复杂支承条件下特种空间杆系钢结构研究
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摘要
抱杆结构吊装的起吊能力大,稳定性能好,效率高,操作简单,且机具设备少,占地面积小,既经济又安全,在土木工程界的施工中应用得日益广泛。抱杆结构的强度和稳定十分重要,而当前工程界的计算方法各异,尚无统一的标准,缺乏定论。甚至有的计算方法精确度不高,与实际结构存在一定的差距,其工程应用一般以以往施工经验为基础。本文紧密结合“500kV江阴大跨越工程”,采用有限元对抱杆进行了静力分析,并采用较合理的挠曲线对抱杆结构的稳定性能作了初步计算。
     采用有限元分析软件SAP2000建立三维杆系模型,精确模拟落地拉线和腰箍对抱杆的支承,分析了抱杆结构的受力性能。经与传统的三弯矩法对比,显示了该方法的优越性。并对部分抱杆结构进行了模拟试验,进一步验证了有限元软件SAP2000计算抱杆结构的合理性和准确性。
     工程中抱杆为变截面、变刚度结构,其上作用有多个轴向压力,并同时作用有分布荷载和侧向荷载。本文采用能量法对抱杆结构进行了稳定计算。以各支承处杆身的侧向偏移及杆顶侧移为参变量,求解了荷载作用下抱杆结构的Lagrange挠曲多项式;利用此挠曲线,以Matlab为数值计算工具,分析了落地拉线和腰箍支承对理想抱杆稳定性能的影响。
     考虑到实际抱杆为非完善结构,本文还研究了初始缺陷,如杆身初弯曲和初偏斜及荷载偏心,对抱杆稳定性能的影响,得到了相关结论。
     本文旨在促进抱杆结构的工程应用,所得结论可供有关的设计施工人员参考,具有重要的理论意义和工程价值。
Recently, holding pole is used increasingly widely in hoisting construction of civil engineering because of its hoisting advantage. Strength and stability are critical to holding pole. However, there are various calculation methods, still is short of uniform standard. Even some methods are not adequately accurate and not coincident with fact. The application of holding pole in civil engineering is usually based on previous experience. Set on "500kV Jiang Yin Great Crossing Engineering'", this dissertation sets forth a kind of effective means of strength analysis, and applies a reasonable deflection curve to carry out primary stability computation , for the holding pole used.
    Applying the finite element analysis software, SAP2000, the analysis model of holding pole is established, and the static performances are discussed here. Compared with three-moment method in common use, this analysis means is more predominant. At the same time, a simulation test is performed for part of holding pole, it is proved that the finite element software, SAP2000 is rational and feasible to analyze holding pole.
    The holding pole's section and bending rigidity are varied, and there are multiple axial concentrated loads and uniform distributed load acting simultaneously on it, this dissertation makes primary study on stability of perfect holding pole with energy method. Introducing displacements of every supporting point and the peak, Lagrange polynomial is obtained for deflection curve of holding pole. Using this expression, the dissertation analyzes the effect of supporting stiffness (cables and hoops) on stability of holding pole, by means of the numerical software, Matlab.
    Considering that the actual holding pole usually is "imperfect structure", this dissertation father does some research on initial imperfection, including initial bending, initial inclination, and initial eccentricity. Some useful conclusions are drawn out.
    This dissertation aims to accelerate holding pole's application in civil engineering, and can supply some references to relating design and construction personnel. This dissertation is of academic sense and of engineering value.
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