金属耐性植物内生细菌对油菜耐受与富集重金属的影响及其机制研究
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摘要
土壤重金属污染生物修复是一种成本低廉、易于操作且环境友好的新兴原位修复技术,而植物内生细菌可以通过多种作用方式影响植物的生长和植物对重金属的耐受和富集,在重金属污染土壤植物-微生物联合修复中起到极其重要的作用。通过分离筛选重金属耐性植物内生植物促生细菌,不仅可以丰富植物促生细菌的菌种资源库,而且为发展重金属污染土壤植物-微生物联合修复提供理论依据和新的技术途径。
从汤山铜矿废弃地和栖霞山铅锌银矿区周边采集野菊、鬼针草、土荆芥等10种重金属耐性植物,以1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)为唯一氮源,分离筛选产ACC脱氨酶植物内生细菌,同时研究菌株产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、铁载体、精氨酸脱羧酶以及溶解难溶性磷酸盐等其他植物促生特性。从上述重金属耐性植物中共分离筛选到产ACC脱氨酶并且兼具其他植物促生特性的植物内生细菌20株,其中从铜耐性植物中分离筛选得到8株,铅耐性植物中分离筛选到12株。供试20株植物内生细菌对重金属Cu、Cd、Pb和Ni都有一定的抗性,其中菌株Y1-3-9、Jp3-3、J1-22-2、Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2和Q2BG1表现出较高的ACC脱氨酶活性(120.3-369.6μMh-1mg-1).通过16S rRNA基因序列测定与分析,供试20株植物内生细菌分属于Pantoea、Ralstonia、 Pseudomonas、Bacillus、Acinetobacter和Agrobacterium等6个属。
砂培条件下,以生物量大、生长快、具有一定耐性的油菜作为供试植物,研究Cu/Pb胁迫下,6株高产ACC脱氨酶植物内生细菌对油菜生长和吸收重金属的影响。结果表明,在不加重金属条件下,与对照相比,供试菌株使油菜的生物量增加了31.5%-166.8%；在Cu (2.5-5.0mg L-1)胁迫下,与对照相比,供试菌株Y1-3-9、Jp3-3和J1-22-2使油菜的生物量增加了24%-167%,铜含量增加了86.4%-192.6%,铜的积累量增加了43.3%-124.4%；在Pb50mg L-1处理下,供试菌株对油菜生物量影响不明显,与对照相比,菌株Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2和Q2BG1使油菜体内Pb浓度和积累量上升了34.6%-175%和84.0%-147%,Pb100mg L-1处理下,菌株Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2和Q2BG1使油菜生物量增加了34.5%-72.2%、Pb含量增加了156%-310%,Pb的积累量增加了28.6%-325%；另外,在Pb50mg L-1处理的砂培条件下,供试菌株Q2EJ2和Q2BJ2使油菜的铅转运系数上升,与不接菌处理的转运系数(0.575)相比,接菌Q2EJ2和Q2BJ2的转运系数分别上升到1.399和1.049,说明菌株在一定程度上增强了油菜的超富集能力。
采用汤山铜矿废弃地和栖霞山铅锌银矿区周边采集的重金属污染的农田土壤,选取高产ACC脱氨酶的植物内生促生细菌Y1-3-9、Jp3-3和另外两株具有精氨酸脱羧酶活性的植物内生促生细菌Q2EY2和Q1BY6,研究其促进油菜修复土壤重金属污染效应及机制。在原位污染土壤的盆栽修复试验中,与对照相比,菌株Y1-3-9、Jp3-3、Q2EY2和Q1BY6使油菜的生物量增加了24.4%-124%,Cu/Pb吸收浓度提高了55.8%-685%,油菜体内Cu/Pb的积累量上升了46%-494%. PCR-DGGE结果表明,接种植物内生促生菌株对油菜根际土壤细菌群落结构影响不明显,对油菜根内生细菌群落结构产生了一定的影响。
接种植物内生促生细菌Q1BY6后,油菜的叶绿素含量显著上升。与接灭活菌对照相比,接菌(Y1-3-9、Jp3-3和Q1BY6)处理显著提高了油菜叶内乙酸含量,另外接菌(Q1BY6)处理油菜根内柠檬酸含量比接灭活菌对照提高了16.4%,接菌(Jp3-3、Q1BY6和Q2EY2)处理油菜根内丁二酸含量达2036-4869μgkg-1,而接灭活菌对照根内未检测到丁二酸。接种菌株Y1-3-9和Q2EY2还使油菜体内游离(亚精胺+精胺)/游离腐胺比值有所升高,另外,接菌处理油菜体内游离腐胺含量比对照降低1.7-398.9%；接种菌株Jp3-3和Y1-3-9处理油菜体内植物螯合肽含量分别比对照提高了22.5%和256%。
Phytoremediation is an emerging in-situ remediation technology due to its less cost, convenient operation and friendly-environment for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. A large number of microorganisms which colonized plant tissue interior can affect growth and heavy metal accumulation of plants in heavy metal-polluted environment by many approaches. Therefore, endophytic bacteria play an important role in bacteria-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. By isolating plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria and utilization for remediation, we can not only improve the remediation efficiency and enrich microbial resource librarys, but also elucidate certain mechanisms on how plant growth promoting endophyte improve the biomass of plant and uptake of metals in heavy metal-polluted environments.
