炮弹内弹道试验计算机仿真分析系统研究
摘要
许多年以来，工厂在炮弹的研发、设计定型和生产定型以及批量生产的质量控制过程中，炮弹的内弹道试验参数是一个很重要的技术指标。其传统的试验方法为：利用铜柱测压法和电测压系统来测试炮膛压力；用电子测时仪及区截装置测量初速。这种试验方法仅能获取诸多内弹道试验参数中特定点的膛压和初速，对于炮弹的设计和研发来讲是非常有限的。如果将炮弹内弹道的多种参数，如炮膛内的p-t、v-t、a-t、p-l，n-t，n-l等参数间的关系及曲线图通过数字仿真系统在计算机上进行分析，即技术人员在研发时，直接从计算机系统中获取不同方案的内弹道参数，进行比较，方案择优。该炮弹内弹道试验计算机仿真分析系统的理论原理就是利用工程数学的拉普拉斯方程、格林函数、傅立叶级数和欧拉算法，在经典和两相流内弹道模型的基础上，补充新的数学物理模型，再利用软件开发工具进行编程。当炮弹弹丸和发射药的性能等参数输入计算机时，通过内弹道仿真软件系统进行计算和分析，从而深刻地研究炮弹内弹道性能，进而大大减少实弹射击试验次数和降低科研成本费用，加速炮弹的研制进程，以提高弹药的研发质量。
本文对研究课题的背景及意义、系统模拟仿真的基本概念、可视化、内弹道模型与试验数据分析理论、内弹道数值模拟与试验结果分析、炮弹内弹道试验计算机仿真系统、三维仿真软件开发技术方案等内容进行了阐述和论证。
该仿真分析系统的精确性和真实性取决于所建立的内弹道数学物理模型的正确性。本文参考了有关炮弹内弹道方面的书籍，对经典内弹道和现代两相流内弹道数学物理模型进行了相关的归纳，并根据历年来工厂大量的炮弹内弹道实测的试验数据，利用MATALAB软件，用曲线拟合的方法，建立了相关的数学模型。
为了使仿真分析系统软件的整体构架合理可行，本文就仿真技术参考了大量的有关系统仿真技术的书籍，请教了多年从事软件开发和设计的专家、教授，从而制定了该仿真分析系统的软件构架的总体设计思想，即为了实现内弹道计算结果的实时三维动画仿真，达到较佳的动画仿真效果，实现动画过程的实时控制、曲线输出等功能，拟采用3DMAX软件来建模，实现模型的准确性和三维图像效果；以微软的Visual Studio为软件开发平台，调用OpenGL标准图形库，进行Visual C++编程，将3DMAX模型移植到Visual C++的编程环境中，采用编程控制动画生成、运行过程及实时弹道数据接口与曲线绘制。选择这种技术方案不仅能达到显示实时的弹丸参数和曲线图形，而且能够使弹丸的运动姿态画面栩栩如生。
由于该课题涉及的学科广泛，要最终完成该课题，需要足够的时间、物力、科研经费和众多的从事软件开发和弹道研究的专业技术人才作保障；本人提出该
重庆大学硕士学位论文
中文摘要
课题的总体设计思想，归纳相关的数学物理模型，做了该课题的部分工作，课题
的后续工作将在以后完成。
Sincerely years, the parameters of inner ballistic trajectory of shells are very important when research and develop shells, finalizing the design; manufacture finalizing the design and quality control in batch for the shells. The conventional experimentation method as follow: use copper pole measure method and electricity measure method to test the pressure of chamber of big gun; use electron measure time apparatus and the start-end equipment to test the original velocity. It is greatly restricted for design and study of shells. If take the manifold parameters, such as: p-t, v-t, a-t, p-l, n-t, n-l, the relations between the parameters and graphs into the data simulation system of the computer, in others word, the technicians obtain the parameters directly of inner ballistic trajectory in different schemes from the computer system when research and development the shells, compare and select the excellent schemes. The principle of computer simulation analysis system of shell in internal ballistic is to use a
pplied mathematics methods, such as: Lap lace equation, Green function, Fourier series, and Euler arithmetic, base on conventional inner ballistic and modernized inner ballistic models to renew mathematics and physics models, recycle software developing tools to code. Input the performance parameters of pill and powder into the computer, calculated and analyzed by the software simulation system, study profundity the performance of inner ballistic, reduce enormously the times of experiment, depress the cost of scientific
research, speedup the course of shell development, improve the quality of shell design. This article expatiates and argumentations contents as follow: background and meaning
of study the task, basis concept of system simulation, technology of seeable, the theory of inner trajectory and test data analysis, inner trajectory numerical value simulation and test result analysis, computer simulation analysis system of shell in internal ballistic test, technology exploitation scheme of 3D simulation software and so on.
