固始鸡微量元素锰、锌需要量的研究
摘要
本研究共包括两个单因素试验和两个双因素试验。单因素试验分别为0-4周龄固始鸡锰需要量的研究、7-10周龄固始鸡微量元素锌需要量的研究；双因素试验分别为0-4周龄固始鸡锰锌需要量的研究、7-10周龄固始鸡微量元素锰锌需要量的研究。在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加不同的锰、锌水平，研究了其对各试验阶段的固始鸡生产性能、免疫性能、血清生化指标及组织器官中锰锌沉积的影响，确定了固始鸡日粮中锰锌的适宜水平，同时，探讨了日龄和锰锌互作对锰锌需要量的影响。
在0-4周龄固始鸡对锰需要量的试验研究中，所设锰水平分别为：0ppm、30ppm、60ppm、90ppm、120ppm、150ppm。通过饲养、屠宰试验研究了不同锰水平对固始鸡生产性能、免疫性能、血清MnSOD活性、组织器官微量元素锰沉积的影响。结果表明：随饲粮锰水平的提高，鸡体增重逐渐增大，在锰水平为90 ppm时达到最大；而腿病发生率由40％(缺锰基础饲粮组)降到5％(锰添加量为90ppm)；各器官锰沉积量随锰添加水平增加均呈上升趋势，在锰添加量为90ppm时其沉积量基本达到平衡。因此，综合各项指标，0-4周龄固始鸡玉米豆粕型基础日粮中锰的适宜量为108ppm。
在7-10周龄固始鸡微量元素锌需要量的试验研究中，所设锌水平分别为：0、30、60、90、120、150，观测了不同锌添加水平对固始鸡生产性能、腿病率及免疫性能、血清AKP活性、组织器官锌沉积的影响。试验结果表明，不同锌水平对固始鸡的生产性能具显著影响，
在锌添加量为60 ppm鸡可获最大日增重，饲料报酬也最高;在锌添
加量为60 PPm时血清AKp活性最高、在锌添加量为90 ppm时组织
沉积达到平衡，且腿病率最低，但与锌添加量为60ppm的试组腿病
发生率之间差异不显著，综合各指标，7一10周龄固始鸡锌添加水平宜
在60一goppm之间，也即其对锌的需要量为89.8一119.8ppm之间。
在O一4周龄和7一10周龄固始鸡对微量元素锰锌需要量的研究中，
采用3x3( MnxZn)因子完全随机试验设计法，根据试验1和试验2
得出的适宜锰锌水平各设三个锰锌梯度，锰分别为60 ppm、80 ppm、
100 ppm和锌分别为40 ppm、60 ppm、80 ppm，形成九个处理组，研
究各处理组对0一4周龄和7一10周龄固始鸡生产性能、腿病率及免疫
性能、组织器官锰锌沉积的影响。试验结果表明:0一4周龄和7一10周
龄固始鸡对锰锌的需要量一致，均为锰添加量80 ppm、锌添加量为
60 ppm时最适宜，锰锌之间对生产性能、腿病率以及免疫器官的重
量无明显互作，但锰锌可相互促进对方在各组织器官中的沉积。
In order to determine appropriate zinc and manganese requirement and their optimum ratio of Gushi Chicks in different raising periods,four experiments were conducted to study the influence of different zinc and manganese levels on growth performance ,immunity,leg abnormality and zinc and manganese concentrations in different tissues. 1.Study on manganese requirement of 0-4 week-age-old Gushi Chicks
In a single factorial expremient,480 male and female Gushi chicks of one-day-old were selected respectively and reared separately.The chicks were fed with six different manganese contents of corn-soybean meal diets.Effects of different diets on the performances, immunity and manganese concentration were studied by rearing,comparative slaughter expremients.When added 90ppm manganese, the chicks had the highest weight gain(P<0.01).Incidence of leg disease declined from 40% of the chicks fed the basal manganese deficient diet to 5% of the chicks fed the diets added 90ppm manganese.And when fed 90ppm manganese, the concrntrations of manganese in liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, spleen and bones came to be the highest. 2. Study on zinc requirement of 7-10 week-age-old Gushi chicks
0ppm,30ppm.60ppm,90ppm,120ppm ,150ppm zinc were added to basic corn-soybean meal diets ,respetively.And the growth performance,leg abnormality,immune organs weight and zinc concentrations in different organs were observed.When added 60ppm zinc to the basic diets,chicks aquired the best growth performance;the concentrations in tissues were higher than other treatments when added 90-120ppm zinc,chicks got the best immunity when fed diets which added 120 ppm zinc; and the leg abnormality came to be the lowest when added 90ppn zinc.
3. Studies on manganese and zinc requirement of 0-4 week-age-old and 7-10 week-age-old Gushi chicks.
3x3 (MnxZn) factorial expremients were conducted to research in the requirement of manganese and zinc in different growing periods.And accrodding to experiment 1 and experiment 2,we deterimined 3 Mn levels and 3 Zn levels,and crossed them with 9 treatments.And the growth performance,leg abnormality,immune organs weight and zinc concentrations in fifferent organs were observed.And through the results we can see that chicks which in different growing periods have the same requirement of zinc and manganese ,and though manganese and zinc having no correlated effects on growth performance,leg abnormality,immune organs weight,they have effect on both manganese and zinc concentrations in different tissues.
