XML模式到概念模型的转换方法与工具研究
摘要
XML(eXtensible Markup Language)是一种进行数据表示和交换的通用格式,它已在Internet上和企业内部得到了广泛应用。XML模式是XML应用的基础,为了描述XML文档的语法和结构,当前普遍采用W3C XML模式定义语言。然而,这样的XML模式表示的是文档的逻辑结构,其格式复杂、难以表示语义,因此不便于人们的理解和交流。图形化的概念模型是便于理解和交流的有效表达方式,所以,将逻辑层的XML模式转换成概念层的图形化模型,这是一个值得深入研究的课题。
本文主要研究从XML逻辑模式到XML概念模型的转换方法以及相关的转换工具。XML逻辑模式采用XMLSchema,而概念模型则采用了一种新型的XML概念模型—XUML。论文介绍并分析了XUML的主要特点;在此基础上,对XUML进行了扩展,扩展是通过定义Profile实现的。Profile针对XML Schema主要特性,定义了相关的构造型、标记值和约束,强化了语义。
为了进行两种模式(型)之间的转换,映射规则是基础。论文从元素、属性、数据类型、约束等方面,定义了XMLSchema到扩展XUML模型的映射规则。在此基础上,论文提出了一个模型转换算法XSD2XUML,并分析了该算法的时间复杂度。
为了让XSD2XUML实用化,需要有工具的支持。本文分析了与工具实现相关的一系列关键技术问题,提出了实现该工具的完整技术方案。该方案以PowerDesigner为基础,采用其中的XML Model作为XML编辑器;采用XMI作为XUML的内部表示格式;采用XSD Infoset作为XMLSchema处理的接口;采用Eclipse作为工具集成平台。通过扩展PowerDesigner中的类图模型,初步实现了XUML编辑器。
本文得到了湖北省自然科学基金项目(编号:2004ABA040)的资助。
XML(eXtensible Markup Language)is a universal format to represent and exchange data.It is widely used on Internet and in enterprise.XML schema is the base of XML application.W3C XML Schema Definition Language is all-pervading used to describe the syntax and structure of XML document.XML schema can denote the logistic structure,but it is diffcult to denote the semantics,and it's format is complicated too.The reasons above result in the inconvenience for people to understanding and communicate.While the graphical conceptual model is an effective way of expression for understanding and communication.So it is a deserving study to convert the XML schema of logical layer into graphical model of conceptual layer.
This thesis researches the transformation from XML logical model to XML conceptual model,and some tools that concerned.XML logical model adopts XML Schema while XML conceptual model adopts XUML,which is a new XML conceptual model.The thesis introduces and analyses the characteristics of XUML, and XUML model is extended based on these works.
Mapping rules is the foundation of the transformation between two models.This thesis defines some mapping rules from XML Schema to extended XUML based on the aspects of element,attribute,data type and restriction.And then a conversion algorithm XSD2XUML is bring forward based on the mapping rules.The thesis also analysed the Time Complexity of algorithm.
In order to make XSD2XUML more practical,some tools are needed.The thesis analyses a series of key technological problems about the implement used by tools.A blue print is put forward too.This blue print is based on PowerDesigner,we uses it's XML Model as XML editor;XMI is used as the inner format of XUML.The dispose interface of XML Schema is XSD Infoset;And Eclipse is used as the integration platform.The thesis implements a simple XUML editor by extending the Class Graph model of PowerDesigner.
This thesis is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(NO.2004ABA040).
