川中高压回注井单井极限注入量计算及增注机理研究
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摘要
随着对天然气能源需求量的不断增大,天然气产量逐年增加,气田采出水也在不断的增多。基于降低开采成本和环保的目的,通常将气田采出水回注。目前川中油气矿采用了高压回注的方式,即解决环保的问题,又防止水污染,也为油气田节省不少资金。但随着大量老井产水不断上升和新的生产井投入生产,产水量急剧增加,大量产出水回注是当前要解决的主要问题。
本文为适应川中有水气藏开发的需要,针对气田水回注井进行动态监测分析,评价回注井的低于破裂压力下注入能力和压力变化趋势。在达西公式的基础上,结合川中注水井的实际情况,推导出川中注水井注水的稳定和拟稳定渗流模型;拟从高压回注井回注现状和动态跟踪评价着手,弄清回注井压力及回注量分布特征;得出注水井在注水过程中各相关参数之间的关系式,并分析了影响储层吸水的主要因素。
本文通过对川中油气矿现有回注井注水现状分析、回注效果以及回注水水质对储层渗流物性影响机理及回注层注入能力研究,主要取得以下几个方面的认识:(1)吸水指数是反映注水层吸水能力的大小,注水井吸水指数与累积注水时间存在一定的相关性,随着注水时间不断增加吸水指数呈下降趋势,但当采取增注措施时吸水指数曲线发生跳跃。(2)在吸水指数分析的基础上,利用Hearn经验,结合工区的稳定渗流模型和物质平衡方程,推导出视吸水指数倒数与累积注水量关系。并绘制吸水指数倒数与累计注水量的关系曲线,在半对数坐标系中吸水指数倒数与累积注水量呈一定线性关系。(3)在Hall注水模型基础上,绘制注水井Hall特征曲线,通过研究可知累积注水量与累积注水压力存在一定的相关性,在直角坐标系中呈近似直线关系,一般线性关系相关性都在97%以上。通过Hall特征曲线的研究,推导出曲线的斜率与储层渗透率的关系式,通过实际回注参数估算储层渗透率。(4)经研究认为应用Hearn和Hall关系曲线可取代阶梯式流量试井,使转注井在最高压力但低于地层破裂压力下注水,达到最高注水量,加速补偿油层亏空,促进注水见效。应用Hearn和Hall关系曲线法还可以探测油藏条件的变化。
针对回注井的不超过极限设计泵压回注的要求,又不影响周围气井正常生产的条件下,提出了回注井极限回注量的定义。综合考虑到地层岩石以及流体的压缩性,推导出地层容纳注水量的容积法模型,在确定模型各参数的基础上,对模型进行了运用,计算出了在设计最大注水泵压下地层对注入水的最大注水量。在Hall曲线参数累加的思想上,考虑了注入水对地层污染的累积作用,推导出注水井注水规律的四维线性注水模型,经验证,该模型能很好的刻画川中地区注水井的注水表现规律(相关系数在0.97以上),并运用该模型预测了注水泵压上升规律,计算出在最大注水泵压下地层最大注水时间与最大注水量。该模型能刻画出单井注入能力的影响因素,对川中地区科学高效注水提供了理论依据。
With the demand of natural gas increasing, the production has been increasing annually.So more gas field water has been recovered. For reducing the cost and protecting the environment, usually the gas field water has been reinjected into reservoirs. At present,gas field water is re-injected by high-pressure methods in Chuanzhong oil-gas field.This method not only resolvs problems related to environmental protection but also prevent water pollution, but also save money for the oil and gas fields. But with the rising water cut a large number of old wells and new production wells into production, water production increased rapidly, so the main problem that is a large number of produced water re-injection is to be solved.
In this paper, in order to satisfy the needs of the development of water reservoir for water re-injection wells,based on water re-injection wells for gas dynamic monitoring and analysis and evaluate of re-injection wells, these are in Chuanzhong oil-gas field ,at below the rupture pressure of injection capacity and pressure trends. Based on the Darcy formula, we research on the actual situation of water injection wells about Chuanzhong oil-gas field,so we derived stable and unsteady seepage flow model based on Chuanzhong water Injection,while we clearly recognized re-injection well pressure, re-injection amount and distribution so that we find out relationship between the relevant parameters about water injection wells in the injection process, and analyzes the main factors affecting reservoir absorbent.
