机场水泥混凝土道面评价系统的研究
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摘要
水泥混凝土道面是目前我国机场的主要道面类型,许多机场道面在机轮荷载和自然环境等因素的联合作用下,使用性能不断下降,道面损坏状况严重。这种现状使得道面管理的重点由新道面的建设转移到已有道面的检测、评价、预测及维修和恢复,而我国机场道面使用性能的现有研究现状难以满足道面管理的需求。
鉴于此,本文以机场水泥混凝土道面为研究对象,在系统总结和借鉴国内外水泥混凝土道面领域既有理论和方法的基础上,通过理论分析与现场调研相结合的方式,结合机场水泥混凝土道面自身的特点和研究现状,对机场道面使用性能的检测、评价、预测、养护维修对策及费用分析方法进行了研究,构建了机场混凝土道面评价的现实框架。该研究有助于机场道面主管部门全面掌握机场道面的现状和发展态势,为机场道面的合理维护和科学决策提供理论和现实依据。本文完成的主要工作可分为四部分,即机场道面使用性能的评价、预测、恢复及评价系统的研发。
在机场道面使用性能的评价方面,从机场道面的外观质量、平整性能、抗滑能力和承载能力等方面研究了机场道面的使用性能,较为系统地建立了机场道面使用性能的评价体系;提出了基于改进层次分析方法和模糊理论的机场道面综合评价模型,对机场道面的使用性能从整体上进行综合评判;建立了道面劣化影响因素的灰色关联分析模型,探究使用性能劣化的主因。
在机场道面使用性能的预测方面,基于充分挖掘历史数据信息内在规律的思想,分别提出了道面使用性能的灰色预测模型、灰色——马尔可夫组合预测模型及遗传-LM优化的神经网络预测模型,给出了各种模型的适用条件,并结合实例进行了分析比较。
在使用性能的恢复方面,参照国内外水泥混凝土路面养护维修的既有研究和相关标准,考虑实践中常用的养护维修技术,本文将机场道面的评价指标与养护维修对策相结合,提出了养护维修对策的选择原则和方法。
在使用性能评价系统的研发方面,基于当前机场道面评价系统软件的研发不足,与当前的社会需求不协调的现状,依据相关标准和规范,进行基于GIS的机场道面评价通用软件的应用开发。
Cement concrete pavement is the main type of airport pavement in our country. Service performance of many airport cement concrete pavements deteriorates gradually under combined actions of aircraft loads and natural environment and pavements are severely damaged. Emphases in pavement management have changed from construction of newly-built pavement to management of exiting pavements, such as measure, assessment, prediction and rehabilitation of service performance. However, the current research on service performance is difficult to meet the demand of airport pavement management.
According to the present situation of research on service performance, airport cement concrete pavement is regarded as study objects. Based on systemic and comprehensive summing-up of domestic and abroad study in cement concrete pavements, feasible analysis methods for measure, assessment, prediction and rehabilitation of airport cement concrete pavement is presented by means of theoretical analysis and investigation on the spot. And then management frame of airport cement concrete pavement is formulated, which contributes to comprehensive mastery of current situations and future trend for administrative agencies, and theoretical and practical evidence for the rational maintenance and scientific decision. Research work accomplished can mainly be divided into four parts, namely, assessment, prediction, rehabilitation and development of evaluation system for service performance of airport cement concrete pavement.
On the part of assessment for service performance of airport pavement, firstly, service performance for airport pavement is studied including appearance quality, roughness performance, antiskid property and bearing capability, and then evaluation system is systemically established for airport cement concrete pavement. Secondly, based on improved analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy theory, a synthetic evaluation model on airport pavement is presented to evaluate the service performance as a whole. Thirdly, grey relation analysis is introduced to study the primary and secondary factors which result in the deterioration of service performance of airport cement concrete pavement.
On the part of prediction for service performance of airport pavement, based on the idea that intrinsic law hidden in history data should be mined fully, three prediction models for service performance are proposed, that is, grey model, grey-markov combinatorial model, and improved neural network model by genetic and LM algorithm. Applicable conditions are also given for every model, and the comparison on prediction precision between different models is made through examples.
On the part of rehabilitation for service performance of airport pavement, based on existing research results and standards on rehabilitation of cement concrete pavement and maintenance techniques often applied in practice, the decision method for selection of maintenance activities is proposed, which make the evaluation index correspondent with decision of maintenance activities.