The precision and reality of the simulation analysis system is decided by the legitimacy of inner trajectory mathematics and physics models built. The thesis references books about shell inner trajectory, sum up the mathematics and physics models about the sutra inner trajectory and modern inner trajectory, according to a great deal of inner trajectory test data of our manufactory in past years, utilize software of MATLAB, use curve imitate method, set up mathematics models.
In order to make the integer truss software of simulation analysis system in reason and ability, the thesis reference a lot of books about system simulation technology, consult experts and professors engage in software exploitation and design for many years, establish collectivity design idea of software truss of the simulation analysis system, that is to say, for realize real time 3D simulation of inner trajectory result, obtain better simulation effect of 3D, realize real time control of 3D, output curve, use 3DSMAX to model, carry out veracity of models and impact of 3D images, use Visual Studio as software exploitation flat roof, transfer OpenGL, code in Visual C++, transplant models of 3DSMAX into the programmed circumstance of Visual C++, use programmed to control moving pictures create, courses and real time trajectory data connect and draw curve. Select technology scheme not only to display real time parameters and curve of pill, but also make the movement gesture of pill reality.
On account of the thesis deal with subjects abroad, accomplish the thesis finally, need enough time, material resources, scientific research outlay, many specialty technology person with ability who engage in software exploitation and trajectory research, I put forward the collectivity design idea of the thesis, conclude the mathematics and physics models, carry out portion works of the thesis, the rest works complete in the future.
本文对研究课题的背景及意义、系统模拟仿真的基本概念、可视化、内弹道模型与试验数据分析理论、内弹道数值模拟与试验结果分析、炮弹内弹道试验计算机仿真系统、三维仿真软件开发技术方案等内容进行了阐述和论证。
该仿真分析系统的精确性和真实性取决于所建立的内弹道数学物理模型的正确性。本文参考了有关炮弹内弹道方面的书籍，对经典内弹道和现代两相流内弹道数学物理模型进行了相关的归纳，并根据历年来工厂大量的炮弹内弹道实测的试验数据，利用MATALAB软件，用曲线拟合的方法，建立了相关的数学模型。
为了使仿真分析系统软件的整体构架合理可行，本文就仿真技术参考了大量的有关系统仿真技术的书籍，请教了多年从事软件开发和设计的专家、教授，从而制定了该仿真分析系统的软件构架的总体设计思想，即为了实现内弹道计算结果的实时三维动画仿真，达到较佳的动画仿真效果，实现动画过程的实时控制、曲线输出等功能，拟采用3DMAX软件来建模，实现模型的准确性和三维图像效果；以微软的Visual Studio为软件开发平台，调用OpenGL标准图形库，进行Visual C++编程，将3DMAX模型移植到Visual C++的编程环境中，采用编程控制动画生成、运行过程及实时弹道数据接口与曲线绘制。选择这种技术方案不仅能达到显示实时的弹丸参数和曲线图形，而且能够使弹丸的运动姿态画面栩栩如生。
由于该课题涉及的学科广泛，要最终完成该课题，需要足够的时间、物力、科研经费和众多的从事软件开发和弹道研究的专业技术人才作保障；本人提出该
重庆大学硕士学位论文
中文摘要
课题的总体设计思想，归纳相关的数学物理模型，做了该课题的部分工作，课题
的后续工作将在以后完成。
Sincerely years, the parameters of inner ballistic trajectory of shells are very important when research and develop shells, finalizing the design; manufacture finalizing the design and quality control in batch for the shells. The conventional experimentation method as follow: use copper pole measure method and electricity measure method to test the pressure of chamber of big gun; use electron measure time apparatus and the start-end equipment to test the original velocity. It is greatly restricted for design and study of shells. If take the manifold parameters, such as: p-t, v-t, a-t, p-l, n-t, n-l, the relations between the parameters and graphs into the data simulation system of the computer, in others word, the technicians obtain the parameters directly of inner ballistic trajectory in different schemes from the computer system when research and development the shells, compare and select the excellent schemes. The principle of computer simulation analysis system of shell in internal ballistic is to use a
pplied mathematics methods, such as: Lap lace equation, Green function, Fourier series, and Euler arithmetic, base on conventional inner ballistic and modernized inner ballistic models to renew mathematics and physics models, recycle software developing tools to code. Input the performance parameters of pill and powder into the computer, calculated and analyzed by the software simulation system, study profundity the performance of inner ballistic, reduce enormously the times of experiment, depress the cost of scientific
research, speedup the course of shell development, improve the quality of shell design. This article expatiates and argumentations contents as follow: background and meaning
of study the task, basis concept of system simulation, technology of seeable, the theory of inner trajectory and test data analysis, inner trajectory numerical value simulation and test result analysis, computer simulation analysis system of shell in internal ballistic test, technology exploitation scheme of 3D simulation software and so on.
