滤波器的设计中,使用了全波电磁仿真软件IE3D。所设计的滤波器工作在UHF频段,为了对滤波器实现小型化设计,滤波器采用三节阶跃谐振器(Tri-section SIR)结构,并采用了多次曲折微带线的方法,同时具有了较好的带外抑制。在设计UHF频段的低温低噪声放大器时,使用了ADS设计软件。为了使放大器在低温下稳定工作,选用HEMT器件作为管芯。在放大器的设计中,引入了无耗网络的负反馈技术和负载阻性反馈网络,使器件在频带内稳定工作且具有良好的噪声与驻波性能。整个设计中,由于使用了高频电路电磁仿真软件,使得设计的效率和准确性都大大得以提高。
整个子系统在77K温度下工作,测试结果基本满足要求。
With the development of the modern communication, new challeges and requirements are put forword for normal receiver, that is the reason there coming the high temperature superconductor (HTSC) receiver.HTSC reciever can solve a series of problems existing in mobile communication, increase the capacity of base station in mobile communication, expand the coverage rate of base station, improve the conversation quality, reduce the rate of offline, reduce the radiation of mobile phone.
In this paper, some basic property of HTSC and recent development of HTSC technology is first introduced, and the principle of component for the frond-end subsystem of HTSC receiver is given.This subsystem is composed of the HTSC filter and the cryogenic low noise amplifier and the cooler.Then, the components of th subsystem are designed and manufactured at UHF frequence.Finally, the test result and analyse is shown.
In the design of HTSC filter, IE3D is used, which is a full-wave solver. In order to meet the demand for smaller capacity and high rejection in upper-sidebands, the Tri-section step impedance resonator (SIR) and the zigzag line structures have been used as the construction of the resonator in the filter. With the collaboration of ADS (Advanced design system), this paper has designed and manufactured a cryogenic LNA (Low noise amplifier) working at UHF frequence.In order to work stably at low temperature, HEMT and feedback technology for the amplifier is used.In the whole design,the simulation softwares improve the efficiency and the veracity.
The front-end sub-system is tested in the temperature of 77K by the cooler,the result of testing basically fulfilled the requirement.
引文
[1]沈致远著.高温超导微波电路.盛克敏,王素玉译.北京:国防工业出版社,2000
[2]李言荣,恽正中.材料物理学概论.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.56-60
[3] Wu.M.K.,J.R.Ashburn,C.J.Torng, et al.Superconductivity at 93K in a New Mixed-phase Y-Ba-Cu-O Compound System at Ambient Pressure. Phys.Rev.Lett.,1987.Vol.58:908-908
[4] Sheng,Z.Z.,A.M.Hermann.Bulk Superconductivity at 120K in the Tl-Ca/Ba-Cu-O System.Nature.,1988.Vol.332:138-139
[5] Chu,C.W.,L.Cao,F.Chen, et al. Superconductivity Above 150K in HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+ at High Presures.,1993.Vol.365:323-325
[6] Meissner, W. and R. Ochsenfeld. Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 21. 1933, pp.787-788
[7] London, F. and H.London. The electronmagnetic wquations of the supraconductor, Proc. Roy.Soc. (London), Vol. A-149. 1935, pp. 71-88.
[8]张裕恒.超导物理.中国科学技术大学出版社,1983.5-8
[9] M.Nisenoff,J.C.Ritter,G.Price,S.A.Wolf.The High Temperature Superconductivity Space Experiment:HTSSE I Components and HTSSE II Subsystems and Advanced Devices.IEEE
[10]何豫生,黎红,何艾生,等.适用于GSM1800移动通信基站前端的高温超导滤波器和子系统原理性样机.中国科学.2002.Vol.32:479-484
[11]何文俊,曹必松.移动通信GSM900系统用高温超导滤波器设计与测试.中国科学技术大学出版社,2003.22-25
[12]黄席椿.滤波器综合设计原理.人民邮电出版社,1977.3-8,12-19,30-71
[13]甘本祓,吴万春.现代微波滤波器的结构与设计.科学出版社,1973.10-15,21-26,42-46
[14] D.E.约翰森.滤波器理论导论.北京:人民邮电出版社,1981.12-14
[15]清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路.北京:人民邮电出版社,1975.5-8,11-17,45-51
[16] Jia-Sheng Hong. Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications. New York:A Wiley-Interscience Publicatio,2001
[17]闫敦豹,袁乃昌.PBG结构缺陷的谐振特性研究.微波学报.2003.Vol.19:29-33
[18] C.G.Montgomery, R.H.Dicke, E.M.Prucell.Principle of Microwave Circuits. New York:McGraw-Hill,1948,ch.4
[19] Lin, Xue Ming; Chu, Qing Xin. Design of Triple-band Bandpass Filter Using Tri-section Stepped-Impedance Resonators[J].IEEE Trans.Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2007. ICMMT '07. International Conference on 18-21 April 2007 Page(s):1-3.