Twenty1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing strains were isolated from chrgsanthemum indicum, bidens pilosa and chenopodium ambrosioides heavy metal-tolerant plant species in mining area and characterized with respect to metal resistance, production of ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores and mineral phosphate solubilization. Eight strains were isolated from Cu-tolerant plants in Tangshan Cu mine wasteland and the other twelve strains were isolated from qixiashan Lead-Zinc mine tailing. All twenty strains have different heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni) resistance, of which six strains (Y1-3-9、Jp3-3、J1-22-2、Q2BJ2、Q2EJ2、Q2BG1) could produce high level of ACC deaminase (120.3-369.6μM h-1mg-1). The twenty strains were identified as Pantoea%Ralstonia、Pseudomonas、Bacillus、Acinetobacter and Agrobacterium based on16S rRNA gene sequencesanalyses.
We selected Brassica napus for phytoremediation in pot experiment to investigate the effect of ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria on the growth and Cu/Pb accumulation of the plant in quartz sand with copper/lead stress. The results indicated that all six strains with high level of ACC deaminase activity have ability to increase the biomass of Brassica napus in the absence of heavy metal stress, and strains Y1-3-9, Jp3-3and J1-22-2could increase the dry weight (24.3-166.8%), Cu content (86.4-192.6%) and total Cu uptake (43.3-124.4%) of Brassica napus in the presence of2.5and5mg kg-1of Cu2+. In the presence of50mg L"1lead, the test strains did not influence the Brassica napus biomass significantly, however, the strains Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2and Q2BG1increased the Pb contents by34.6%to175%and the total Pb uptake from84.0%to147%. In experiments involving Brassica napus grown in quartz sand containing100mg kg-1of Pb, inoculation with the isolates (Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2and Q2BG1) resulted in the increased dry weights (ranging from34.5%to72.2%), lead contents (ranging from156%to310%) and total lead uptake (ranging from28.6%to325%) of Brassica napus compared to the uninoculated control. Strains Q2EJ2and Q2BJ2increased the translocation factor of Pb (1.399and1.049respectively) in the Brassica napus compared with the uninoculation control (0.575), suggesting that bacterial inoculation may influence the translocation factor and metal hyperaccumulating ability of Brassica napus.
The mechanism and effect of the growth-promoting endophytic bacteria on microbial-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted-soil were investigated in pot experiment using in-situ polluted soil collected from Tangshan Cu mine and Qixiashan Pb/Zn mine. Two strains (Y1-3-9and Jp3-3) with high-level of ACC deaminase activity and other two strains (Q2EY2and Q1BY6) that can produce arginine decarboxylase were seleced for pot experiments.
Pot experiment showed that inoculation with the strains (Y1-3-9, Jp3-3, Q2EY2and Q1BY6) could increase the biomass of rape by24.4-124%, the Cu/Pb contents by55.8-685%and total Cu/Pb uptake by46-494%compare to the controls. In the experiment involving Brassica napus grown in in-situ heavy metal polluted soil, the analyses of PCR-DGGE revealed that the endophytic bacterial community in the roots of Brassica napus was influenced more obviously by the test strains compared with the rhizosphere bacterial community of Brassica napus.
Inoculation with strain Q1BY6resulted in increased relative chlorophyll cotent in leaves in Brassica napus. The content of acetic acid in shoots of Brassica napus was increased by inoculating strains Y1-3-9, Jp3-3and Q1BY6compared with controls and the content of citric acid was significantly increased by16.4%by inoculation with strain Q1BY6. The strains Y1-3-9, Jp3-3and Q1BY6induced root tissues of Brassica napus to produce succinic acid. Inoculation with strains Y1-3-9, Q2EY2and Q1BY6can reduce free putrescine contents of rape to1.7-398.9%compared to controls and inoculation with the strains Yl-3-9and Q2EY2increased value of (Spd+Spm)/Put. The content of phytochelatin was increased by22.5%-256%by inoculation with strains Y1-3-9and Jp3-3and indicated that srains can alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals to Brassica napus.
