控制表面颜色的多元共渗复合处理工艺及组织性能研究
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摘要
经气体多元共渗处理后的Q235钢件,有时表面颜色发红。本文通过对Fe-O系以及氢还原氧化铁反应进行热力学计算,研究出利用还原处理控制表面颜色的方法。同时,探索出一种扩散渗铝+气体多元共渗+还原处理的表面复合处理工艺。以达到提高材料表面抗盐雾腐蚀能力和改善单纯经气体多元共渗处理后表面颜色不均匀、不美观等缺点的目的。
对不同工艺的各组样品进行了金相分析、盐雾腐蚀试验分析、物相分析,对抗拉强度、冲击性能、耐磨性能、硬度值进行对比分析。
试验结果表明：对材料进行复合处理的样品,其表面颜色比仅进行多元共渗处理的样品和进行渗铝+多元共渗处理的样品表层颜色美观且均匀；仅进行多元共渗处理的样品表面主要成分为Fe2O3,经复合处理后的样品,表面主要成分为Fe3O4；复合处理样品抗蚀性能相对于仅进行多元共渗的样品抗蚀性有大幅提高,且抗拉强度比未经复合处理的样品略有提高,屈服强度提高10%以上,冲击吸收功则下降,而耐磨性能和硬度值均未下降。因此,经过对各种性能比较得出,复合处理后的样品表面颜色优,抗蚀性能强,抗拉强度、耐磨性能和硬度高,达到预想效果。
The surface of steel Q235 is red sometimes after gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment. The thermodynamic calculation of Fe-O system and Fe2O3-H system was researched, and the surface color could be controlled by reduction reaction treatment. The chemical heat treatment on the surface of steel Q235 was researched, a composite heat treatment process,which including diffusion aluminizing+gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment+reduction reaction treatment,was explored,in order to improve the surface corrosion resistance to salt spray, improve the uneven、unsightly color and change the other shortcomings of the surface after gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment only.
Samples in each group treated by different process, was analyzed by salt spray corrosion test、metallographic examination phase analysis、tensile strength analysis、impact properties test、wear-resistance test and hardness analysis.
The results show that, the surface of the samples, processed by composite heat treatment, is more uniform and beautiful than the samples, which are processed by gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment and by diffusion aluminizing+gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment respectively. The major components is Fe2O3 on the surface of samples processed by gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment and by diffusion aluminizing+gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment, but Fe3O4 on the surface of samples processed by composite heat treatment, The corrosion resistance of which has a substantial increase than samples processed by gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment. The tensile strength of the composite heat treatment samples is slightly higher than samples without composite heat treatment, whose yield strength is 10% lower but impact properties is better than composite heat treatment samples, whose wear resistance and hardness values is not decreased. Consider all of the factors, in a word, samples with composite heat treatment, have a good performance in surface color、corrosion resistance、tensile strength、wear-resistance and hardness.
对不同工艺的各组样品进行了金相分析、盐雾腐蚀试验分析、物相分析,对抗拉强度、冲击性能、耐磨性能、硬度值进行对比分析。
试验结果表明：对材料进行复合处理的样品,其表面颜色比仅进行多元共渗处理的样品和进行渗铝+多元共渗处理的样品表层颜色美观且均匀；仅进行多元共渗处理的样品表面主要成分为Fe2O3,经复合处理后的样品,表面主要成分为Fe3O4；复合处理样品抗蚀性能相对于仅进行多元共渗的样品抗蚀性有大幅提高,且抗拉强度比未经复合处理的样品略有提高,屈服强度提高10%以上,冲击吸收功则下降,而耐磨性能和硬度值均未下降。因此,经过对各种性能比较得出,复合处理后的样品表面颜色优,抗蚀性能强,抗拉强度、耐磨性能和硬度高,达到预想效果。
The surface of steel Q235 is red sometimes after gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment. The thermodynamic calculation of Fe-O system and Fe2O3-H system was researched, and the surface color could be controlled by reduction reaction treatment. The chemical heat treatment on the surface of steel Q235 was researched, a composite heat treatment process,which including diffusion aluminizing+gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment+reduction reaction treatment,was explored,in order to improve the surface corrosion resistance to salt spray, improve the uneven、unsightly color and change the other shortcomings of the surface after gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment only.
Samples in each group treated by different process, was analyzed by salt spray corrosion test、metallographic examination phase analysis、tensile strength analysis、impact properties test、wear-resistance test and hardness analysis.