本文主要研究从XML逻辑模式到XML概念模型的转换方法以及相关的转换工具。XML逻辑模式采用XMLSchema,而概念模型则采用了一种新型的XML概念模型—XUML。论文介绍并分析了XUML的主要特点;在此基础上,对XUML进行了扩展,扩展是通过定义Profile实现的。Profile针对XML Schema主要特性,定义了相关的构造型、标记值和约束,强化了语义。
为了进行两种模式(型)之间的转换,映射规则是基础。论文从元素、属性、数据类型、约束等方面,定义了XMLSchema到扩展XUML模型的映射规则。在此基础上,论文提出了一个模型转换算法XSD2XUML,并分析了该算法的时间复杂度。
为了让XSD2XUML实用化,需要有工具的支持。本文分析了与工具实现相关的一系列关键技术问题,提出了实现该工具的完整技术方案。该方案以PowerDesigner为基础,采用其中的XML Model作为XML编辑器;采用XMI作为XUML的内部表示格式;采用XSD Infoset作为XMLSchema处理的接口;采用Eclipse作为工具集成平台。通过扩展PowerDesigner中的类图模型,初步实现了XUML编辑器。
本文得到了湖北省自然科学基金项目(编号:2004ABA040)的资助。
XML(eXtensible Markup Language)is a universal format to represent and exchange data.It is widely used on Internet and in enterprise.XML schema is the base of XML application.W3C XML Schema Definition Language is all-pervading used to describe the syntax and structure of XML document.XML schema can denote the logistic structure,but it is diffcult to denote the semantics,and it's format is complicated too.The reasons above result in the inconvenience for people to understanding and communicate.While the graphical conceptual model is an effective way of expression for understanding and communication.So it is a deserving study to convert the XML schema of logical layer into graphical model of conceptual layer.
This thesis researches the transformation from XML logical model to XML conceptual model,and some tools that concerned.XML logical model adopts XML Schema while XML conceptual model adopts XUML,which is a new XML conceptual model.The thesis introduces and analyses the characteristics of XUML, and XUML model is extended based on these works.
Mapping rules is the foundation of the transformation between two models.This thesis defines some mapping rules from XML Schema to extended XUML based on the aspects of element,attribute,data type and restriction.And then a conversion algorithm XSD2XUML is bring forward based on the mapping rules.The thesis also analysed the Time Complexity of algorithm.
In order to make XSD2XUML more practical,some tools are needed.The thesis analyses a series of key technological problems about the implement used by tools.A blue print is put forward too.This blue print is based on PowerDesigner,we uses it's XML Model as XML editor;XMI is used as the inner format of XUML.The dispose interface of XML Schema is XSD Infoset;And Eclipse is used as the integration platform.The thesis implements a simple XUML editor by extending the Class Graph model of PowerDesigner.
This thesis is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(NO.2004ABA040).
引文
[1]Tim Bray,Jean Paoli,C.M.Sperberg-McQueen,Eve Maler,Francois Yergeau.Extensible Markup Language(XML)1.0(Third Edition)http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml,W3C Recommendation,04 February 2004
[2]Priscilla Walmsley.XML模式权威教程,陈维军,乔安平,英宁等译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.1-280
[3]XDR.http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/sipb/user/cbf/xmldata-reduced.htm
[4]DCD.http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-dcd
[5]SOX.http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-SOX/
[6]DDML.http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-ddml
[7]D.C.Fallside,P.Walmsley.XML Schema Part 0:Primer Second Edition.W3C Recommendation.http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/,2004.10
[8]H.S.Thompson,D.Beech,M.Maloney,et al.XML Schema Part 1:Structures Second Edition.W3C Recommendation.http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/,2004.10
[9]P.V.Biron,K.Permanente,A.Malhotra.XML Schema Part 2:DataTypes Second Edition.W3C Recommendation.http://www.w3.org/TR xmlschema-2/,2004.10
[10]RELAX NG.http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/relax-ng