在0-4周龄固始鸡对锰需要量的试验研究中，所设锰水平分别为：0ppm、30ppm、60ppm、90ppm、120ppm、150ppm。通过饲养、屠宰试验研究了不同锰水平对固始鸡生产性能、免疫性能、血清MnSOD活性、组织器官微量元素锰沉积的影响。结果表明：随饲粮锰水平的提高，鸡体增重逐渐增大，在锰水平为90 ppm时达到最大；而腿病发生率由40％(缺锰基础饲粮组)降到5％(锰添加量为90ppm)；各器官锰沉积量随锰添加水平增加均呈上升趋势，在锰添加量为90ppm时其沉积量基本达到平衡。因此，综合各项指标，0-4周龄固始鸡玉米豆粕型基础日粮中锰的适宜量为108ppm。
在7-10周龄固始鸡微量元素锌需要量的试验研究中，所设锌水平分别为：0、30、60、90、120、150，观测了不同锌添加水平对固始鸡生产性能、腿病率及免疫性能、血清AKP活性、组织器官锌沉积的影响。试验结果表明，不同锌水平对固始鸡的生产性能具显著影响，
在锌添加量为60 ppm鸡可获最大日增重，饲料报酬也最高;在锌添
加量为60 PPm时血清AKp活性最高、在锌添加量为90 ppm时组织
沉积达到平衡，且腿病率最低，但与锌添加量为60ppm的试组腿病
发生率之间差异不显著，综合各指标，7一10周龄固始鸡锌添加水平宜
在60一goppm之间，也即其对锌的需要量为89.8一119.8ppm之间。
在O一4周龄和7一10周龄固始鸡对微量元素锰锌需要量的研究中，
采用3x3( MnxZn)因子完全随机试验设计法，根据试验1和试验2
得出的适宜锰锌水平各设三个锰锌梯度，锰分别为60 ppm、80 ppm、
100 ppm和锌分别为40 ppm、60 ppm、80 ppm，形成九个处理组，研
究各处理组对0一4周龄和7一10周龄固始鸡生产性能、腿病率及免疫
性能、组织器官锰锌沉积的影响。试验结果表明:0一4周龄和7一10周
龄固始鸡对锰锌的需要量一致，均为锰添加量80 ppm、锌添加量为
60 ppm时最适宜，锰锌之间对生产性能、腿病率以及免疫器官的重
量无明显互作，但锰锌可相互促进对方在各组织器官中的沉积。
In order to determine appropriate zinc and manganese requirement and their optimum ratio of Gushi Chicks in different raising periods,four experiments were conducted to study the influence of different zinc and manganese levels on growth performance ,immunity,leg abnormality and zinc and manganese concentrations in different tissues. 1.Study on manganese requirement of 0-4 week-age-old Gushi Chicks
In a single factorial expremient,480 male and female Gushi chicks of one-day-old were selected respectively and reared separately.The chicks were fed with six different manganese contents of corn-soybean meal diets.Effects of different diets on the performances, immunity and manganese concentration were studied by rearing,comparative slaughter expremients.When added 90ppm manganese, the chicks had the highest weight gain(P<0.01).Incidence of leg disease declined from 40% of the chicks fed the basal manganese deficient diet to 5% of the chicks fed the diets added 90ppm manganese.And when fed 90ppm manganese, the concrntrations of manganese in liver, pancreas, kidney, heart, spleen and bones came to be the highest. 2. Study on zinc requirement of 7-10 week-age-old Gushi chicks
0ppm,30ppm.60ppm,90ppm,120ppm ,150ppm zinc were added to basic corn-soybean meal diets ,respetively.And the growth performance,leg abnormality,immune organs weight and zinc concentrations in different organs were observed.When added 60ppm zinc to the basic diets,chicks aquired the best growth performance;the concentrations in tissues were higher than other treatments when added 90-120ppm zinc,chicks got the best immunity when fed diets which added 120 ppm zinc; and the leg abnormality came to be the lowest when added 90ppn zinc.
3. Studies on manganese and zinc requirement of 0-4 week-age-old and 7-10 week-age-old Gushi chicks.
3x3 (MnxZn) factorial expremients were conducted to research in the requirement of manganese and zinc in different growing periods.And accrodding to experiment 1 and experiment 2,we deterimined 3 Mn levels and 3 Zn levels,and crossed them with 9 treatments.And the growth performance,leg abnormality,immune organs weight and zinc concentrations in fifferent organs were observed.And through the results we can see that chicks which in different growing periods have the same requirement of zinc and manganese ,and though manganese and zinc having no correlated effects on growth performance,leg abnormality,immune organs weight,they have effect on both manganese and zinc concentrations in different tissues.
引文
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