In this paper, we research on re-injection effects, and injection water quality impact on the mechanism of reservoir flow properties and recharge layer into the ability of research, based on existing circumstances of water injection wells about Chuanzhong oil-gas field. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) Water absorption Indices can reflect the absorption capacity of the size of the injection layer. there is a certain correlation between the index of water absorption and accumulation time of water injection. With the injection time continuously increasing, these is the downtrend in curves of the index of water absorption. but when the measures of augmented injection taken by injection occurs ,it is take place jump on curves of the index of water absorption.(2) Based on analysising water absorption index and using Hearn experience and combined with stable seepage flow model and the material balance equation flow model about work area,the formula of the reciprocal of apparent injectivity index and cumulative water injection was derived. The curve between reciprocal of apparent injectivity index and cumulative water injection is a linear relationship in the semi-logarithmic coordinates.(3) Base on injection model about Hall, the Hall characteristic curve of injection wells was drawn. Through studying the cumulative water injection and injection pressure accumulation we know there is approximately linear relationship which is generally more than 97% in Cartesian coordinates. Through the Hall characteristic curves the relationship between slope of the curve and the permeability of reservoir was derived. The reservoir permeability was calculated by the actual reinjection data.(4) It studies that application of Hearn and Hall curves flow well test can replace the stair-like flowrate well test, so turn up the pressure in the injection wells but below the formation fracture pressure of injection, the highest amount of water to speed up compensation for oil deficit, and promote effective water injection. Application Hearn and Hall curve method can also detect changes of reservoir conditions.
According to pump pressure must be no more than the design limit pressure, and do not affect normal production conditions around the gas well,so that we definit the limit fluence of reinjection wells. Considering the formation rock and fluid compressibility derived formation to accommodate the volume of injected water law model. based on determining the model various parameters, we calculate the limit fluence of reinjection wells in the design of the injection pump pressure by using the model.With the Hall thought and considering the cumulative effect of pollution,we derive four-dimensional linear water injection model in the law of water injection. It verifies that the model can well describe injection wells law of the water injection performance in Chuanzhong oil-gas field (correlation coefficient is above 0.97). And useing the model we predict pressure injection pump up the law, calculate the maximum pressure injection pump maximum formation time and the maximum amount of water injection. The model can describe a single well into the ability of factors.It can provides a theoretical basis in scientific and efficient water injection for Chuanzhong oil-gas field.
本文为适应川中有水气藏开发的需要,针对气田水回注井进行动态监测分析,评价回注井的低于破裂压力下注入能力和压力变化趋势。在达西公式的基础上,结合川中注水井的实际情况,推导出川中注水井注水的稳定和拟稳定渗流模型;拟从高压回注井回注现状和动态跟踪评价着手,弄清回注井压力及回注量分布特征;得出注水井在注水过程中各相关参数之间的关系式,并分析了影响储层吸水的主要因素。
本文通过对川中油气矿现有回注井注水现状分析、回注效果以及回注水水质对储层渗流物性影响机理及回注层注入能力研究,主要取得以下几个方面的认识:(1)吸水指数是反映注水层吸水能力的大小,注水井吸水指数与累积注水时间存在一定的相关性,随着注水时间不断增加吸水指数呈下降趋势,但当采取增注措施时吸水指数曲线发生跳跃。(2)在吸水指数分析的基础上,利用Hearn经验,结合工区的稳定渗流模型和物质平衡方程,推导出视吸水指数倒数与累积注水量关系。并绘制吸水指数倒数与累计注水量的关系曲线,在半对数坐标系中吸水指数倒数与累积注水量呈一定线性关系。(3)在Hall注水模型基础上,绘制注水井Hall特征曲线,通过研究可知累积注水量与累积注水压力存在一定的相关性,在直角坐标系中呈近似直线关系,一般线性关系相关性都在97%以上。通过Hall特征曲线的研究,推导出曲线的斜率与储层渗透率的关系式,通过实际回注参数估算储层渗透率。(4)经研究认为应用Hearn和Hall关系曲线可取代阶梯式流量试井,使转注井在最高压力但低于地层破裂压力下注水,达到最高注水量,加速补偿油层亏空,促进注水见效。应用Hearn和Hall关系曲线法还可以探测油藏条件的变化。
针对回注井的不超过极限设计泵压回注的要求,又不影响周围气井正常生产的条件下,提出了回注井极限回注量的定义。综合考虑到地层岩石以及流体的压缩性,推导出地层容纳注水量的容积法模型,在确定模型各参数的基础上,对模型进行了运用,计算出了在设计最大注水泵压下地层对注入水的最大注水量。在Hall曲线参数累加的思想上,考虑了注入水对地层污染的累积作用,推导出注水井注水规律的四维线性注水模型,经验证,该模型能很好的刻画川中地区注水井的注水表现规律(相关系数在0.97以上),并运用该模型预测了注水泵压上升规律,计算出在最大注水泵压下地层最大注水时间与最大注水量。该模型能刻画出单井注入能力的影响因素,对川中地区科学高效注水提供了理论依据。
With the demand of natural gas increasing, the production has been increasing annually.So more gas field water has been recovered. For reducing the cost and protecting the environment, usually the gas field water has been reinjected into reservoirs. At present,gas field water is re-injected by high-pressure methods in Chuanzhong oil-gas field.This method not only resolvs problems related to environmental protection but also prevent water pollution, but also save money for the oil and gas fields. But with the rising water cut a large number of old wells and new production wells into production, water production increased rapidly, so the main problem that is a large number of produced water re-injection is to be solved.