[11]Schematron.http://xml.ascc.net/resource/schematron/
[12]Altova,XMLSPY 2004 Enterprise Edition Online-help.http://www.altova.com
[13]Sybase,PowerDesigner XML Model User's Guide(Version 11.0),Document number:DC'20014-01-1100431.http://download.sybase.com/pdfdocs/pdd 1100e/xmug.pdf,2004.11
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[15]P.P.Chen.The Entity-Relationship Model——Toward a Unified View of Data.ACM Transactions on Database Systems.Vol.1,No.1,March 1976.9-36
[16]刘洪星,陈明,张学敏.几种基于EER的XML概念模型的比较与分析.武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2006,28(5)
[17]Giuseppe Psaila.ERX -A conceptual model for XML Documents.In SAC(2),2000.898-903
[18]Arijit Sengupta,Sriram Mohan,and Rahul Doshi.XER-Extensible Entity Relationship Modeling.Proceedings,XML 2003.Philadelphia,PA December 8-12,2003
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[21]Murali Mani.EReX:A Conceptual Model for XML.XSym 2004,LNCS 3186,2004.Springer-Verlag,2004.128-142
[22]Ramez Elmasri,Yu-Chi Wu,Babak Hojabri,Charley Li,and Jack Fu.Conceptual Modeling for Customized XML Schemas.ER 2002,LNCS 2503,Springer-Verlag,2002.429-443
[23]Martin Bernauer,Gerti Kappel,and Gerhard Kramler.Representing XML Schema in UML-A Comparison of Approaches.ICWE 2004,LNCS 3140,Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2004.440-444
[24]Grady Booch,Magnus Christerson,Matthew Fuchs,and Jari Koistinen.UML for XML Schema Mapping Specification.Rational White Paper,December 1999.
[25]Thomas Kudrass,Tobias Krumbein.Rule-Based Generation of XML DTDs from UML Class Diagrams.ADBIS 2003,LNCS 2798,Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2003.339-354
[26]David Carlson.XML应用的UML建模技术,周靖,侯奕萌,沈金河等译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.1-56
[27]Will Provost.UML For W3C XML Schema Design http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/08/07/wxs_uml.html,August 07,2002
[28]Nicholas Routledge,Linda Bird,and Andrew GoodChild.UML and XML Schema.In 13th Australian Database Conference(ADC2002),ACS,2002.157-166
[29]Belen Vela,Esperanza Marcos.Extending UML to represent XML Schemas.The 15th Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering.CAISE'03 Forum FECHA:June 2003.16-20
[30]Tobias Krumbein,Thomas Kudrass.Rule-Based Generation of XML Schemas from UML Class Diagrams.In Proceedings of the XML Days at Berlin,Workshop on Web Databases(WebDB),2003.213-227
[31]黄发国,应时,丰波,段靖荒用UML为XMLSchema建模.计算机应用,2001,21(6):18-21
[32]王甲民,杨子翔,沈均毅.用UML设计XML文档模式.计算机工程与应用,2002,38(22):131-134
[33]Ling Feng,Elizabeth Chang,and Tharam Dillon.A Semantic Network-Based Design Methodology for XML Documents.ACM Transactions on Information Systems,Vol.20,No.4,October 2002.390-421
[34]Berthold Daum.Asset Oriented Modeling(AOM).http://www.aomodeling.org.2005
[35]Dobbie G,Wu X,Ling T W,Lee M L.ORA-SS:Object-Relationship-Attribute Model for Semistructured Data[R],TR 21/00,National University of Singapore,2001
[36]刘洪星.基于XUML的XML模式设计方法:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学计算机学院,2006
[37]OMG.UML Profile for Relationships Specification.http://www.omg.org/docs/formal/04-02-07.pdf
[38]James Rumbaugh,Ivar Jacobson,Grady Booch.UML参考手册(第2版),UML China.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.1-505
[39]Hans-Erik Eriksson,Maguns Penker,Brian Lyons,David Fado.UML 2.工具箱,余安萍,俞俊平等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1-254
[40]Sparx Systems.XML Schema Generation.http://www.sparxsystems.com.au/xml_schema_generation.htm
[41]Martin Bemauer,Gerti Kappel,and Gerhard Kramler.Representing XML Schema in UMLA UML Profile for XML Schema.http://www.big.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/1303.pdf,2003
[42]陈明.XML概念模型及其转换研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学图书馆,2006.
