城市公共交通导向系统设计研究
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摘要
现代化的高度发展使城市的范围不断扩大，高楼林立、道路增加，城市人口愈来愈密集，车辆愈来愈普及，交通节奏加快，城市道路变得更加复杂而立体。人流的去向，交通的疏导与街区的管理等城市环境中出现的诸多问题，造成了对公共交通导向系统愈来愈重的依赖。目前我国的公共交通导向系统设计远远滞后于我们的道路建设和公共设施建设，成为当前社会生活中的盲点和弱项。
本论文即是围绕城市的公共交通导向系统设计展开的深入研究与探讨，对其进行了概念界定和范畴划分，分析了公共交通导向系统对城市交通运作和城市发展起到的重要作用，总结了公共交通导向设计的几大要点，并对其设计的具体要求与规范进行了归纳和论述。最后针对上海市轨道交通导向系统的现存问题和发展需求进行了分析，提出了可行性的改善建议。
本课题的研究方法主要有：
1、对国内外的城市公共交通导向系统进行实地考察与研究。
2、在国外相关设计机构进行的设计实习和实践总结。
3、与专业内有影响的富有导向系统设计经验的设计师交流讨论。
4、大量查阅中外专业书籍，主要是国外文献和图片资料的搜集。
5、通过互联网获取国内外有关交通导向和地铁系统的相关资料。
所获得的结论与启发性见解为：
1、公共交通导向系统的设计是有关城市管理的一门学科，有效规范的公共交通导向系统是城市交通运作的灵魂。偌大的一座现代化城市，如果没有导向系统的疏通，其结果可想而知：如果缺少新型整套的、科学合理并系统规范的导向系统设计，其后果更是不堪设想。这一点应该引起城市领导者和设计家们的重视和认真对待。
2、公共交通导向系统设计是始终以参与公共交通活动的人为目标对象，把功能性置于第一位的设计，它必须遵循“以人为本”的设计宗旨和“功能第一”的设计要素。导向系统的设计属于城市，好的公共导向能够提高一个城市的档次和水平，在发挥功能性作用的同时成为城市景观中亮丽的点缀，它的设计风格与城市环境特点相协调也是很重要的。
3、公共交通导向系统设计是城市现代化规划设计中不可忽视的
部分，属于视觉传达设计的范畴。同时，它又是一个非常复杂周密
的设计系统，其中包含大量的相关科学、门类的共同参与与规划、
设计、制作。设计者应分别对导向设计中色彩、文字、图形、位置
与尺度等各个要素进行深入研究，并要考虑诸如形体、材料、照明、
电子导向和无障碍设计等其他因素。在设计实践中对各设计要素的
理解应该是交融式的、机动的和实践性的。
4、上海市的轨道交通导向系统目前存在着指示不明确、标识语
言不统一、提供信息量小、与环境不协调等诸多问题，纠其原因是
缺乏规范化系统化的设计与管理。城市的建设者和设计家们应加强
对公共交通导向系统设计规范的理论研究与设计实践，努力将上海
市轨道交通导向系统改善得更具功能性和更加人性化，以适应今后
网络化发展的方向，整体提高轨道交通运营效率与服务水平。
Cities continue to expand due to the speed of modernization development, with buildings soaring, roads multiplying, city population becoming more dense, auto mobiles more common, traffic heavier, and the city streets are growing more complicated and dimensional. Numerous problems have surfaced in the urban environment in the movement of people, traffic misguiding, and district management. This has caused greater revilement for the urban traffic way-finding system. Our country's public traffic signage system is considerably behind our road construction and public facility construction, and is at a blind and weak spot in our current society.
This thesis is an extensive research and exploration centered around the design of public way-finding systems in the city. It categorizes the conceptual boundaries and subject divisions, analyzes the critical function that public transit way-finding system plays in city development, summaries the major points in the design of public transit way-finding systems, and sums up the detailed demands of such a practice, In conclusion, it analyzes the current problems and development concerns in the Shanghai rail traffic way-finding system, and proposes suggestion of possible improvement.
The research method for this project include:
1) On site observation and study of public urban transit way-finding systems both domestic and overseas.
2) Internship at a related foreign design studio.
3) Discussions and exchanges with experienced designers familiar with the subject matter in the design industry.
4) Extensive readings of professional publications from both domestic and overseas, mainly collections of feign documents and in age resources.
5) Gathered related information on both domestic and overseas transit way-finding and rail systems over the internet.
The conclusion and interpretations formed as follows.
