用户名: 密码: 验证码:
黑龙江区域土地利用变化机制与对策研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
黑龙江区域有我国最大的天然林区,又有辽阔的松嫩平原和三江平原。该区域有浩瀚的原始森林,广阔的大草原和肥沃的黑土地,长期以来作为国家重要的木材生产基地和著名的商品粮生产基地,为国家的经济建设做出重大贡献。该区域土地面积大,人均占有耕地和林地均居全国首位。1996年黑龙江人均耕地0.32hm~2,是全国人均耕地的2.9倍;人均林地面积0.56hm~2,是全国人均林地面积的3.4倍;森林覆盖率为46%,是全国森林覆盖率的3倍多。但由于该区域地处高寒地带,农业生产气候条件较差,农业投入不足,农田基础设施薄弱,在长期以粮食生产为目标的前提下,在国家政策引导和农民利益的驱动下,盲目毁林、毁草和破坏湿地进行开垦,经过建国后50年来的开发建设,整个土地利用环境发生了很大变化。特别是中国加入WTO以后,将对黑龙江区域的农业带来重大影响,在土地利用结构和方向上也必将进行重大调整。
     本文从黑龙江区域土地利用演变的历史过程出发,通过重点分析1986~1996年土地利用结构的变化,找出土地利用结构变化与土地环境质量变化的相关关系,对土地利用趋势进行分析和预测。在土地利用自然环境分析与评价及土地生态质量变化分析与评价的基础上,找出土地利用变化的机制和原因,为科学制定土地利用开发决策及开发整治措施提供依据。
     本文从黑龙江区域土地利用的时间变化和土地利用空间结构变化两个方面出发,在对影响土地利用的自然因素和社会经济因素分析的基础上,通过黑龙江区域农用地自然生产潜力地域变化趋势的研究及水质概况评价,提出了黑龙江区域土地利用开发和保护的总体战略。该项目的研究,为保证黑龙江区域总体经济发展目标实施,建成国家重要的商品粮和绿色食品生产基地,为实现黑龙江区域土地资源的可持续利用和社会经济的可持续发展提供重要的理论依据。
In Heilongjiang province, there is the biggest natural forest area in China, and there are vast Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.On people's impression,it is in this region that there is vast primeval forest, wide prairie and fertile black field.As a famous productive base of log and commodity grain in China, Heilongjiang province has made a great contribution to our country. Land areas of this region is large, the areas per person of field and woodland are the biggest in the whole country. In 1996,the area per person of field is 0.32 ha, is the 2.9 times to whole country; the area per person of woodland is 0.56 ha, 3.4 times to whole country. Percentage of forest cover is 46%, over 3 times to the whole country. However, Heilongjiang province lies in the Frigid Zone, and agricultural climate condition is worse. The input in the agriculture is not enough,and basic field installation weakens. Because of all above, woodland, grassland and wetland have been developed to field under the final goal of foodstuff pr
    oduction for a long time,in the direction of country policy and on the drive of farmer's profit. The land utilization environment has been changed greatly after development and construction for 50 years since P.R.China establishment. RRXhina will enter WTO, particularly, that will affect to Heilongjiang agriculture greatly, so the large adjustment will have been done in the land utilization composition and direction.
    On this essay, the course of changeable history of land utilization composition is set about, then, correlation analysis on changing to land utilization composition from 1986 to 1996 has been done, at the same time, analyses and forecasts of the land utilization trends has been finished. On the basic of analysis and evaluation on natural environment of land utilization and on quality changing of land ecology, this essay finds out the course and mechanism of land utilization and provides basis to designing scientific policy decision on land utilization and development on valid renovation measure.
    On the essay, duration changing and space composition varying on land utilization is set about, Then, on the basic of analysis on natural factors and social economic factors affected to land utilization, by which regional changing trend on potential productivity of field in Heilongjiang have been studied, and adoption to correlation analysis and dustering the general policy of the development and protection to land utilization of Heilongjiang province is provided. This project provides the important theoretical basis on realization of the execution for goal of generally economic development, on establishment one the important productive base of green foodstuff and food production, on utilization to land resources sustainable and development of social economics sustainable.
引文
1.中国国土经济研究会编.国土经济学,中国展望出版社.北京 1982
    2.王万茂主编.土地利用规划学,科学出版社.北京 1996
    3.王良健等.梧州市土利用变化驱动力研究,经济地理.1999(4):74-79
    4.王育民编.改革大潮中的中国农业,中国农业科技出版社.北京 1993
    5.冯玉华等主编.土地经济学,华南理工大学出版社.广州 1995
    6.史培军等.深圳市土地利用变化机制分析,地理学报.2000(2) 151-159
    7.刘书楷主编.土地经济学原理,江苏科学技术出版社.南京 1988
    8.刘锦成,雷国平.黑龙江土地利用总体规划研究,黑龙江教育出版社.1999
    9.朱奉圭著,权光男译.土地经济学,法律出版社,北京 1991
    10.朱金仓等著.农业土地经济论,气象出版社,北京 1989
    11.毕宝德等主编.土地经济学,中国人民大学出版社.北京 第五次印 1995.12
    12.许牧等译,乌达钦著.土地理论规划理论问题,农业出版社.北京 1960
    13.吴光宗.现代科技革命与现代社会,北京航空航天大学出版社.北京 1995.
