高速全光信号处理关键技术的研究
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摘要
光纤通信系统从诞生之日开始就一直飞速发展着,新技术不断涌现。近年来,随着长距离传输技术的不断成熟,光纤通信系统的瓶颈已经从传输环节转移到交换环节,人们开始越来越多的重视未来光网络技术的发展。全光高速信号处理是未来光网络的重要支撑性技术,主要包括全光波长转换、全光逻辑门、全光缓存等,为未来光网络中全光交换、路由、冲突解决等关键问题提供有效的解决方案。
高速光信号处理的各类方案主要运用光纤或其他波导介质中的非线性效应,多采用基于各类干涉仪的结构。其中,半导体光放大器(SOA)作为一种高速非线性增益材料具有体积小、非线性效应强等优点,波导型马赫曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)具有结构紧凑、易于集成、稳定性高等特点,因此辅以SOA的MZI结构(SOA-MZI)在高速光信号处理中被广泛使用。
本论文对高速全光信号处理的关键技术进行了探索性的理论和实验研究,内容主要集中在最受关注的各类基于SOA-MZI结构的方案上,分别对高速光时分复用,SOA-MZI的参数优化及偏振分析、信头净荷分离技术等进行了研究。主要工作为：
阐述了利用SOA中非线性效应进行全光信号处理的理论基础,比较分析了SOA中交叉增益调制,交叉相位调制,四波混频和非线性偏振旋转等非线性效应。概括分析了光逻辑、全光波长转换、全光信号再生和光缓存等高速全光信号处理技术的研究现状。
针对当前光时分复用结构存在的问题,提出并实现了基于镀膜自聚焦透镜的光纤和波导混合结构的高速光时分复用方案,制成了四级级联结构的时分复用器,完成了16×10Gbit/s速率下的光时分复用实验,结果表明所提出方案在时延精度、损耗、偏振、温度稳定性和波长稳定性等方面有明显优势。
全光信号处理单元因为参数众多而难于寻找最优工作点。针对这一难题,论文提出了使用“功率对比度积”来快速寻找基于SOA-MZI结构的全光信号处理单元最优工作范围的方法,并运用该方法实现了80Gbit/s自同步时钟提取实验。
建立了SOA-MZI中偏振效应的理论分析模型,从多信号不同偏振方向间的相互影响和单一信号自身偏振抖动影响两个方面深入分析了SOA-MZI的相关性能,提出了解决偏振影响的方法。
提出了一种信头净荷分离方案,通过仿真分析了2.5Gbit/s信头和80Gbit/s净荷的分离,结果表明该方案在功率分配、同步控制等方面具有灵活性。
The optical communication system has advanced dramatically during these years. So far, extensive research and development have been done to realize ultra-fast transmission in optical fiber long-haul links and the single channel of 40Gbit/s became available commercially. Further development of the optical communication system is limited by the bottleneck between high transporting speed in the fiber link and low processing speed inside the network node. As a result, future optical network has been studied by many scientific communities. Ultrafast all-optical signal processings are significant enabling technologies for future optical networks, including all-optical wavelength conversion, optical logics, optical buffering and so on. Optical signal processings aim to resolve several critical problems in the future optical networks, such as all-optical switching, routing, and conflict settling.
This dissertation focused on the key technologies of ultrafast all-optical signal processings based on semiconductor optical amplifier assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI), such as ultrafast optical time division multiplexing, parameter optimization and polarization analysis of the SOA-MZI, separation of the header and pay load and so on.
In Chapter 1, nonlinear effects of SO A are illustrated, which includes cross gain modulation (XGM), cross phase modulation (XPM), four wave mixing (FWM), and nonlinear polarization rotation (NPLR). The practical applications of all-optical signal processing such as all-optical logical gate, all-optical wavelength conversion, all-optical 3R, all-optical demultiplexing and all-optical buffer are also introduced.
A novel optical time domain multiplexer (OMUX) based on graded index (GRIN) lens is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in Chapter 2. A 10Gbit/s return-to-zero (RZ) signal is upgraded to 160Gbit/s. The time-domain accuracy of the multiplexer is evaluated by analyzing the multiplexed 160Gbit/s signal. Experimental results validate the stability of the optical multiplexing behavior and the polarization insensitivity of the proposed multiplexer. The results also show the advantages of the OTDM multiplexer such as the flexible output signal speeds at output of different stages, the low insertion loss and the temperature and wavelength stability.
Because there are many parameters in the all-optical signal processing unit, it is not easy to pinpoint the best operating point. A novel characterization method of parameter optimization is proposed in Chapter 3. "P·CR" is used to pinpoint the best operating point of the 80Gbit/s SOA-MZI self-synchronous clock extraction scheme.
The influence of polarization effects is analyzed in Chapter 4. There are two situations of polarization influence. One is different polarization directions of different input signals and the other one is the polarization fluctuation of the input signal itself. The method of solving polarization-related problem is also proposed.