On the part of development for evaluation system with service performance, airport pavement evaluation system base on GIS is developed to manage airport cement concrete pavement more efficiently by means of VB and Mapobjects, which is geographic information system control.
鉴于此,本文以机场水泥混凝土道面为研究对象,在系统总结和借鉴国内外水泥混凝土道面领域既有理论和方法的基础上,通过理论分析与现场调研相结合的方式,结合机场水泥混凝土道面自身的特点和研究现状,对机场道面使用性能的检测、评价、预测、养护维修对策及费用分析方法进行了研究,构建了机场混凝土道面评价的现实框架。该研究有助于机场道面主管部门全面掌握机场道面的现状和发展态势,为机场道面的合理维护和科学决策提供理论和现实依据。本文完成的主要工作可分为四部分,即机场道面使用性能的评价、预测、恢复及评价系统的研发。
在机场道面使用性能的评价方面,从机场道面的外观质量、平整性能、抗滑能力和承载能力等方面研究了机场道面的使用性能,较为系统地建立了机场道面使用性能的评价体系;提出了基于改进层次分析方法和模糊理论的机场道面综合评价模型,对机场道面的使用性能从整体上进行综合评判;建立了道面劣化影响因素的灰色关联分析模型,探究使用性能劣化的主因。
在机场道面使用性能的预测方面,基于充分挖掘历史数据信息内在规律的思想,分别提出了道面使用性能的灰色预测模型、灰色——马尔可夫组合预测模型及遗传-LM优化的神经网络预测模型,给出了各种模型的适用条件,并结合实例进行了分析比较。
在使用性能的恢复方面,参照国内外水泥混凝土路面养护维修的既有研究和相关标准,考虑实践中常用的养护维修技术,本文将机场道面的评价指标与养护维修对策相结合,提出了养护维修对策的选择原则和方法。
在使用性能评价系统的研发方面,基于当前机场道面评价系统软件的研发不足,与当前的社会需求不协调的现状,依据相关标准和规范,进行基于GIS的机场道面评价通用软件的应用开发。
Cement concrete pavement is the main type of airport pavement in our country. Service performance of many airport cement concrete pavements deteriorates gradually under combined actions of aircraft loads and natural environment and pavements are severely damaged. Emphases in pavement management have changed from construction of newly-built pavement to management of exiting pavements, such as measure, assessment, prediction and rehabilitation of service performance. However, the current research on service performance is difficult to meet the demand of airport pavement management.
According to the present situation of research on service performance, airport cement concrete pavement is regarded as study objects. Based on systemic and comprehensive summing-up of domestic and abroad study in cement concrete pavements, feasible analysis methods for measure, assessment, prediction and rehabilitation of airport cement concrete pavement is presented by means of theoretical analysis and investigation on the spot. And then management frame of airport cement concrete pavement is formulated, which contributes to comprehensive mastery of current situations and future trend for administrative agencies, and theoretical and practical evidence for the rational maintenance and scientific decision. Research work accomplished can mainly be divided into four parts, namely, assessment, prediction, rehabilitation and development of evaluation system for service performance of airport cement concrete pavement.
On the part of assessment for service performance of airport pavement, firstly, service performance for airport pavement is studied including appearance quality, roughness performance, antiskid property and bearing capability, and then evaluation system is systemically established for airport cement concrete pavement. Secondly, based on improved analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy theory, a synthetic evaluation model on airport pavement is presented to evaluate the service performance as a whole. Thirdly, grey relation analysis is introduced to study the primary and secondary factors which result in the deterioration of service performance of airport cement concrete pavement.
On the part of prediction for service performance of airport pavement, based on the idea that intrinsic law hidden in history data should be mined fully, three prediction models for service performance are proposed, that is, grey model, grey-markov combinatorial model, and improved neural network model by genetic and LM algorithm. Applicable conditions are also given for every model, and the comparison on prediction precision between different models is made through examples.
On the part of rehabilitation for service performance of airport pavement, based on existing research results and standards on rehabilitation of cement concrete pavement and maintenance techniques often applied in practice, the decision method for selection of maintenance activities is proposed, which make the evaluation index correspondent with decision of maintenance activities.
On the part of development for evaluation system with service performance, airport pavement evaluation system base on GIS is developed to manage airport cement concrete pavement more efficiently by means of VB and Mapobjects, which is geographic information system control.
引文
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