[43]Anneke Kleppe,Jos Warmer,Wim Bast.解析MDA,鲍志云译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.93-129
[44]刘洪星,卢炎生,陈明.一种XML概念模型—XUML计算机科学,2007,01:83-8
[45]OMG.Meta Object Facility(MOF)-1.4.http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doe?formal/2002-04-03.pdf,2002 5.
[46]OMG.XML Metadata Interchange(XMI)Specification v1.2.http://www.omg.org/docs/formal/02-01-01.pdf,2002
[47]Dave Spriet.XML Schema lnfoset Model,Part 1.http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/edu/os-dw-os-schemal-i.html,2003.11.04
[48]Dave Spriet.XML Schema Infoset Model,Part 2.http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/edu/os-dw-os-schema2-i.html,2004.2.17
[49]IBM.Eclipse Development using the Graphical Editing Framework and the Eclipse Modeling Framework.ftp://www.redbooks.ibm.com/red-books/SG246302
[2]Priscilla Walmsley.XML模式权威教程,陈维军,乔安平,英宁等译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.1-280
[3]XDR.http://stuff.mit.edu/afs/sipb/user/cbf/xmldata-reduced.htm
[4]DCD.http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-dcd
[5]SOX.http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-SOX/
[6]DDML.http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-ddml
[7]D.C.Fallside,P.Walmsley.XML Schema Part 0:Primer Second Edition.W3C Recommendation.http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0/,2004.10
[8]H.S.Thompson,D.Beech,M.Maloney,et al.XML Schema Part 1:Structures Second Edition.W3C Recommendation.http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/,2004.10
[9]P.V.Biron,K.Permanente,A.Malhotra.XML Schema Part 2:DataTypes Second Edition.W3C Recommendation.http://www.w3.org/TR xmlschema-2/,2004.10
[10]RELAX NG.http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/relax-ng
[11]Schematron.http://xml.ascc.net/resource/schematron/
[12]Altova,XMLSPY 2004 Enterprise Edition Online-help.http://www.altova.com
[13]Sybase,PowerDesigner XML Model User's Guide(Version 11.0),Document number:DC'20014-01-1100431.http://download.sybase.com/pdfdocs/pdd 1100e/xmug.pdf,2004.11
[14]Sybase,PowerDesigner Advanced User Documentation(Version 11.0),Document number:DC38628-01-1100-01.http://download.sybase.com/pdfdocs/pdd1100e/advanced.pdf,2004,11
[15]P.P.Chen.The Entity-Relationship Model——Toward a Unified View of Data.ACM Transactions on Database Systems.Vol.1,No.1,March 1976.9-36
[16]刘洪星,陈明,张学敏.几种基于EER的XML概念模型的比较与分析.武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2006,28(5)
[17]Giuseppe Psaila.ERX -A conceptual model for XML Documents.In SAC(2),2000.898-903
[18]Arijit Sengupta,Sriram Mohan,and Rahul Doshi.XER-Extensible Entity Relationship Modeling.Proceedings,XML 2003.Philadelphia,PA December 8-12,2003
[19]Bernadette Farias Loscio,Aria Carolina Salgado,and Luciano do Rego Galvao.Conceptual Modeling of XML Schemas.Proceedings of the fifth ACM international workshop on Web information and data management(WlDM03),ACM Press,2003.102-105
[20]David W.Embley,Stephen W.Liddle,and Reema Al-Kamha.Enterprise Modeling with Conceptual XML.ER 2004,LNCS 3288,Springer-Verlag,2004.150-165
[21]Murali Mani.EReX:A Conceptual Model for XML.XSym 2004,LNCS 3186,2004.Springer-Verlag,2004.128-142
[22]Ramez Elmasri,Yu-Chi Wu,Babak Hojabri,Charley Li,and Jack Fu.Conceptual Modeling for Customized XML Schemas.ER 2002,LNCS 2503,Springer-Verlag,2002.429-443
[23]Martin Bernauer,Gerti Kappel,and Gerhard Kramler.Representing XML Schema in UML-A Comparison of Approaches.ICWE 2004,LNCS 3140,Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2004.440-444
[24]Grady Booch,Magnus Christerson,Matthew Fuchs,and Jari Koistinen.UML for XML Schema Mapping Specification.Rational White Paper,December 1999.