In Chapter 5, a novel method of header and payload separation based on SOA-MZI scheme is proposed. Through numerical simulations, the validation and the operating characteristics of the proposal are investigated.
高速光信号处理的各类方案主要运用光纤或其他波导介质中的非线性效应,多采用基于各类干涉仪的结构。其中,半导体光放大器(SOA)作为一种高速非线性增益材料具有体积小、非线性效应强等优点,波导型马赫曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)具有结构紧凑、易于集成、稳定性高等特点,因此辅以SOA的MZI结构(SOA-MZI)在高速光信号处理中被广泛使用。
本论文对高速全光信号处理的关键技术进行了探索性的理论和实验研究,内容主要集中在最受关注的各类基于SOA-MZI结构的方案上,分别对高速光时分复用,SOA-MZI的参数优化及偏振分析、信头净荷分离技术等进行了研究。主要工作为：
阐述了利用SOA中非线性效应进行全光信号处理的理论基础,比较分析了SOA中交叉增益调制,交叉相位调制,四波混频和非线性偏振旋转等非线性效应。概括分析了光逻辑、全光波长转换、全光信号再生和光缓存等高速全光信号处理技术的研究现状。
针对当前光时分复用结构存在的问题,提出并实现了基于镀膜自聚焦透镜的光纤和波导混合结构的高速光时分复用方案,制成了四级级联结构的时分复用器,完成了16×10Gbit/s速率下的光时分复用实验,结果表明所提出方案在时延精度、损耗、偏振、温度稳定性和波长稳定性等方面有明显优势。
全光信号处理单元因为参数众多而难于寻找最优工作点。针对这一难题,论文提出了使用“功率对比度积”来快速寻找基于SOA-MZI结构的全光信号处理单元最优工作范围的方法,并运用该方法实现了80Gbit/s自同步时钟提取实验。
建立了SOA-MZI中偏振效应的理论分析模型,从多信号不同偏振方向间的相互影响和单一信号自身偏振抖动影响两个方面深入分析了SOA-MZI的相关性能,提出了解决偏振影响的方法。
提出了一种信头净荷分离方案,通过仿真分析了2.5Gbit/s信头和80Gbit/s净荷的分离,结果表明该方案在功率分配、同步控制等方面具有灵活性。
The optical communication system has advanced dramatically during these years. So far, extensive research and development have been done to realize ultra-fast transmission in optical fiber long-haul links and the single channel of 40Gbit/s became available commercially. Further development of the optical communication system is limited by the bottleneck between high transporting speed in the fiber link and low processing speed inside the network node. As a result, future optical network has been studied by many scientific communities. Ultrafast all-optical signal processings are significant enabling technologies for future optical networks, including all-optical wavelength conversion, optical logics, optical buffering and so on. Optical signal processings aim to resolve several critical problems in the future optical networks, such as all-optical switching, routing, and conflict settling.
This dissertation focused on the key technologies of ultrafast all-optical signal processings based on semiconductor optical amplifier assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI), such as ultrafast optical time division multiplexing, parameter optimization and polarization analysis of the SOA-MZI, separation of the header and pay load and so on.
In Chapter 1, nonlinear effects of SO A are illustrated, which includes cross gain modulation (XGM), cross phase modulation (XPM), four wave mixing (FWM), and nonlinear polarization rotation (NPLR). The practical applications of all-optical signal processing such as all-optical logical gate, all-optical wavelength conversion, all-optical 3R, all-optical demultiplexing and all-optical buffer are also introduced.
A novel optical time domain multiplexer (OMUX) based on graded index (GRIN) lens is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in Chapter 2. A 10Gbit/s return-to-zero (RZ) signal is upgraded to 160Gbit/s. The time-domain accuracy of the multiplexer is evaluated by analyzing the multiplexed 160Gbit/s signal. Experimental results validate the stability of the optical multiplexing behavior and the polarization insensitivity of the proposed multiplexer. The results also show the advantages of the OTDM multiplexer such as the flexible output signal speeds at output of different stages, the low insertion loss and the temperature and wavelength stability.
Because there are many parameters in the all-optical signal processing unit, it is not easy to pinpoint the best operating point. A novel characterization method of parameter optimization is proposed in Chapter 3. "P·CR" is used to pinpoint the best operating point of the 80Gbit/s SOA-MZI self-synchronous clock extraction scheme.
The influence of polarization effects is analyzed in Chapter 4. There are two situations of polarization influence. One is different polarization directions of different input signals and the other one is the polarization fluctuation of the input signal itself. The method of solving polarization-related problem is also proposed.
In Chapter 5, a novel method of header and payload separation based on SOA-MZI scheme is proposed. Through numerical simulations, the validation and the operating characteristics of the proposal are investigated.
引文
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