1) The Design of public transit way-finding system is a study in the city management field, an effective and regulated public transit way-finding system is the soul in a city's traffic control. The results are predetermined if a way finding system is not established in a major modernized city. If the design of a way-finding system lacks systematic unity and scientific accuracy, the consequences is beyond imagination. This should be seriously considered and approached by those that are of lead roles in the city and designees.
2) The aim of public transit way-finding system design has always been to be part of the people in public traffic activities. As design that have functionality as its primary concern, it mast follow the principles of "serving the people" and have the essential design factor or "form follows function.". Way-finding systems belong to the city. A good public signage raises a city's standards and its image. At the same time, as it serves its functional purposes, it also adds to the city scenery, therefore the unity that the design style creates with the characteristics of the city is as important.
3) Public transit way-finding system is a section not to be overlooked in the design of a city's modernization development. It is pant of visualization communication design sector. At the same time, it's a very complicated design system that includes the involvement of related studies and planning, designing, and construction. Designers should fully explore the various elements in the design such as color, typography, graphics, placement and size, and should consider other aspects such as form, material, lighting, electronics, and barrier-free design. During design implication, the understanding of each design element should be one that is of a fusion, mobile and practical.
4) The rail transit way-finding system in Shanghai contains many problems such as unclear directing, a lack of unity in the system language, a lack of information, and not relating to its environment. It's a resolve of unregulated un-systemized design and mismanagement. City developers and designers should strengthen thesis studies and
本论文即是围绕城市的公共交通导向系统设计展开的深入研究与探讨，对其进行了概念界定和范畴划分，分析了公共交通导向系统对城市交通运作和城市发展起到的重要作用，总结了公共交通导向设计的几大要点，并对其设计的具体要求与规范进行了归纳和论述。最后针对上海市轨道交通导向系统的现存问题和发展需求进行了分析，提出了可行性的改善建议。
本课题的研究方法主要有：
1、对国内外的城市公共交通导向系统进行实地考察与研究。
2、在国外相关设计机构进行的设计实习和实践总结。
3、与专业内有影响的富有导向系统设计经验的设计师交流讨论。
4、大量查阅中外专业书籍，主要是国外文献和图片资料的搜集。
5、通过互联网获取国内外有关交通导向和地铁系统的相关资料。
所获得的结论与启发性见解为：
1、公共交通导向系统的设计是有关城市管理的一门学科，有效规范的公共交通导向系统是城市交通运作的灵魂。偌大的一座现代化城市，如果没有导向系统的疏通，其结果可想而知：如果缺少新型整套的、科学合理并系统规范的导向系统设计，其后果更是不堪设想。这一点应该引起城市领导者和设计家们的重视和认真对待。
2、公共交通导向系统设计是始终以参与公共交通活动的人为目标对象，把功能性置于第一位的设计，它必须遵循“以人为本”的设计宗旨和“功能第一”的设计要素。导向系统的设计属于城市，好的公共导向能够提高一个城市的档次和水平，在发挥功能性作用的同时成为城市景观中亮丽的点缀，它的设计风格与城市环境特点相协调也是很重要的。
3、公共交通导向系统设计是城市现代化规划设计中不可忽视的
部分，属于视觉传达设计的范畴。同时，它又是一个非常复杂周密
的设计系统，其中包含大量的相关科学、门类的共同参与与规划、
设计、制作。设计者应分别对导向设计中色彩、文字、图形、位置
与尺度等各个要素进行深入研究，并要考虑诸如形体、材料、照明、
电子导向和无障碍设计等其他因素。在设计实践中对各设计要素的
理解应该是交融式的、机动的和实践性的。
4、上海市的轨道交通导向系统目前存在着指示不明确、标识语
言不统一、提供信息量小、与环境不协调等诸多问题，纠其原因是
缺乏规范化系统化的设计与管理。城市的建设者和设计家们应加强
对公共交通导向系统设计规范的理论研究与设计实践，努力将上海
市轨道交通导向系统改善得更具功能性和更加人性化，以适应今后
网络化发展的方向，整体提高轨道交通运营效率与服务水平。
Cities continue to expand due to the speed of modernization development, with buildings soaring, roads multiplying, city population becoming more dense, auto mobiles more common, traffic heavier, and the city streets are growing more complicated and dimensional. Numerous problems have surfaced in the urban environment in the movement of people, traffic misguiding, and district management. This has caused greater revilement for the urban traffic way-finding system. Our country's public traffic signage system is considerably behind our road construction and public facility construction, and is at a blind and weak spot in our current society.
