基于UG的汽车主减速器三维设计及仿真分析
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摘要
汽车主减速器是汽车传动系统的关键部件之一,弧齿锥齿轮作为减速齿轮具有承载能力强、传动平稳和安装精度要求低等优点;直齿锥齿轮作为差速器齿轮利用了结构紧凑,简单的特点。对于锥齿轮,齿轮齿廓精度决定了模型的精度,采用球面渐开线方程建立的渐开线生成的齿廓可以很好的保证齿形的精度。
论文围绕汽车减速器齿轮的参数化设计问题,对弧齿锥齿轮和直齿锥齿轮进行了参数化建模方法进行了深入研究。
目前,在锥齿轮的建模过程中,一般都采用背锥渐开线建模方法,尽管背锥渐开线锥齿轮的齿形与球面渐开线齿形非常接近,但总存在误差。针对这一情况,根据啮合原理,分析推导了球面渐开线方程。通过分析弧齿锥齿轮的加工成型原理,推导出易于在UG中实现的螺旋线参数方程,利用表达式的参数化建模方法,实现了球面渐开线弧齿锥齿轮的精确三维参数化造型。
针对差速器直齿锥齿轮结构简单,具有很好的代表性,以UG/NX软件为平台,结合UG/OPEN二次开发模块、Visual C++6.0编程环境和Access数据库,建立了直齿锥齿轮参数化设计系统。利用UG/OPEN二次开发工具,采用UG/OPEN GRIP和UG/OPEN API混合编程方法,实现球面渐开线直齿锥齿轮程序化快速建模,大大提高齿轮建模的效率。
在UG的装配模块中,在对差速器齿轮装配尺寸的基础上完成差速器壳的建模,实现自上而下的参数化三维造型设计,在完成减速器的总装配后进行了装配干涉检查。在高级运动仿真环境中,建立了运动分析方案,实现了机构的运动仿真和运动干涉,间隙测量等,验证齿轮运动机构设计的合理性等。
The main reducer is one of the key components of the car’s transmission system. The spiral bevel gears have high bearing capability, stable transmission and low accurate requirement of installation as the gears of the reducer; and the straight bevel gears take the feature of compact structure and simple as the gears of the differential. For the bevel gears, the precision of the model was determined by the accuracy of the teeth of the gear’s figure. And the teeth’s shapes which made by using the equations of spherical involute ensure the precision of the teeth’s figure of the gears.
The paper researched the parameterized modeling method further with the spiral bevel gears and the bevel gears around parametric design problem of the car reducer.
At present, typically use the model method of back cone involute while modeling bevel gears. Although the figure of the gears are very closely between the back cone involute and the spherical involute, but there always exists some error. According to this situation, analysed and deduced the spherical involute equations based on the meshing theory. The paper has deduced the spiral equations which easy to be used in UG according the processing & forming principle of spiral bevel gears and realized the accurate 3D parametric modeling of the spiral bevel gears with spherical involute by used the parametric modeling method of expressions.
The paper used UG/OPEN secondary development and Visual C++ and Access databases to establish the parameterized design system of straight bevel gears according to simple structure of the differential’s bevel gears, which have good representative. Carry out the procedural fast modeling of the spherical involutes’straight bevel gear under the mixed procedure of UG/OPEN GRIP and UG/OPEN API to improve modeling efficiency.
In the modual of UG, accomplish the model of the differential shell based on the assembly size of the differential gears, and to realize the design method of top-down 3D parametric modeling and the interference check after the total assembly of the reducer. Established the motion analysis program to realize the movement simulation and interference check and measuring clearance etc, which validate design rationality of the gear movement institution under the senior simulation environment of UG.