The results show that, the surface of the samples, processed by composite heat treatment, is more uniform and beautiful than the samples, which are processed by gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment and by diffusion aluminizing+gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment respectively. The major components is Fe2O3 on the surface of samples processed by gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment and by diffusion aluminizing+gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment, but Fe3O4 on the surface of samples processed by composite heat treatment, The corrosion resistance of which has a substantial increase than samples processed by gas multicomponent thermochemical treatment. The tensile strength of the composite heat treatment samples is slightly higher than samples without composite heat treatment, whose yield strength is 10% lower but impact properties is better than composite heat treatment samples, whose wear resistance and hardness values is not decreased. Consider all of the factors, in a word, samples with composite heat treatment, have a good performance in surface color、corrosion resistance、tensile strength、wear-resistance and hardness.
引文
[1]李晓刚郭兴蓬.材料腐蚀与防护[M].中南大学出版社,2001：P2
[2]黄守伦.实用化学热处理与表面强化新技术[M].机械工业出版社,1999：P5
[3]许天已.钢铁热处理实用技术[M].化学工业出版社,2008：P12
[4]崔海东陈福义贾道玉.大型齿轮轴的固体渗碳淬火[J].金属热处理.1997,5(9)：P43
[5]胡传炘.表面处理手册[M].北京工业大学出版社,2004：P21
[6]柴阜桐.无毒液体渗碳技术的研究与实践[J].安徽机电学院学报.1996,12(6)：P30-32
[7]张振国周传久.3Cr13钢的固体渗碳研究[J].热加工工艺.1997,2：P39
[8]耿建亭.中温固体渗碳实例[J].机械工人(热加工).2002,10：P61
[9]李瑞彬.20CrMnTi钢齿轮固体渗碳工艺研究[J].热处理技术与装备.2006,10(27)：P46
[10]钱苗根姚寿山张少宗.现代表面技术[M].机械工业出版社,2003.P56.
[11]胡月娣赵增爵沈介国.离子渗氮技术及其应用[J].热处理.2009,24(1)：P53-55
[12]卢金生陈国民.渗氮齿轮与渗碳齿轮的技术及经济性对比[J].金属热处理.2010,35(3).P25-27
[13]于玉城王振玲徐家文.Q235钢快速碳氮共渗工艺[J].黑龙江科技学院学报.2009,19(3)：P221-223
[14]张建国丛培武陈志英.真空渗碳及碳氮共渗技术近况和应用[J].真空及表面热处理技术.2007,3：P17-19
[15]曹梅英宋振娟周国新.简便气体碳氮共渗剂[J].机械工人.1999.3：P15-16
[16]刘天佑.无毒液体碳氮共渗[J].国外金属热处理.2000,21(1)：P7-8
[17]杨裕雄.国外模具表面处理技术概况[J].模具工业.1994,8：P128
[18]宋华池成忠.模具表面渗金属技术的应用与发展[J].山西机械.2002,2：P60-62
[19]张来启李木森.中性盐浴渗钛的研究[J].金属热处理.1996,8：P21-22
[20]Xu Zhong. Method and apparatus for introducing normally slide materials into substrate surface [J]. US Patent:4520268,1985,5(24).P33-35