In this paper, in order to satisfy the needs of the development of water reservoir for water re-injection wells,based on water re-injection wells for gas dynamic monitoring and analysis and evaluate of re-injection wells, these are in Chuanzhong oil-gas field ,at below the rupture pressure of injection capacity and pressure trends. Based on the Darcy formula, we research on the actual situation of water injection wells about Chuanzhong oil-gas field,so we derived stable and unsteady seepage flow model based on Chuanzhong water Injection,while we clearly recognized re-injection well pressure, re-injection amount and distribution so that we find out relationship between the relevant parameters about water injection wells in the injection process, and analyzes the main factors affecting reservoir absorbent.
In this paper, we research on re-injection effects, and injection water quality impact on the mechanism of reservoir flow properties and recharge layer into the ability of research, based on existing circumstances of water injection wells about Chuanzhong oil-gas field. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) Water absorption Indices can reflect the absorption capacity of the size of the injection layer. there is a certain correlation between the index of water absorption and accumulation time of water injection. With the injection time continuously increasing, these is the downtrend in curves of the index of water absorption. but when the measures of augmented injection taken by injection occurs ,it is take place jump on curves of the index of water absorption.(2) Based on analysising water absorption index and using Hearn experience and combined with stable seepage flow model and the material balance equation flow model about work area,the formula of the reciprocal of apparent injectivity index and cumulative water injection was derived. The curve between reciprocal of apparent injectivity index and cumulative water injection is a linear relationship in the semi-logarithmic coordinates.(3) Base on injection model about Hall, the Hall characteristic curve of injection wells was drawn. Through studying the cumulative water injection and injection pressure accumulation we know there is approximately linear relationship which is generally more than 97% in Cartesian coordinates. Through the Hall characteristic curves the relationship between slope of the curve and the permeability of reservoir was derived. The reservoir permeability was calculated by the actual reinjection data.(4) It studies that application of Hearn and Hall curves flow well test can replace the stair-like flowrate well test, so turn up the pressure in the injection wells but below the formation fracture pressure of injection, the highest amount of water to speed up compensation for oil deficit, and promote effective water injection. Application Hearn and Hall curve method can also detect changes of reservoir conditions.
According to pump pressure must be no more than the design limit pressure, and do not affect normal production conditions around the gas well,so that we definit the limit fluence of reinjection wells. Considering the formation rock and fluid compressibility derived formation to accommodate the volume of injected water law model. based on determining the model various parameters, we calculate the limit fluence of reinjection wells in the design of the injection pump pressure by using the model.With the Hall thought and considering the cumulative effect of pollution,we derive four-dimensional linear water injection model in the law of water injection. It verifies that the model can well describe injection wells law of the water injection performance in Chuanzhong oil-gas field (correlation coefficient is above 0.97). And useing the model we predict pressure injection pump up the law, calculate the maximum pressure injection pump maximum formation time and the maximum amount of water injection. The model can describe a single well into the ability of factors.It can provides a theoretical basis in scientific and efficient water injection for Chuanzhong oil-gas field.
引文
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