论文围绕汽车减速器齿轮的参数化设计问题,对弧齿锥齿轮和直齿锥齿轮进行了参数化建模方法进行了深入研究。
目前,在锥齿轮的建模过程中,一般都采用背锥渐开线建模方法,尽管背锥渐开线锥齿轮的齿形与球面渐开线齿形非常接近,但总存在误差。针对这一情况,根据啮合原理,分析推导了球面渐开线方程。通过分析弧齿锥齿轮的加工成型原理,推导出易于在UG中实现的螺旋线参数方程,利用表达式的参数化建模方法,实现了球面渐开线弧齿锥齿轮的精确三维参数化造型。
针对差速器直齿锥齿轮结构简单,具有很好的代表性,以UG/NX软件为平台,结合UG/OPEN二次开发模块、Visual C++6.0编程环境和Access数据库,建立了直齿锥齿轮参数化设计系统。利用UG/OPEN二次开发工具,采用UG/OPEN GRIP和UG/OPEN API混合编程方法,实现球面渐开线直齿锥齿轮程序化快速建模,大大提高齿轮建模的效率。
在UG的装配模块中,在对差速器齿轮装配尺寸的基础上完成差速器壳的建模,实现自上而下的参数化三维造型设计,在完成减速器的总装配后进行了装配干涉检查。在高级运动仿真环境中,建立了运动分析方案,实现了机构的运动仿真和运动干涉,间隙测量等,验证齿轮运动机构设计的合理性等。
The main reducer is one of the key components of the car’s transmission system. The spiral bevel gears have high bearing capability, stable transmission and low accurate requirement of installation as the gears of the reducer; and the straight bevel gears take the feature of compact structure and simple as the gears of the differential. For the bevel gears, the precision of the model was determined by the accuracy of the teeth of the gear’s figure. And the teeth’s shapes which made by using the equations of spherical involute ensure the precision of the teeth’s figure of the gears.
The paper researched the parameterized modeling method further with the spiral bevel gears and the bevel gears around parametric design problem of the car reducer.
At present, typically use the model method of back cone involute while modeling bevel gears. Although the figure of the gears are very closely between the back cone involute and the spherical involute, but there always exists some error. According to this situation, analysed and deduced the spherical involute equations based on the meshing theory. The paper has deduced the spiral equations which easy to be used in UG according the processing & forming principle of spiral bevel gears and realized the accurate 3D parametric modeling of the spiral bevel gears with spherical involute by used the parametric modeling method of expressions.
The paper used UG/OPEN secondary development and Visual C++ and Access databases to establish the parameterized design system of straight bevel gears according to simple structure of the differential’s bevel gears, which have good representative. Carry out the procedural fast modeling of the spherical involutes’straight bevel gear under the mixed procedure of UG/OPEN GRIP and UG/OPEN API to improve modeling efficiency.
In the modual of UG, accomplish the model of the differential shell based on the assembly size of the differential gears, and to realize the design method of top-down 3D parametric modeling and the interference check after the total assembly of the reducer. Established the motion analysis program to realize the movement simulation and interference check and measuring clearance etc, which validate design rationality of the gear movement institution under the senior simulation environment of UG.
引文
[1]中国汽车工业协会. 2009年中国汽车产销量世界第一[EB/OL].(2010-8-10). [2010-12-01]. http://rent.soufun.com/rent/news/3652036.htm.
[2]胡磊.汽车主减速器螺旋锥齿轮参数化建模与有限元分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2008
[3] Gleason system for spiral gear, 1989(9): 20-34
[4]蔡青,高光寿. CAD/CAM系统的可视化、集成化、智能化、网络化[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社, 1996
[5]赵汝嘉. CAD基础理论及应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1995
[6] Tamas Varady, Ralph Martin, Jordan Cox. Reverse engineering of geometric models-An introduction. Computer Aided Design, 1997(4):29-30
[7]苏春.数字化设计与制造[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:85-90
[8]金艳,胡建军,周全义.数字化技术在汽车设计制造中的应用[J].重庆工学院学报(自然科学), 2008,22(06): 16-18
[9]黄艳.机械CAD/CAM集成系统的发展趋势[J].技术创新与管理, 2008, 29(1):76-80
[10]严婷.基于UG的三维参数化标准件库的研究与开发[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2007
[11] Paterson, Jim. Using CAD imaging in training and development of engineers. Sturctura1 Engineer. 2003(3):23-25
[12]宁汝新,徐弘山.机械制造中的CAD/CAM技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1991
[13] We Eder. Design modeling a design science approach [J]. Journal of Engineering Design, 1998(4):353-371
[14] Ventura Rick J, MignoletMarc P, Kulkarni Harihar T.“Good”Parts-“Bad”Parts- discrimination. An ARX modeling approach.Proc SPIE Int Soc OptEng, 2002:1279- 1285