从汤山铜矿废弃地和栖霞山铅锌银矿区周边采集野菊、鬼针草、土荆芥等10种重金属耐性植物,以1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)为唯一氮源,分离筛选产ACC脱氨酶植物内生细菌,同时研究菌株产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、铁载体、精氨酸脱羧酶以及溶解难溶性磷酸盐等其他植物促生特性。从上述重金属耐性植物中共分离筛选到产ACC脱氨酶并且兼具其他植物促生特性的植物内生细菌20株,其中从铜耐性植物中分离筛选得到8株,铅耐性植物中分离筛选到12株。供试20株植物内生细菌对重金属Cu、Cd、Pb和Ni都有一定的抗性,其中菌株Y1-3-9、Jp3-3、J1-22-2、Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2和Q2BG1表现出较高的ACC脱氨酶活性(120.3-369.6μMh-1mg-1).通过16S rRNA基因序列测定与分析,供试20株植物内生细菌分属于Pantoea、Ralstonia、 Pseudomonas、Bacillus、Acinetobacter和Agrobacterium等6个属。
砂培条件下,以生物量大、生长快、具有一定耐性的油菜作为供试植物,研究Cu/Pb胁迫下,6株高产ACC脱氨酶植物内生细菌对油菜生长和吸收重金属的影响。结果表明,在不加重金属条件下,与对照相比,供试菌株使油菜的生物量增加了31.5%-166.8%；在Cu (2.5-5.0mg L-1)胁迫下,与对照相比,供试菌株Y1-3-9、Jp3-3和J1-22-2使油菜的生物量增加了24%-167%,铜含量增加了86.4%-192.6%,铜的积累量增加了43.3%-124.4%；在Pb50mg L-1处理下,供试菌株对油菜生物量影响不明显,与对照相比,菌株Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2和Q2BG1使油菜体内Pb浓度和积累量上升了34.6%-175%和84.0%-147%,Pb100mg L-1处理下,菌株Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2和Q2BG1使油菜生物量增加了34.5%-72.2%、Pb含量增加了156%-310%,Pb的积累量增加了28.6%-325%；另外,在Pb50mg L-1处理的砂培条件下,供试菌株Q2EJ2和Q2BJ2使油菜的铅转运系数上升,与不接菌处理的转运系数(0.575)相比,接菌Q2EJ2和Q2BJ2的转运系数分别上升到1.399和1.049,说明菌株在一定程度上增强了油菜的超富集能力。
采用汤山铜矿废弃地和栖霞山铅锌银矿区周边采集的重金属污染的农田土壤,选取高产ACC脱氨酶的植物内生促生细菌Y1-3-9、Jp3-3和另外两株具有精氨酸脱羧酶活性的植物内生促生细菌Q2EY2和Q1BY6,研究其促进油菜修复土壤重金属污染效应及机制。在原位污染土壤的盆栽修复试验中,与对照相比,菌株Y1-3-9、Jp3-3、Q2EY2和Q1BY6使油菜的生物量增加了24.4%-124%,Cu/Pb吸收浓度提高了55.8%-685%,油菜体内Cu/Pb的积累量上升了46%-494%. PCR-DGGE结果表明,接种植物内生促生菌株对油菜根际土壤细菌群落结构影响不明显,对油菜根内生细菌群落结构产生了一定的影响。
接种植物内生促生细菌Q1BY6后,油菜的叶绿素含量显著上升。与接灭活菌对照相比,接菌(Y1-3-9、Jp3-3和Q1BY6)处理显著提高了油菜叶内乙酸含量,另外接菌(Q1BY6)处理油菜根内柠檬酸含量比接灭活菌对照提高了16.4%,接菌(Jp3-3、Q1BY6和Q2EY2)处理油菜根内丁二酸含量达2036-4869μgkg-1,而接灭活菌对照根内未检测到丁二酸。接种菌株Y1-3-9和Q2EY2还使油菜体内游离(亚精胺+精胺)/游离腐胺比值有所升高,另外,接菌处理油菜体内游离腐胺含量比对照降低1.7-398.9%；接种菌株Jp3-3和Y1-3-9处理油菜体内植物螯合肽含量分别比对照提高了22.5%和256%。
Phytoremediation is an emerging in-situ remediation technology due to its less cost, convenient operation and friendly-environment for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. A large number of microorganisms which colonized plant tissue interior can affect growth and heavy metal accumulation of plants in heavy metal-polluted environment by many approaches. Therefore, endophytic bacteria play an important role in bacteria-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. By isolating plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria and utilization for remediation, we can not only improve the remediation efficiency and enrich microbial resource librarys, but also elucidate certain mechanisms on how plant growth promoting endophyte improve the biomass of plant and uptake of metals in heavy metal-polluted environments.
