上实东滩土、水盐碱性与适生植物的研究
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摘要
针对上实东滩土水盐碱化与开发建设的矛盾,开展了该区域土、水盐碱性分析与改良对策研究,为总体规划和产业规划提供技术支撑。在27hm2的10个样区采集了土样、地下水水样、地表水样。进行土壤以及地表水和地下水的主要特征性状的测试分析。结果表明:土壤pH偏高,碱性土壤占60.7%,强碱性土壤高达24.7%;土壤EC值>0.7 mS·cm-1为28.09%,有的甚至高达3.885 mS·cm-1;土壤有机质含量有50.56%分布在10 g·kg-1以下,缺磷土壤为33.33%,土壤速效钾含量丰富;土壤质地为轻壤土~重壤土,57.3%的土壤为轻盐化土,其次为21.35%的土壤属中盐化土,但有的盐分已高达7.5~10.87 g·kg-1;12个地表水样品均符合标准;地下水含盐量较高,且主要为Na+和Cl-,,达到Ⅳ类地下水的仅为7.14%,而>450 mg·L-1达78.57%。根据土水质量分析和评价结果,以开发和利用盐渍土为出发点,提出了改良利用土地资源的综合措施,并推荐了一定的适生植物。
Aim at the conflict between the salt in the soil and water of the park and the exploitation, we developed the research of the salt of the soil and water there and improvement countermeasure to provide the technical support for master plan and industrial programming. Selectively, soil samples were gathered, including ground water samples and surface water samples, totally 27 hm2 in 10 areas, and analyzed the main character of the soil, the surface water and the ground water. The results showed that: Soil pH was relatively high, alkaline soil accounted for 60.7%, strong alkaline soil 24.7%; Soil EC >0.7 mS·cm-1 could be 28.09%, some even as high as 3.885 mS·cm-1; Soil organic content was of 50.56% that was in 10 g·kg-1;There was 33.33% of the soil lacking of phosphorus, the soil was rich in potassium; Soil texture was light to heavy loam, 57.3% of the soil was light salinized soil, followed by 21.35% was neutral salinized soil, but some had been salty as high as 7.5~10.87 g·kg-1. 12 of which were up to standard. The ground water has a high saltness. Most of the salt hydronium is Na+ and Cl-. The average value is 1.10±0.97 g·kg-1. The samples reaching theⅣground water Class guide line is only 7.14%, in which higher than 450 mg·L-1 is 78.57%. According to the results of soil-water quality analysis and evaluation, and for the development and use of saline soil as the starting point, the study raised the comprehensive measures for improving and using land resources as well as recommending some living suited plants.
Aim at the conflict between the salt in the soil and water of the park and the exploitation, we developed the research of the salt of the soil and water there and improvement countermeasure to provide the technical support for master plan and industrial programming. Selectively, soil samples were gathered, including ground water samples and surface water samples, totally 27 hm2 in 10 areas, and analyzed the main character of the soil, the surface water and the ground water. The results showed that: Soil pH was relatively high, alkaline soil accounted for 60.7%, strong alkaline soil 24.7%; Soil EC >0.7 mS·cm-1 could be 28.09%, some even as high as 3.885 mS·cm-1; Soil organic content was of 50.56% that was in 10 g·kg-1;There was 33.33% of the soil lacking of phosphorus, the soil was rich in potassium; Soil texture was light to heavy loam, 57.3% of the soil was light salinized soil, followed by 21.35% was neutral salinized soil, but some had been salty as high as 7.5~10.87 g·kg-1. 12 of which were up to standard. The ground water has a high saltness. Most of the salt hydronium is Na+ and Cl-. The average value is 1.10±0.97 g·kg-1. The samples reaching theⅣground water Class guide line is only 7.14%, in which higher than 450 mg·L-1 is 78.57%. According to the results of soil-water quality analysis and evaluation, and for the development and use of saline soil as the starting point, the study raised the comprehensive measures for improving and using land resources as well as recommending some living suited plants.
引文
[1] 王遵亲,祝寿泉,俞仁培,等. 中国盐渍土[M] . 北京:科学出版社,1993.
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[5] 陆健健,何文珊,童春富,等.崇明东滩EDD的规划理念和建设范式[C]// 马成墚.崇明东滩生态化建设高层论坛文集.上海:同济大学出版社,2005:128-129.
[6] 张文渊.滨海地区盐碱土类型与形成条件分析[J].水土保持通报,1999,19(1):19-23.
[7] 王永土,傅庆林.盐渍荒涂造田改土技术[J].土壤肥料,1998,(5):42-44.
[8] 石普芳,林百合.海水倒灌农田土壤盐分的变化状况和治理措施的调查[J].浙江农业科学,1998 (4):173-175.
[9] 陈冠文,宁新柱.盐碱土壤种植制度与土壤盐分的关系[J].中国农学通报,2000 (4):37-39.
[10] 周丕生,周春华,唐亮,等.上海野生动物园土壤性状及其综合评价[J].上海农学院学报,1996,14(3):153-158.
[11] 尹伯仁,周丕生,方海兰,等.上海大树移植本底土的质量调查与评价[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2004,22(4):373-377.
[12] 国家林业局.森林土壤分析方法(中华人民共和国林业行业标准 LY/T1210~1275-1999) [M].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[13] GB-T14848-93,地下水质量标准(中华人民共和国国家标准) [S].
[14] GB5084-92,农田灌溉水质标准(中华人民共和国国家标准) [S].
[2] Szaboles (匈牙利).盐渍土是个世界性的问题[C]// 国际盐渍土改良学术讨论会论文集.北京:北京农业大学出版社,1985:7-8.
[3] 国家环境保护总局. 一九九七年中国环境状况公报[N] .人民日报,1998-06-26.
[4] 齐芳. 我国耕地面积已接近警戒线[EB/OL] .(2005-05-24)[2006-11-08] http://www. gmw.cn/01gmrb/2005-05/24/content_237373.htm.
[5] 陆健健,何文珊,童春富,等.崇明东滩EDD的规划理念和建设范式[C]// 马成墚.崇明东滩生态化建设高层论坛文集.上海:同济大学出版社,2005:128-129.
[6] 张文渊.滨海地区盐碱土类型与形成条件分析[J].水土保持通报,1999,19(1):19-23.
[7] 王永土,傅庆林.盐渍荒涂造田改土技术[J].土壤肥料,1998,(5):42-44.
[8] 石普芳,林百合.海水倒灌农田土壤盐分的变化状况和治理措施的调查[J].浙江农业科学,1998 (4):173-175.
[9] 陈冠文,宁新柱.盐碱土壤种植制度与土壤盐分的关系[J].中国农学通报,2000 (4):37-39.
[10] 周丕生,周春华,唐亮,等.上海野生动物园土壤性状及其综合评价[J].上海农学院学报,1996,14(3):153-158.
[11] 尹伯仁,周丕生,方海兰,等.上海大树移植本底土的质量调查与评价[J].上海交通大学学报:农业科学版,2004,22(4):373-377.
[12] 国家林业局.森林土壤分析方法(中华人民共和国林业行业标准 LY/T1210~1275-1999) [M].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[13] GB-T14848-93,地下水质量标准(中华人民共和国国家标准) [S].
[14] GB5084-92,农田灌溉水质标准(中华人民共和国国家标准) [S].