    14.张尧庭,方开泰著.多元统计分析引论,科学出版社.北京 1982
    15.张忠城等主编.黑龙江省农产品价格概览,中国物价出版社. 北京 1990
    16.张明.区域土地利用结构及其驱动因子的统计分析,自然资源学报.1999(4):381-384
    17.张德粹教授著.土地经济学,国立编译馆出版.1991
    18.张薰华等主编.土地经济学,上海人民出版社.1987
    19.李元主编.生存与发展,中国大地出版社.北京 1997.7
    20.李应中等.三江平原开发回顾,国土与自然源资研究 1998(1):15-19
    21.李荣敖.土地资源评价与管理,中国环境科学出版社.北京 1992
    22.李鸿昌等主编.城市土地经济,科学普及出版社广州分社.1988
    23.谷树忠译,[美] 雷利·巴洛维著.北京大学出版社.1989.5
    24.辛德惠.土地利用,农业出版社.北京 1985.
    25.陆大道,郭来喜.地理学的研究核心——人地关系地域系统,地理学报.1998(2):97-105
    26.陆红生,韩桐魁.土地利用与管理手册,陕西人民出版社.1987
    27.陆红生.土地统计学,江苏科学技术出版社.1989
    28.陆学艺.中国新时期社会发展报告(1991-1995),辽宁人民出版社.沈阳1997
    29.陈吉元.人口大国的农业增长,上海远东出版社.上海 1996
    30.陈躬林等主编.当代西方经济学,哈尔滨出版社.1993
    31.周城主编.土地经济学,农业出版社.北京 1989
    32.周晓峰,王传宽.黑龙江流域的生态.脆弱性及林业对策,林业科学.1997:(2)98-105
    33.国家土地局宣教育司译,(加)歌德伯戈等著.城市土地经济学.北京 1990
    34.国家土地管理局外事司译.俄罗斯土地资源管理.1988
    35.孟宪民等.松嫩流域特大洪水的醒示:湿地功能的再认识,自然资源学报.1999(1):14-21
    36.林培,梁学庆.土地资源学,北京农业大学出版社.北京 1991
    37.罗凤莲,黑龙江流域水文概论,学苑出版社.北京 1996
    38.赵绍棣等译.房龙著(美) 房龙地理.国际文化出版公司.北京 1998
    
    
    39.郝晋珉著.土地利用控制,中国农业科技出版社.北京 1996
    40.倪丽泓泽.联邦德国 R.普拉特著,农业市场政策基本原理,中国农业大学出版.北京1990
    41.晏智杰著.古典经济学,北京大学出版社.1998
    42.崔太康主编.土地经济学,中国广播电视出版社.北京 1991
    43.章植著.土地经济学,黎明书局.1930
    44.黄贤舍著.土地政策学.中国矿业大学出版社.1995
    45.黄奕妙等编著.资源经济学,北京农业大学出版社.1998
    46.谢高地等.人口增长胁迫下,全球土地利用变化的研究,自然资源学报.1999(3):193-195
    47.傅伯杰等.土地可持续利用评价的指标体系与方法,自然资源学报.1992(2):112-118
    48.董德显著.土地利用规划,中国展望出版社.北京 1990
    49.董黎明等编.城镇土地分等定级原理与方法,地震出版社.北京 1992
    50.蒋敏元等编著.森林资源经济学,东北林业大学出版社.哈尔滨 1991
    51.韩曰午主编.黑龙江自然环境与保护,哈尔滨工程大学出版社.哈尔滨 1996
    52.黑龙江省土地局编印.土地规划利用和耕地保护.哈尔滨 1995
    53.黑龙江省农业环保监测站编.农业环境监察员手册.哈尔滨 1993
    54.塞风主编,开放条件下比较利益研究,中国人民大学出版社.北京 1990
    55.摆万奇,赵士洞.土地利用和土地覆盖变化研究模型综述,自然资源学报.199(2):169-175
    56.雍国玮主编.土地利用现状调查的理论与实践,成都地图出版社.1991
    57.滕维藻译,(美)伊利和莫尔豪斯著.土地经济学原理,商务印书馆.1982
    58.潘家华著.持续发展途径的经济学分析,中国人民大学出版社.北京 1997
    1.Dale V H, Southworth F, O'Neill R V et al. Lectures on Mathematics in Life Sciences: Simulating patterns of land-use change in Rondonia, Brazil. 1993(23): 29~55
    2.Fischer G, Frohberg K, Parry M L et al. Climate change and world food supply, demand and trade: Who benefits, who loses? Global Environmental Change,. 1994. 4(1): 7~23
    3.Fu Bojie, Gulinck H, Land evaluation in area of severe erosion: the loess plateau of China. Land Degradation &Rehabilitation. 1994. 5(1):33-40
    4.IGBP/HDP. Land-Use and Land-cover Change Science/Research Plan, IGBP Rep, 1995(35) and HDP Rep. 1995(7)
    5.Leemans R, Ge Zuidema. Trends in Ecology, Evolution: Evaluating changes in land cover and their importance for global change. 1995(10): 76~81
    6.Riebsame W E, Meyer W B, Turner B L. Climatic Change: Modeling land use and cover as part of global environmental change. 1994 (28): 45~64
    7.Riebsame W E, Parton W J, Galvin K A et al. Bioscience. Integrated modeling of land use cover change.1994, 44(5): 350~356
    8.Stomph T J, Fresco L O, van Keulen H. land use system evaluation: concepts and methodology, Agricultural systems. 1994(44):243~255
    9.Turnner M G. Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annu pev Ecol syst. 1989(20);172~197

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700