Twenty1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing strains were isolated from chrgsanthemum indicum, bidens pilosa and chenopodium ambrosioides heavy metal-tolerant plant species in mining area and characterized with respect to metal resistance, production of ACC deaminase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores and mineral phosphate solubilization. Eight strains were isolated from Cu-tolerant plants in Tangshan Cu mine wasteland and the other twelve strains were isolated from qixiashan Lead-Zinc mine tailing. All twenty strains have different heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni) resistance, of which six strains (Y1-3-9、Jp3-3、J1-22-2、Q2BJ2、Q2EJ2、Q2BG1) could produce high level of ACC deaminase (120.3-369.6μM h-1mg-1). The twenty strains were identified as Pantoea%Ralstonia、Pseudomonas、Bacillus、Acinetobacter and Agrobacterium based on16S rRNA gene sequencesanalyses.
We selected Brassica napus for phytoremediation in pot experiment to investigate the effect of ACC deaminase-producing endophytic bacteria on the growth and Cu/Pb accumulation of the plant in quartz sand with copper/lead stress. The results indicated that all six strains with high level of ACC deaminase activity have ability to increase the biomass of Brassica napus in the absence of heavy metal stress, and strains Y1-3-9, Jp3-3and J1-22-2could increase the dry weight (24.3-166.8%), Cu content (86.4-192.6%) and total Cu uptake (43.3-124.4%) of Brassica napus in the presence of2.5and5mg kg-1of Cu2+. In the presence of50mg L"1lead, the test strains did not influence the Brassica napus biomass significantly, however, the strains Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2and Q2BG1increased the Pb contents by34.6%to175%and the total Pb uptake from84.0%to147%. In experiments involving Brassica napus grown in quartz sand containing100mg kg-1of Pb, inoculation with the isolates (Q2BJ2, Q2EJ2and Q2BG1) resulted in the increased dry weights (ranging from34.5%to72.2%), lead contents (ranging from156%to310%) and total lead uptake (ranging from28.6%to325%) of Brassica napus compared to the uninoculated control. Strains Q2EJ2and Q2BJ2increased the translocation factor of Pb (1.399and1.049respectively) in the Brassica napus compared with the uninoculation control (0.575), suggesting that bacterial inoculation may influence the translocation factor and metal hyperaccumulating ability of Brassica napus.
The mechanism and effect of the growth-promoting endophytic bacteria on microbial-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted-soil were investigated in pot experiment using in-situ polluted soil collected from Tangshan Cu mine and Qixiashan Pb/Zn mine. Two strains (Y1-3-9and Jp3-3) with high-level of ACC deaminase activity and other two strains (Q2EY2and Q1BY6) that can produce arginine decarboxylase were seleced for pot experiments.
Pot experiment showed that inoculation with the strains (Y1-3-9, Jp3-3, Q2EY2and Q1BY6) could increase the biomass of rape by24.4-124%, the Cu/Pb contents by55.8-685%and total Cu/Pb uptake by46-494%compare to the controls. In the experiment involving Brassica napus grown in in-situ heavy metal polluted soil, the analyses of PCR-DGGE revealed that the endophytic bacterial community in the roots of Brassica napus was influenced more obviously by the test strains compared with the rhizosphere bacterial community of Brassica napus.
Inoculation with strain Q1BY6resulted in increased relative chlorophyll cotent in leaves in Brassica napus. The content of acetic acid in shoots of Brassica napus was increased by inoculating strains Y1-3-9, Jp3-3and Q1BY6compared with controls and the content of citric acid was significantly increased by16.4%by inoculation with strain Q1BY6. The strains Y1-3-9, Jp3-3and Q1BY6induced root tissues of Brassica napus to produce succinic acid. Inoculation with strains Y1-3-9, Q2EY2and Q1BY6can reduce free putrescine contents of rape to1.7-398.9%compared to controls and inoculation with the strains Yl-3-9and Q2EY2increased value of (Spd+Spm)/Put. The content of phytochelatin was increased by22.5%-256%by inoculation with strains Y1-3-9and Jp3-3and indicated that srains can alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals to Brassica napus.
引文
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