[25]Thomas Kudrass,Tobias Krumbein.Rule-Based Generation of XML DTDs from UML Class Diagrams.ADBIS 2003,LNCS 2798,Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2003.339-354
[26]David Carlson.XML应用的UML建模技术,周靖,侯奕萌,沈金河等译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.1-56
[27]Will Provost.UML For W3C XML Schema Design http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/08/07/wxs_uml.html,August 07,2002
[28]Nicholas Routledge,Linda Bird,and Andrew GoodChild.UML and XML Schema.In 13th Australian Database Conference(ADC2002),ACS,2002.157-166
[29]Belen Vela,Esperanza Marcos.Extending UML to represent XML Schemas.The 15th Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering.CAISE'03 Forum FECHA:June 2003.16-20
[30]Tobias Krumbein,Thomas Kudrass.Rule-Based Generation of XML Schemas from UML Class Diagrams.In Proceedings of the XML Days at Berlin,Workshop on Web Databases(WebDB),2003.213-227
[31]黄发国,应时,丰波,段靖荒用UML为XMLSchema建模.计算机应用,2001,21(6):18-21
[32]王甲民,杨子翔,沈均毅.用UML设计XML文档模式.计算机工程与应用,2002,38(22):131-134
[33]Ling Feng,Elizabeth Chang,and Tharam Dillon.A Semantic Network-Based Design Methodology for XML Documents.ACM Transactions on Information Systems,Vol.20,No.4,October 2002.390-421
[34]Berthold Daum.Asset Oriented Modeling(AOM).http://www.aomodeling.org.2005
[35]Dobbie G,Wu X,Ling T W,Lee M L.ORA-SS:Object-Relationship-Attribute Model for Semistructured Data[R],TR 21/00,National University of Singapore,2001
[36]刘洪星.基于XUML的XML模式设计方法:[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学计算机学院,2006
[37]OMG.UML Profile for Relationships Specification.http://www.omg.org/docs/formal/04-02-07.pdf
[38]James Rumbaugh,Ivar Jacobson,Grady Booch.UML参考手册(第2版),UML China.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.1-505
[39]Hans-Erik Eriksson,Maguns Penker,Brian Lyons,David Fado.UML 2.工具箱,余安萍,俞俊平等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1-254
[40]Sparx Systems.XML Schema Generation.http://www.sparxsystems.com.au/xml_schema_generation.htm
[41]Martin Bemauer,Gerti Kappel,and Gerhard Kramler.Representing XML Schema in UMLA UML Profile for XML Schema.http://www.big.tuwien.ac.at/research/publications/2003/1303.pdf,2003
[42]陈明.XML概念模型及其转换研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学图书馆,2006.
[43]Anneke Kleppe,Jos Warmer,Wim Bast.解析MDA,鲍志云译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.93-129
[44]刘洪星,卢炎生,陈明.一种XML概念模型—XUML计算机科学,2007,01:83-8
[45]OMG.Meta Object Facility(MOF)-1.4.http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doe?formal/2002-04-03.pdf,2002 5.
[46]OMG.XML Metadata Interchange(XMI)Specification v1.2.http://www.omg.org/docs/formal/02-01-01.pdf,2002
[47]Dave Spriet.XML Schema lnfoset Model,Part 1.http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/edu/os-dw-os-schemal-i.html,2003.11.04
[48]Dave Spriet.XML Schema Infoset Model,Part 2.http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/edu/os-dw-os-schema2-i.html,2004.2.17
[49]IBM.Eclipse Development using the Graphical Editing Framework and the Eclipse Modeling Framework.ftp://www.redbooks.ibm.com/red-books/SG246302