This thesis is an extensive research and exploration centered around the design of public way-finding systems in the city. It categorizes the conceptual boundaries and subject divisions, analyzes the critical function that public transit way-finding system plays in city development, summaries the major points in the design of public transit way-finding systems, and sums up the detailed demands of such a practice, In conclusion, it analyzes the current problems and development concerns in the Shanghai rail traffic way-finding system, and proposes suggestion of possible improvement.
The research method for this project include:
1) On site observation and study of public urban transit way-finding systems both domestic and overseas.
2) Internship at a related foreign design studio.
3) Discussions and exchanges with experienced designers familiar with the subject matter in the design industry.
4) Extensive readings of professional publications from both domestic and overseas, mainly collections of feign documents and in age resources.
5) Gathered related information on both domestic and overseas transit way-finding and rail systems over the internet.
The conclusion and interpretations formed as follows.
1) The Design of public transit way-finding system is a study in the city management field, an effective and regulated public transit way-finding system is the soul in a city's traffic control. The results are predetermined if a way finding system is not established in a major modernized city. If the design of a way-finding system lacks systematic unity and scientific accuracy, the consequences is beyond imagination. This should be seriously considered and approached by those that are of lead roles in the city and designees.
2) The aim of public transit way-finding system design has always been to be part of the people in public traffic activities. As design that have functionality as its primary concern, it mast follow the principles of "serving the people" and have the essential design factor or "form follows function.". Way-finding systems belong to the city. A good public signage raises a city's standards and its image. At the same time, as it serves its functional purposes, it also adds to the city scenery, therefore the unity that the design style creates with the characteristics of the city is as important.
3) Public transit way-finding system is a section not to be overlooked in the design of a city's modernization development. It is pant of visualization communication design sector. At the same time, it's a very complicated design system that includes the involvement of related studies and planning, designing, and construction. Designers should fully explore the various elements in the design such as color, typography, graphics, placement and size, and should consider other aspects such as form, material, lighting, electronics, and barrier-free design. During design implication, the understanding of each design element should be one that is of a fusion, mobile and practical.
4) The rail transit way-finding system in Shanghai contains many problems such as unclear directing, a lack of unity in the system language, a lack of information, and not relating to its environment. It's a resolve of unregulated un-systemized design and mismanagement. City developers and designers should strengthen thesis studies and
引文
1、 覃力、严建伟、王兴田，《国外交通建筑》，1995，黑龙江科学技术出版社，哈尔滨；
2、 蔡君时，《城市轨道交通》，2000，同济大学出版社，上海；
3、 蔡君时，《世界公共交通》，2001，同济大学出版社，上海；
4、 吕凤显，《导向设计》，2000，黑龙江美术出版社，哈尔滨；
5、 王受之，《世界现代平面设计史》，1998，新世纪出版社，深圳；
6、 王受之，《世界现代设计史 1864-1996》，1996，新世纪出版社，深圳；
7、 李幼蒸，《理论符号学导论》，1999，社会科学文献出版社；
8、 罗兰巴特著，董学文等译，《符号学美学》，1987，辽宁人民出版社；
9、 黄国松，《色彩设计学》，2001，中国纺织出版社，北京；
10、 李明君，《中国美术字史图说》，1996，人民美术出版社，北京
11、 李巍，《设计概论》，2001，西南师范大学出版社，重庆；