[15]黄翔,李迎光. UG应用开发教程与实例精解.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[16]李新华.基于特征的参数化齿轮系统的二次开发.林业机械与木工设备, 2002(8):18-20
[17]朱凤芹.基于Pro/E的标准渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮参数化设计[J].机械设计与制造, 2005(8):15-17
[18] Osman T.A., Abdel-Aal U.M., ElkenanyA.H.et al. Development of intelligent CAD for the design of mechanical systems [J]. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 2001,48(5):937-953
[19] Y.M.Deng, YC.Lam, S.B.Tor, et al. A CAD-CAE Integrated Injection Molding Design System [J]. Engineering with Computer, 2002(18):80-92
[20] Duan W., Zhou J., Lai K.. FSMT: a Feature Solid-Modeling Tool for Feature based Design and Manufacture.Computer assisted design, 1993,25(1):29-38
[21]李佳.计算机辅助设计与制造.天津:天津大学出版社,2001:32-33
[22] Gao H., Zhao K., Lu Y..Development of 3-D parameterized design system for involute gear parts.Advances in Materials Manufacturing Science and Technology,2004,(11):230-233
[23] Yan Bingbing, Ren Fujun, Yan Chenggang.Parameterized Design of Mechanical Structure of Move-in-mud Robot, 2006, (12):120-124
[24] Nahm Y.E., Ishikawa H.. New 3D-CAD system for set-based parametric design[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2006,29(1):137-150
[25] Marques Davis, Woodbury Robert. Using rule based selection to support change inparametric CAD models [J]. Computer Science, 2006(6):230-235
[26]张冶,洪雪,张泽帮. Unigraphics NX参数化设计实例教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003:9-10
[27]罗海玉,牛永红.基于特征的机械产品三维参数化造型研究[J].机械研究与应用, 2005,18(3):100-101
[28] Roller D.. Design by Feature-An Approach to High Level Shape Manipulations [J]. Computer Industry, 1989,12(3):185-191
[29] Zhai Jianjun, Chen Wenliang, Huang Xiang.An Approach to Feature-based Parametric Design for Die and Mould [J]. Transactions of Nanjing University Aeronautics&Astronautics, 1995,(2):168-171
[30]刘莉莉.利用UG草图实现模型的参数化设计[J]. CAD/CAM与制造业信息化, 2003(11):64-66
[31]林琳,李江,代勇, UG NX5.0中文版入门实战与提高[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2009:331-353
[32]莫蓉,常智勇,刘红军等.图表详解UGNX二次开发.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008
[33]夏天. UG二次开发技术基础[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005
[34]黄勇,张博林. UG二次开发与数据库应用基础典型范例[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2008
[35]徐晓刚.Visual C++6.0入门与提高[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1999
[36]百度知道.差速器的工作原理[EB/OL].(2006-03-03). [2010-12-01]. http:// zhidao.baidu.com/question/4064673.html.
[37]陈霞.直齿锥齿轮修形方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2008
[38]何雪明,吴晓光,王宗才.机械CAD/CAM基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版, 2008
[39] M.S.Shunmugam, B.Subba Rao, V.Jayaprakash. Establishing Gear Tooth Surface Geometry and Normal Deviation: Part II-bevel gears [J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory,1998,33(5): 525-528
[40]谷凤民,周亮,段建中等.弧齿锥齿轮的一种新型精确设计方法[J].机械设计与制造, 2008(12):12-13
[41]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册(第三卷)[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004
[42]胡新蕾.基于UG的弧面分度凸轮机构的参数化设计及仿真分析[D].青岛:青岛大学, 2009
[43]张云静,张云杰. UG NX5.0装配与产品设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 2009:284-360
[44]胡小康. UG NX4运动分析培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[45]李亚昆.三维动画及运动仿真技术的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2004:4-5
[46]李畅,李建军,温建勇等.基于UG的关联设计技术及其在级进模CAD系统中的应用[J].中国机械工程, 2002,13(22):1967-1970
[47] Zachert J.,Michaeli W.. Simulation and analysis of three-dimensional polymer flow in injection molding [J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 1998,17 (10): 955-962
[2]胡磊.汽车主减速器螺旋锥齿轮参数化建模与有限元分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学, 2008
[3] Gleason system for spiral gear, 1989(9): 20-34
[4]蔡青,高光寿. CAD/CAM系统的可视化、集成化、智能化、网络化[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社, 1996
[5]赵汝嘉. CAD基础理论及应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1995
[6] Tamas Varady, Ralph Martin, Jordan Cox. Reverse engineering of geometric models-An introduction. Computer Aided Design, 1997(4):29-30
[7]苏春.数字化设计与制造[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:85-90
[8]金艳,胡建军,周全义.数字化技术在汽车设计制造中的应用[J].重庆工学院学报(自然科学), 2008,22(06): 16-18