[21]Nicholls J R,StePhenson D J.Hightemperature coatings for gas turbines [J]. Surface Engineering.1991,3:P156-163
[22]闫翠娟赵斌.有色金属及合金渗金属技术研究现状[J].材料热处理技术.2009,38(24)： P125-126
[23]丁志敏苏立武聂自强等.膏剂法渗铝工艺及性能的研究[J].大连铁道学院学报.2002,2：P82-84
[24]胡秀丽.表面处理中化学镀应用探讨[J].宁夏机械.2008,4：P49-50
[25]张新美.高磷酸性化学Ni-P合金工艺研究[D].山东济南.张树生,2006
[26]Supicova M, Rozik R,Trnkova L. Nickel electrode position from novel citrate bath [J]. Transactions of nonferrous metals society of China.2007,17(6):P1300-1306
[27]李涛.提高碳氮共渗韧性研究[D].四川成都,杨川,2006
[28]周海陈飞杨英歌邓蓓蓓.45钢表面低温气体多元共渗研究[J]北京石油化工学院学报,2007,4(11)：P22-23
[29]杨川 吴大兴 高国庆.超厚硼铝共渗层的研究[J].金属热处理学报.1995,16(3)：P60-63
[30]戚正风.金属热处理原理[M].机械工业出版社：1987.P78-96
[31]杨英歌周海陈飞万汉城奚明.20钢表面多元共渗硬度的研究[J].表面技术.2007,36(4)：P20-21
[32]秦文峰龙江刘峰郭荣辉.低温气体多元共渗与复合表面处理技术的对比研究[J].表面技术.2009,5：P35-36
[33]杨川高国庆吴大兴.碳素结构钢多元共渗后的微观组织结构与抗蚀性的关系[J].材料保护.2004,37(11)：P42-43
[34]揭晓华董小虹黄拿灿.H13钢碳氮氧硫硼五元共渗层的性能研究[J].金属热处理.2002,27(7)：P21-23
[35]周细应万润根.高速钢稀土多元共渗研究[J].航空工艺.1996,2：P11-12
[36]铁道线路零部件低温气体多元共渗防锈抗蚀技术
[37]叶大伦.实用无机物热力学数据手册[M].冶金工业出版社.1993：P78-79
[38]肖衍繁李文斌.物理化学[M].天津大学出版社.2004：P165-169
[39]李洪桂.冶金原理[M].科学出版社.2005：P158,P193,P197-180
[40]王海川.冶金热力学数据测定与计算方法[M].冶金工业出版社.1996：P95-96
[41]王国佐王万智.钢的化学热处理[M].中国铁道出版社,1980：P354-362
[42]丁庆如.钢铁渗铝及渗铝钢的性能[J].钢铁渗铝及渗铝钢的性能.2000,3：P28-31
[43]郑伯伟黄志荣.HK40钢固体粉末渗铝的动力学研究[J].江苏石油化工学院学报.2002,14(3)：P33-36
[44]Levine S R, Caves R M, Thermodynamics and kinetics of pack aluminide coating formation on IN-100[J].J Electrochem Soc.1974,121(8):P1051-1064
[45]GB/T228-2002.金属材料室温拉伸试验方法.中华人民共和国国家标准
[46]GB/T229-1994.金属夏比缺口冲击试验方法.中华人民共和国国家标准
[47]孙学强.机械制造基础[M].机械工业出版社.2001：P62
[48]束德林主编《工程材料力学性能》机械工艺出版社P62
[49]GB/T 4340.1-1999.金属材料硬度测试试验方法.中华人民共和国国家标准
[50]王凤平 康万利.腐蚀电化学原理方法及应用[M].化学工业出版社.2008：P107-112
[51]聂毓琴吴宏.材料力学实验与课程设计[M].机械工业出版社.2006：P33-36
[2]黄守伦.实用化学热处理与表面强化新技术[M].机械工业出版社,1999：P5
[3]许天已.钢铁热处理实用技术[M].化学工业出版社,2008：P12
[4]崔海东陈福义贾道玉.大型齿轮轴的固体渗碳淬火[J].金属热处理.1997,5(9)：P43
[5]胡传炘.表面处理手册[M].北京工业大学出版社,2004：P21
[6]柴阜桐.无毒液体渗碳技术的研究与实践[J].安徽机电学院学报.1996,12(6)：P30-32
[7]张振国周传久.3Cr13钢的固体渗碳研究[J].热加工工艺.1997,2：P39
[8]耿建亭.中温固体渗碳实例[J].机械工人(热加工).2002,10：P61
[9]李瑞彬.20CrMnTi钢齿轮固体渗碳工艺研究[J].热处理技术与装备.2006,10(27)：P46
[10]钱苗根姚寿山张少宗.现代表面技术[M].机械工业出版社,2003.P56.