12、 《艺术与设计》杂志社，《国家公共标志设计原则与图形全集》，2001，《艺术与设计》杂志社，北京；
13、 赖文，《常用标志与图形符号识别指南》，2002，中国标准出版社，北京
14、 Gail Deibler Finke(美)著，张凤译，《城市标志设计》，2001，大连理工大学出版社，大连；
15、 赤濑达三(Tatsuzo Akase)、横田保生(Yasuo Yokota)(日)，《Public Signs》, 1994, Rikuyo-sha Publishing, Inc., Tokyo;
16、 "Sing Communication" Publishing Committee, 《Sing Communication》, 1989, Kashiwashobo Publishers, Ltd., Tokyo;
17、 Richard Saul Wurman, 《Information Architects》, 1997, Graphis Inc., New York;
18、 James Grayson Trulove,, 《This Way》, Rockport Publishers, New York；
19、 Wayne Hunt, 《Environmental Graphics》, 1994, Madison Square Press, New York;
20、 Edited by Graphic-sha Publishing Co., Ltd., 《Elements & Total Concept of
Urban Signage Design》, 2001, Graphic-sha Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo;
21、Edited by Leslie Gallery-Dilworth, FAIA, Written by Gail Deibler Finke, 《You are here: Graphics that direct, explain & Entertain》, 1999, ST Publications, Inc., Washington;
22、Gail Deibler Finke, 《City Signs》, 1994, Madison Square Press, New York;
23、Gail Deibler Finke, 《Festival Graphics》, 1999, Madison Square Press, New York;
24、Naoki Mukoda, 《Street Furniture》, 1994, Bijutsu Shuppan-Sha., Tokyo;
25、Studio Dumbar, 《Behind the seen》, 1996, Verlag Hermann Schmidt Mainz, Mainz Hechtssheim
26、设计网址：http://www.dolcn.com
27、网址：http://www.ina.fr/voir_revoir/metro/histoire.en.html
28、网址：http://www.100anslemetro.com/
29、网址：http://www.nycsubway.org/
30、网址：http://www.2bangkok.com/2bangkok/Subway/index.shtml
31、网址：http://www.reed.edu/～reyn/metroitems.html
32、网址：http://www.subways.net
33、网址：http://www.china-[ictorial.com/chpic/htdocs/rmhb/english/e2001-4/minzhuxian.htm
34、网址：http://www.metropla.net/as/shan/shanghai.htm
2、 蔡君时，《城市轨道交通》，2000，同济大学出版社，上海；
3、 蔡君时，《世界公共交通》，2001，同济大学出版社，上海；
4、 吕凤显，《导向设计》，2000，黑龙江美术出版社，哈尔滨；
5、 王受之，《世界现代平面设计史》，1998，新世纪出版社，深圳；
6、 王受之，《世界现代设计史 1864-1996》，1996，新世纪出版社，深圳；
7、 李幼蒸，《理论符号学导论》，1999，社会科学文献出版社；
8、 罗兰巴特著，董学文等译，《符号学美学》，1987，辽宁人民出版社；
9、 黄国松，《色彩设计学》，2001，中国纺织出版社，北京；
10、 李明君，《中国美术字史图说》，1996，人民美术出版社，北京
11、 李巍，《设计概论》，2001，西南师范大学出版社，重庆；
12、 《艺术与设计》杂志社，《国家公共标志设计原则与图形全集》，2001，《艺术与设计》杂志社，北京；
13、 赖文，《常用标志与图形符号识别指南》，2002，中国标准出版社，北京
14、 Gail Deibler Finke(美)著，张凤译，《城市标志设计》，2001，大连理工大学出版社，大连；
15、 赤濑达三(Tatsuzo Akase)、横田保生(Yasuo Yokota)(日)，《Public Signs》, 1994, Rikuyo-sha Publishing, Inc., Tokyo;
16、 "Sing Communication" Publishing Committee, 《Sing Communication》, 1989, Kashiwashobo Publishers, Ltd., Tokyo;
17、 Richard Saul Wurman, 《Information Architects》, 1997, Graphis Inc., New York;
18、 James Grayson Trulove,, 《This Way》, Rockport Publishers, New York；
19、 Wayne Hunt, 《Environmental Graphics》, 1994, Madison Square Press, New York;
20、 Edited by Graphic-sha Publishing Co., Ltd., 《Elements & Total Concept of
Urban Signage Design》, 2001, Graphic-sha Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo;
21、Edited by Leslie Gallery-Dilworth, FAIA, Written by Gail Deibler Finke, 《You are here: Graphics that direct, explain & Entertain》, 1999, ST Publications, Inc., Washington;
22、Gail Deibler Finke, 《City Signs》, 1994, Madison Square Press, New York;
23、Gail Deibler Finke, 《Festival Graphics》, 1999, Madison Square Press, New York;
24、Naoki Mukoda, 《Street Furniture》, 1994, Bijutsu Shuppan-Sha., Tokyo;
25、Studio Dumbar, 《Behind the seen》, 1996, Verlag Hermann Schmidt Mainz, Mainz Hechtssheim
26、设计网址：http://www.dolcn.com
27、网址：http://www.ina.fr/voir_revoir/metro/histoire.en.html
28、网址：http://www.100anslemetro.com/
29、网址：http://www.nycsubway.org/
30、网址：http://www.2bangkok.com/2bangkok/Subway/index.shtml
31、网址：http://www.reed.edu/～reyn/metroitems.html
32、网址：http://www.subways.net
33、网址：http://www.china-[ictorial.com/chpic/htdocs/rmhb/english/e2001-4/minzhuxian.htm
34、网址：http://www.metropla.net/as/shan/shanghai.htm