The precision and reality of the simulation analysis system is decided by the legitimacy of inner trajectory mathematics and physics models built. The thesis references books about shell inner trajectory, sum up the mathematics and physics models about the sutra inner trajectory and modern inner trajectory, according to a great deal of inner trajectory test data of our manufactory in past years, utilize software of MATLAB, use curve imitate method, set up mathematics models.
In order to make the integer truss software of simulation analysis system in reason and ability, the thesis reference a lot of books about system simulation technology, consult experts and professors engage in software exploitation and design for many years, establish collectivity design idea of software truss of the simulation analysis system, that is to say, for realize real time 3D simulation of inner trajectory result, obtain better simulation effect of 3D, realize real time control of 3D, output curve, use 3DSMAX to model, carry out veracity of models and impact of 3D images, use Visual Studio as software exploitation flat roof, transfer OpenGL, code in Visual C++, transplant models of 3DSMAX into the programmed circumstance of Visual C++, use programmed to control moving pictures create, courses and real time trajectory data connect and draw curve. Select technology scheme not only to display real time parameters and curve of pill, but also make the movement gesture of pill reality.
On account of the thesis deal with subjects abroad, accomplish the thesis finally, need enough time, material resources, scientific research outlay, many specialty technology person with ability who engage in software exploitation and trajectory research, I put forward the collectivity design idea of the thesis, conclude the mathematics and physics models, carry out portion works of the thesis, the rest works complete in the future.
引文
[1]SOFTWARE ENGINEERING A PRACTITIONER'S APPOACH 作者：ROGERS.PRESSMAN 清华大学出版社，2002年2月, p1-860
[2]Ester M, Kricgcl H P, Sander J. Spatial Data Mining. A Database Approach. Proc 5th Int. Symp, 科学出版社， 2002年，5月，p1-364
[3]Grady Booch, Object Oriented Design With Applications, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc. 电子工业出版社，1991，p1-290
[4]Database System Concepts Abraham Silberschatz Henry F.korth S.S Sudarhan 著，机械工业出版社，1999年8月，p1-370
[5]Core C++ Asoftwarc Engineering Approach Victor Shterr 著， 机械工业出版社，2001年3月，p1-460
[6]The nature and purpose of modes, 机械工业出版社，2000年10月， p1-290
[7]Martin Fowler and Kendall Scot, UML Distilled Addison ,Wesley Longman Inc, May, 1997, 人民出版社，p1-421
[8]Hans-Erik Erikson and Magnus Penker UML Toolkit, John Wiley & Sons, Ine, 1998, 治金出版社， p1-382
[9]OBJECT-ORIENTED CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES 电子工业出版社，2002年2月，p1-419
[10]David a.Taylor, Ph.D., "Business engineering with object technology", John Wiley & sons, Inc, 1995. 机械工业出版社，p1-276
[11]Li Zhang, Lei Wang and Bosheng Zhou. Introduction to Integrated Process Engineering Environment on Future Software Technology (ISFST-97), Nov. 1997, XiaMen: 69～75, 机械工业出版社，p1-349
[12]COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 科学出版社，p1-367
[13]《UML与 Rational Rose 2002 从入门到精通》 Wendy Boggs Michael Boggs 著，电子工业出版社，2002年7月，p1-521
[14]Software Project Management [印] RajeevT Shandilya 著，科学出版社，2002年10月，p1-350
[15]"UML Notation guide", Versionl. 1, Rational software corporation September 1997, 电子工业出版社，p1-410
[16]PRJECT SCHEDULING AND TRACKING , 清华大学出版社，2002年9月，p1-379
[17]THREE-CONVENTIONANL METHODS FOR SOFTWARE ENGINGEERING, 人民邮电出
版社，p1-347
[18]ANALYSIS MODELING，科学出版社，2001年3月，p1-285