[20]赫崇骏,韩永宁.微波电路.国防科技大学出版社,1999
[21]顾其诤,项家桢,袁孝康.微波集成电路的设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1978
[22]陈天麒.微波低噪声晶体管放大器.北京:人民邮电出版社,1983
[23] Guillermo Gonzalez. Microwave Transistor Amplifiers Analysis and Design.白晓东译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[24] Reinhold ludwing, Pavel Bretchko.射频电路设计—理论与应用.电子工业出版社,2002. 132-141
[25]台湾科技大学.绝热和热传材料之技术手册.台湾科技大学出版社,1998.8-12
[26]羊恺,补世荣,张其劭,等.高温超导小型化多曲折线滤波器研制.科学通报.2002.Vol.47:1378-1380
[27]唐汉,微波原理,南京大学出版社,1990
[28]王昕,王凡,高葆薪,等.场效应器件低温特性与低噪声放大器.低温物理学报,2005,Vol.27:159-164
[29]刘彤;沈连丰;叶芝慧.WPAN系统中LNA设计的串联反馈仿真优化法.电路与系统学报, 2003,Vol.08: 34-36
[30] Ko B K, Lee K. A comparative study on the various monolithic low noise amplifier circuit topologies for RF and microwave applications [J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1996, 31(8): 1220-1225
[31] eon Y J, Jeon M Y, Kim J M, et al. Monolithic feedback low noise X-band amplifiers using 0.5-ìm GaAs MESFETs: comparative theoretical study and experimental characterization [J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1998, 33(2): 275-279
[32] Henkes,D.Dales. LNA Design Uses Series Feedback to Achieve Simultaneous Low Input VSWR and Low Noise. Applied Microwave and Wireless,1998.Vol.10:26-32
[33]王国彬,张晓平,魏斌,曹必松.超导接收机中低射频低温低噪声放大器的研制.电子技术应用.2007.Vol.27:113-116
[34] R.L.Barns and R.A.Laudise. Stability of superconducting YBCO in the presence of water.Appl.Phys.Lett.1987,51(17):1373-1375
[35] M.F.Yan,R.L.Sarns,H.M.Bryan,Jr.P.K.Gallagher,R.C.Sherwood,and S.Jin.Water interaction with the superconducting YBCO phase.Appl.Phys.Lett.1987,51(7):532-534
[2]李言荣,恽正中.材料物理学概论.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.56-60
[3] Wu.M.K.,J.R.Ashburn,C.J.Torng, et al.Superconductivity at 93K in a New Mixed-phase Y-Ba-Cu-O Compound System at Ambient Pressure. Phys.Rev.Lett.,1987.Vol.58:908-908
[4] Sheng,Z.Z.,A.M.Hermann.Bulk Superconductivity at 120K in the Tl-Ca/Ba-Cu-O System.Nature.,1988.Vol.332:138-139
[5] Chu,C.W.,L.Cao,F.Chen, et al. Superconductivity Above 150K in HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+ at High Presures.,1993.Vol.365:323-325
[6] Meissner, W. and R. Ochsenfeld. Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 21. 1933, pp.787-788
[7] London, F. and H.London. The electronmagnetic wquations of the supraconductor, Proc. Roy.Soc. (London), Vol. A-149. 1935, pp. 71-88.