[11]胡月娣赵增爵沈介国.离子渗氮技术及其应用[J].热处理.2009,24(1)：P53-55
[12]卢金生陈国民.渗氮齿轮与渗碳齿轮的技术及经济性对比[J].金属热处理.2010,35(3).P25-27
[13]于玉城王振玲徐家文.Q235钢快速碳氮共渗工艺[J].黑龙江科技学院学报.2009,19(3)：P221-223
[14]张建国丛培武陈志英.真空渗碳及碳氮共渗技术近况和应用[J].真空及表面热处理技术.2007,3：P17-19
[15]曹梅英宋振娟周国新.简便气体碳氮共渗剂[J].机械工人.1999.3：P15-16
[16]刘天佑.无毒液体碳氮共渗[J].国外金属热处理.2000,21(1)：P7-8
[17]杨裕雄.国外模具表面处理技术概况[J].模具工业.1994,8：P128
[18]宋华池成忠.模具表面渗金属技术的应用与发展[J].山西机械.2002,2：P60-62
[19]张来启李木森.中性盐浴渗钛的研究[J].金属热处理.1996,8：P21-22
[20]Xu Zhong. Method and apparatus for introducing normally slide materials into substrate surface [J]. US Patent:4520268,1985,5(24).P33-35
[21]Nicholls J R,StePhenson D J.Hightemperature coatings for gas turbines [J]. Surface Engineering.1991,3:P156-163
[22]闫翠娟赵斌.有色金属及合金渗金属技术研究现状[J].材料热处理技术.2009,38(24)： P125-126
[23]丁志敏苏立武聂自强等.膏剂法渗铝工艺及性能的研究[J].大连铁道学院学报.2002,2：P82-84
[24]胡秀丽.表面处理中化学镀应用探讨[J].宁夏机械.2008,4：P49-50
[25]张新美.高磷酸性化学Ni-P合金工艺研究[D].山东济南.张树生,2006
[26]Supicova M, Rozik R,Trnkova L. Nickel electrode position from novel citrate bath [J]. Transactions of nonferrous metals society of China.2007,17(6):P1300-1306
[27]李涛.提高碳氮共渗韧性研究[D].四川成都,杨川,2006
[28]周海陈飞杨英歌邓蓓蓓.45钢表面低温气体多元共渗研究[J]北京石油化工学院学报,2007,4(11)：P22-23
[29]杨川 吴大兴 高国庆.超厚硼铝共渗层的研究[J].金属热处理学报.1995,16(3)：P60-63
[30]戚正风.金属热处理原理[M].机械工业出版社：1987.P78-96
[31]杨英歌周海陈飞万汉城奚明.20钢表面多元共渗硬度的研究[J].表面技术.2007,36(4)：P20-21
[32]秦文峰龙江刘峰郭荣辉.低温气体多元共渗与复合表面处理技术的对比研究[J].表面技术.2009,5：P35-36
[33]杨川高国庆吴大兴.碳素结构钢多元共渗后的微观组织结构与抗蚀性的关系[J].材料保护.2004,37(11)：P42-43
[34]揭晓华董小虹黄拿灿.H13钢碳氮氧硫硼五元共渗层的性能研究[J].金属热处理.2002,27(7)：P21-23
[35]周细应万润根.高速钢稀土多元共渗研究[J].航空工艺.1996,2：P11-12
[36]铁道线路零部件低温气体多元共渗防锈抗蚀技术
[37]叶大伦.实用无机物热力学数据手册[M].冶金工业出版社.1993：P78-79
[38]肖衍繁李文斌.物理化学[M].天津大学出版社.2004：P165-169
[39]李洪桂.冶金原理[M].科学出版社.2005：P158,P193,P197-180
[40]王海川.冶金热力学数据测定与计算方法[M].冶金工业出版社.1996：P95-96
[41]王国佐王万智.钢的化学热处理[M].中国铁道出版社,1980：P354-362
[42]丁庆如.钢铁渗铝及渗铝钢的性能[J].钢铁渗铝及渗铝钢的性能.2000,3：P28-31
[43]郑伯伟黄志荣.HK40钢固体粉末渗铝的动力学研究[J].江苏石油化工学院学报.2002,14(3)：P33-36
[44]Levine S R, Caves R M, Thermodynamics and kinetics of pack aluminide coating formation on IN-100[J].J Electrochem Soc.1974,121(8):P1051-1064
[45]GB/T228-2002.金属材料室温拉伸试验方法.中华人民共和国国家标准
[46]GB/T229-1994.金属夏比缺口冲击试验方法.中华人民共和国国家标准
[47]孙学强.机械制造基础[M].机械工业出版社.2001：P62
[48]束德林主编《工程材料力学性能》机械工艺出版社P62
[49]GB/T 4340.1-1999.金属材料硬度测试试验方法.中华人民共和国国家标准
[50]王凤平 康万利.腐蚀电化学原理方法及应用[M].化学工业出版社.2008：P107-112
[51]聂毓琴吴宏.材料力学实验与课程设计[M].机械工业出版社.2006：P33-36