[19]DESIGN CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES，清华大学出版社，2000年11月，p1-523
[20]CLIENT/SERVER SOFTWARE ENGINEERING，清华大学出版社，2002年2月，p1-230
[21]"IPEE User Manual", Draft, Software Engineering Institute, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, December 15, 1997., 科学出版社，p1-225
[22]"UML Semantics", Version1.1, Rational software corporation, September 1997, 冶金出版社，p1-264
[23]Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards, William Stallings, 科学出版社，1999年4月，p1-272
[24]《MATLAB 6基础及应用》刘宏友 李莉 彭锋 编著，重庆大学出版社，2002年2月，p1-425
[25]《掌握MATLAB 6.0 及其工程应用》苏晓生 编著，科学出版社，2002年，p1-421
[26]《系统仿真》刘藻珍 魏华梁 编，北京理工大学出版社，1998年8月，p1-280
[27]《c++程序设计教程》钱能主编，清华大学出版社，2001年1月第10次，p1-468
[28]《软件体系结构的原理、组成与应用》 万建成 卢雷 编著，科学出版社，2002年8月，p1-382
[29]《实用两相流内弹道学》周彦煌 王升晨 著，兵器工业出版社，1990年3月第一版，p1-338
[30]《内弹道学》南京理工大学八O一研究室编，兵器工业出版社，p1-330
[31]《软件工程导轮》张海藩 清华大学出版社， 2002年1月第17次，p1-353
[32]《PowerBuilder8.0 & SQL Server2000数据库系统管理与实现》廖疆星 肖金秀 编著 冶金出版社，2002年10月，p1-520
[33]《PowerBuilder8.0数据库系统开发实例导航》何旭烘 余建英 著，人民邮电出版社，2002年5月第2次，p1-445
[2]Ester M, Kricgcl H P, Sander J. Spatial Data Mining. A Database Approach. Proc 5th Int. Symp, 科学出版社， 2002年，5月，p1-364
[3]Grady Booch, Object Oriented Design With Applications, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc. 电子工业出版社，1991，p1-290
[4]Database System Concepts Abraham Silberschatz Henry F.korth S.S Sudarhan 著，机械工业出版社，1999年8月，p1-370
[5]Core C++ Asoftwarc Engineering Approach Victor Shterr 著， 机械工业出版社，2001年3月，p1-460
[6]The nature and purpose of modes, 机械工业出版社，2000年10月， p1-290
[7]Martin Fowler and Kendall Scot, UML Distilled Addison ,Wesley Longman Inc, May, 1997, 人民出版社，p1-421
[8]Hans-Erik Erikson and Magnus Penker UML Toolkit, John Wiley & Sons, Ine, 1998, 治金出版社， p1-382
[9]OBJECT-ORIENTED CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES 电子工业出版社，2002年2月，p1-419
[10]David a.Taylor, Ph.D., "Business engineering with object technology", John Wiley & sons, Inc, 1995. 机械工业出版社，p1-276
[11]Li Zhang, Lei Wang and Bosheng Zhou. Introduction to Integrated Process Engineering Environment on Future Software Technology (ISFST-97), Nov. 1997, XiaMen: 69～75, 机械工业出版社，p1-349
[12]COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 科学出版社，p1-367
[13]《UML与 Rational Rose 2002 从入门到精通》 Wendy Boggs Michael Boggs 著，电子工业出版社，2002年7月，p1-521
[14]Software Project Management [印] RajeevT Shandilya 著，科学出版社，2002年10月，p1-350
[15]"UML Notation guide", Versionl. 1, Rational software corporation September 1997, 电子工业出版社，p1-410
[16]PRJECT SCHEDULING AND TRACKING , 清华大学出版社，2002年9月，p1-379
[17]THREE-CONVENTIONANL METHODS FOR SOFTWARE ENGINGEERING, 人民邮电出
版社，p1-347
[18]ANALYSIS MODELING，科学出版社，2001年3月，p1-285
[19]DESIGN CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES，清华大学出版社，2000年11月，p1-523
[20]CLIENT/SERVER SOFTWARE ENGINEERING，清华大学出版社，2002年2月，p1-230
[21]"IPEE User Manual", Draft, Software Engineering Institute, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, December 15, 1997., 科学出版社，p1-225
[22]"UML Semantics", Version1.1, Rational software corporation, September 1997, 冶金出版社，p1-264
[23]Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards, William Stallings, 科学出版社，1999年4月，p1-272
[24]《MATLAB 6基础及应用》刘宏友 李莉 彭锋 编著，重庆大学出版社，2002年2月，p1-425
[25]《掌握MATLAB 6.0 及其工程应用》苏晓生 编著，科学出版社，2002年，p1-421
[26]《系统仿真》刘藻珍 魏华梁 编，北京理工大学出版社，1998年8月，p1-280
[27]《c++程序设计教程》钱能主编，清华大学出版社，2001年1月第10次，p1-468
[28]《软件体系结构的原理、组成与应用》 万建成 卢雷 编著，科学出版社，2002年8月，p1-382
[29]《实用两相流内弹道学》周彦煌 王升晨 著，兵器工业出版社，1990年3月第一版，p1-338
[30]《内弹道学》南京理工大学八O一研究室编，兵器工业出版社，p1-330
[31]《软件工程导轮》张海藩 清华大学出版社， 2002年1月第17次，p1-353
[32]《PowerBuilder8.0 & SQL Server2000数据库系统管理与实现》廖疆星 肖金秀 编著 冶金出版社，2002年10月，p1-520
[33]《PowerBuilder8.0数据库系统开发实例导航》何旭烘 余建英 著，人民邮电出版社，2002年5月第2次，p1-445