[8]张裕恒.超导物理.中国科学技术大学出版社,1983.5-8
[9] M.Nisenoff,J.C.Ritter,G.Price,S.A.Wolf.The High Temperature Superconductivity Space Experiment:HTSSE I Components and HTSSE II Subsystems and Advanced Devices.IEEE
[10]何豫生,黎红,何艾生,等.适用于GSM1800移动通信基站前端的高温超导滤波器和子系统原理性样机.中国科学.2002.Vol.32:479-484
[11]何文俊,曹必松.移动通信GSM900系统用高温超导滤波器设计与测试.中国科学技术大学出版社,2003.22-25
[12]黄席椿.滤波器综合设计原理.人民邮电出版社,1977.3-8,12-19,30-71
[13]甘本祓,吴万春.现代微波滤波器的结构与设计.科学出版社,1973.10-15,21-26,42-46
[14] D.E.约翰森.滤波器理论导论.北京:人民邮电出版社,1981.12-14
[15]清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路.北京:人民邮电出版社,1975.5-8,11-17,45-51
[16] Jia-Sheng Hong. Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications. New York:A Wiley-Interscience Publicatio,2001
[17]闫敦豹,袁乃昌.PBG结构缺陷的谐振特性研究.微波学报.2003.Vol.19:29-33
[18] C.G.Montgomery, R.H.Dicke, E.M.Prucell.Principle of Microwave Circuits. New York:McGraw-Hill,1948,ch.4
[19] Lin, Xue Ming; Chu, Qing Xin. Design of Triple-band Bandpass Filter Using Tri-section Stepped-Impedance Resonators[J].IEEE Trans.Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2007. ICMMT '07. International Conference on 18-21 April 2007 Page(s):1-3.
[20]赫崇骏,韩永宁.微波电路.国防科技大学出版社,1999
[21]顾其诤,项家桢,袁孝康.微波集成电路的设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,1978
[22]陈天麒.微波低噪声晶体管放大器.北京:人民邮电出版社,1983
[23] Guillermo Gonzalez. Microwave Transistor Amplifiers Analysis and Design.白晓东译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[24] Reinhold ludwing, Pavel Bretchko.射频电路设计—理论与应用.电子工业出版社,2002. 132-141
[25]台湾科技大学.绝热和热传材料之技术手册.台湾科技大学出版社,1998.8-12
[26]羊恺,补世荣,张其劭,等.高温超导小型化多曲折线滤波器研制.科学通报.2002.Vol.47:1378-1380
[27]唐汉,微波原理,南京大学出版社,1990
[28]王昕,王凡,高葆薪,等.场效应器件低温特性与低噪声放大器.低温物理学报,2005,Vol.27:159-164
[29]刘彤;沈连丰;叶芝慧.WPAN系统中LNA设计的串联反馈仿真优化法.电路与系统学报, 2003,Vol.08: 34-36
[30] Ko B K, Lee K. A comparative study on the various monolithic low noise amplifier circuit topologies for RF and microwave applications [J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1996, 31(8): 1220-1225
[31] eon Y J, Jeon M Y, Kim J M, et al. Monolithic feedback low noise X-band amplifiers using 0.5-ìm GaAs MESFETs: comparative theoretical study and experimental characterization [J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 1998, 33(2): 275-279
[32] Henkes,D.Dales. LNA Design Uses Series Feedback to Achieve Simultaneous Low Input VSWR and Low Noise. Applied Microwave and Wireless,1998.Vol.10:26-32
[33]王国彬,张晓平,魏斌,曹必松.超导接收机中低射频低温低噪声放大器的研制.电子技术应用.2007.Vol.27:113-116
[34] R.L.Barns and R.A.Laudise. Stability of superconducting YBCO in the presence of water.Appl.Phys.Lett.1987,51(17):1373-1375
[35] M.F.Yan,R.L.Sarns,H.M.Bryan,Jr.P.K.Gallagher,R.C.Sherwood,and S.Jin.Water interaction with the superconducting YBCO phase.Appl.Phys.Lett.1987,51(7):532-534