[9]黄艳.机械CAD/CAM集成系统的发展趋势[J].技术创新与管理, 2008, 29(1):76-80
[10]严婷.基于UG的三维参数化标准件库的研究与开发[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2007
[11] Paterson, Jim. Using CAD imaging in training and development of engineers. Sturctura1 Engineer. 2003(3):23-25
[12]宁汝新,徐弘山.机械制造中的CAD/CAM技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1991
[13] We Eder. Design modeling a design science approach [J]. Journal of Engineering Design, 1998(4):353-371
[14] Ventura Rick J, MignoletMarc P, Kulkarni Harihar T.“Good”Parts-“Bad”Parts- discrimination. An ARX modeling approach.Proc SPIE Int Soc OptEng, 2002:1279- 1285
[15]黄翔,李迎光. UG应用开发教程与实例精解.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[16]李新华.基于特征的参数化齿轮系统的二次开发.林业机械与木工设备, 2002(8):18-20
[17]朱凤芹.基于Pro/E的标准渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮参数化设计[J].机械设计与制造, 2005(8):15-17
[18] Osman T.A., Abdel-Aal U.M., ElkenanyA.H.et al. Development of intelligent CAD for the design of mechanical systems [J]. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 2001,48(5):937-953
[19] Y.M.Deng, YC.Lam, S.B.Tor, et al. A CAD-CAE Integrated Injection Molding Design System [J]. Engineering with Computer, 2002(18):80-92
[20] Duan W., Zhou J., Lai K.. FSMT: a Feature Solid-Modeling Tool for Feature based Design and Manufacture.Computer assisted design, 1993,25(1):29-38
[21]李佳.计算机辅助设计与制造.天津:天津大学出版社,2001:32-33
[22] Gao H., Zhao K., Lu Y..Development of 3-D parameterized design system for involute gear parts.Advances in Materials Manufacturing Science and Technology,2004,(11):230-233
[23] Yan Bingbing, Ren Fujun, Yan Chenggang.Parameterized Design of Mechanical Structure of Move-in-mud Robot, 2006, (12):120-124
[24] Nahm Y.E., Ishikawa H.. New 3D-CAD system for set-based parametric design[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2006,29(1):137-150
[25] Marques Davis, Woodbury Robert. Using rule based selection to support change inparametric CAD models [J]. Computer Science, 2006(6):230-235
[26]张冶,洪雪,张泽帮. Unigraphics NX参数化设计实例教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003:9-10
[27]罗海玉,牛永红.基于特征的机械产品三维参数化造型研究[J].机械研究与应用, 2005,18(3):100-101
[28] Roller D.. Design by Feature-An Approach to High Level Shape Manipulations [J]. Computer Industry, 1989,12(3):185-191
[29] Zhai Jianjun, Chen Wenliang, Huang Xiang.An Approach to Feature-based Parametric Design for Die and Mould [J]. Transactions of Nanjing University Aeronautics&Astronautics, 1995,(2):168-171
[30]刘莉莉.利用UG草图实现模型的参数化设计[J]. CAD/CAM与制造业信息化, 2003(11):64-66
[31]林琳,李江,代勇, UG NX5.0中文版入门实战与提高[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2009:331-353
[32]莫蓉,常智勇,刘红军等.图表详解UGNX二次开发.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008
[33]夏天. UG二次开发技术基础[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005
[34]黄勇,张博林. UG二次开发与数据库应用基础典型范例[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2008
[35]徐晓刚.Visual C++6.0入门与提高[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1999
[36]百度知道.差速器的工作原理[EB/OL].(2006-03-03). [2010-12-01]. http:// zhidao.baidu.com/question/4064673.html.
[37]陈霞.直齿锥齿轮修形方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2008
[38]何雪明,吴晓光,王宗才.机械CAD/CAM基础[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版, 2008
[39] M.S.Shunmugam, B.Subba Rao, V.Jayaprakash. Establishing Gear Tooth Surface Geometry and Normal Deviation: Part II-bevel gears [J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory,1998,33(5): 525-528
[40]谷凤民,周亮,段建中等.弧齿锥齿轮的一种新型精确设计方法[J].机械设计与制造, 2008(12):12-13
[41]机械设计手册编委会.机械设计手册(第三卷)[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004
[42]胡新蕾.基于UG的弧面分度凸轮机构的参数化设计及仿真分析[D].青岛:青岛大学, 2009
[43]张云静,张云杰. UG NX5.0装配与产品设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 2009:284-360
[44]胡小康. UG NX4运动分析培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[45]李亚昆.三维动画及运动仿真技术的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学, 2004:4-5
[46]李畅,李建军,温建勇等.基于UG的关联设计技术及其在级进模CAD系统中的应用[J].中国机械工程, 2002,13(22):1967-1970
[47] Zachert J.,Michaeli W.. Simulation and analysis of three-dimensional polymer flow in injection molding [J]. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 1998,17 (10): 955-962