人工湖区地下水监测与模拟研究
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摘要
水是生命之源,是影响社会发展和人类进步的不可缺少的自然资源。水资源在全球经济和社会可持续发展过程中占有相当重要的地位,是人类赖以生存的不可替代的物质基础。在可利用的水资源中,地下水是宝贵的自然资源又是环境的基本要素。目前,由于人类活动加剧、气候变化等因素的存在,地下水环境受到了很大影响。在某些城市和地区,与地下水有关的环境、生态问题也日益严重。对地下水资源进行准确评价与科学管理是人类对地下水资源进行有效开发利用的前提和基础。本文在借鉴国内外地下水模拟研究成果的基础上,研究探讨了研究区人工湖建设以后地下水水位、水质的变化情况。首先根据研究的需要,在研究区设立了地表水及地下水的监测点,通过监测点获得的监测数据对研究区地表水及地下水的水位、水质变化进行了分析与讨论;接着利用MODFLOW模型就不同情景下研究区的地下水水位进行了模拟与分析。通过对监测数据以及模拟结果的讨论与分析,取得了如下的研究成果;
1)研究区地表水与地下水之间存在较大的相关性,研究区地表河流为地下水的主要补给来源,特别是在干旱少雨的冬春季节,地表河流成为了维持研究区地下水位的重要因素。同时,降雨入渗也是本区地下水补给的另一个重要来源。
2)模拟结果显示,研究区人工湖成湖蓄水以后,如果湖底不进行防渗处理,将会使得研究区的地下水位大大抬升,从而引发周围地区一系列的环境地质问题。如果防渗结构防渗效果良好,在合理设置地下水补给通道的基础上,不会对研究区的地下水流场造成较明显的影响。
3)当研究区人工湖防渗结构出现问题时,通过对观测井中地下水位的观测,能够根据地下水位的变化判断出防渗结构是否发生了破坏,并依据与模拟结果的对比分析,确定出防渗结构破坏的范围以及渗漏量随破坏面积变化的规律,为进一步进行技术处理提供参考依据。
4)监测期内研究区地表水中NO_3-N的指标情况较好,TN、TP、NH_4~+-N以及高锰酸盐指标情况较差。地下水中的各监测指标相对地表水中有一定的下降。整个监测指标中,除了TN的变化和地表水中TN的变化不太一致以外,其他的各个指标的变化趋势均和地表水中的变化相似,说明这一区域地下水的水质很大程度上取决于地表水的水质。
Water is the source of life and the indispensable natural resources of social development and human progress. Water resources play an important position in the global economic and the continuable social development process. It is the irreplaceable material basis of mankind's survival. Groundwater is a valuable natural resource and the basic elements of the environment in the available water resources. At present, groundwater environment has a significant impact due to the existence of increased human activities, climate change and other factors. In some cities and regions, the problems about groundwater environment and zoology become more serious. The exact value and scientific management is the precondition and foundation for human to effective utilizes groundwater resources. In this paper, basing of the research achievements of groundwater at home and abroad, we studied the change of water level and water quality after the completion of artificial lakes. First, basing of the needs of study, we set up observational points for surface water and groundwater in study area. We analyzed the changes of surface water and groundwater level, water quality in study area through the data of observational points. The hydrology model-MODFLOW was then used to simulate groundwater level under different state. Through the discussion of monitoring data and simulative results, major findings of this research are as follows:
1) There is biggish pertinence between surface water and groundwater of study area. Rivers are the primary replenishment to groundwater. Especially in the droughty winter and spring, Rivers become the important factor to maintain the water table of study area. At the same time, the infiltration of rainfall is another important source to groundwater recharge.
2) The simulated results show that the groundwater table would be uplifted greatly if there was no impervious structure in the bottom of lakes after the artificial lake affusion. There would trigger series problems of geological environment to surrounding areas. If impervious structure working well, basing of set a reasonable groundwater recharge channel, there would not bring obvious effect to groundwater table of study area.
3) According to the observation of the observational wells for groundwater level, we can judge the impervious structures are destroyed or not relying on the changes of water table when there were some problems in artificial lakes of study area. We also can determine the destruct area in impervious structure and the orderliness of seepage with the change of area. It can provide a technical reference for treatment.
4) The complexion of NO_3-N in surface water is good, TN, TP, NH_4~+-N and permanganate index is poor during monitoring period. There are definite declines to every target of surface water than groundwater. There is the same variational direction in every target except TN for groundwater and surface water. It shows that the quality of groundwater largely depends on the surface water.
1)研究区地表水与地下水之间存在较大的相关性,研究区地表河流为地下水的主要补给来源,特别是在干旱少雨的冬春季节,地表河流成为了维持研究区地下水位的重要因素。同时,降雨入渗也是本区地下水补给的另一个重要来源。
2)模拟结果显示,研究区人工湖成湖蓄水以后,如果湖底不进行防渗处理,将会使得研究区的地下水位大大抬升,从而引发周围地区一系列的环境地质问题。如果防渗结构防渗效果良好,在合理设置地下水补给通道的基础上,不会对研究区的地下水流场造成较明显的影响。
3)当研究区人工湖防渗结构出现问题时,通过对观测井中地下水位的观测,能够根据地下水位的变化判断出防渗结构是否发生了破坏,并依据与模拟结果的对比分析,确定出防渗结构破坏的范围以及渗漏量随破坏面积变化的规律,为进一步进行技术处理提供参考依据。
4)监测期内研究区地表水中NO_3-N的指标情况较好,TN、TP、NH_4~+-N以及高锰酸盐指标情况较差。地下水中的各监测指标相对地表水中有一定的下降。整个监测指标中,除了TN的变化和地表水中TN的变化不太一致以外,其他的各个指标的变化趋势均和地表水中的变化相似,说明这一区域地下水的水质很大程度上取决于地表水的水质。
Water is the source of life and the indispensable natural resources of social development and human progress. Water resources play an important position in the global economic and the continuable social development process. It is the irreplaceable material basis of mankind's survival. Groundwater is a valuable natural resource and the basic elements of the environment in the available water resources. At present, groundwater environment has a significant impact due to the existence of increased human activities, climate change and other factors. In some cities and regions, the problems about groundwater environment and zoology become more serious. The exact value and scientific management is the precondition and foundation for human to effective utilizes groundwater resources. In this paper, basing of the research achievements of groundwater at home and abroad, we studied the change of water level and water quality after the completion of artificial lakes. First, basing of the needs of study, we set up observational points for surface water and groundwater in study area. We analyzed the changes of surface water and groundwater level, water quality in study area through the data of observational points. The hydrology model-MODFLOW was then used to simulate groundwater level under different state. Through the discussion of monitoring data and simulative results, major findings of this research are as follows:
1) There is biggish pertinence between surface water and groundwater of study area. Rivers are the primary replenishment to groundwater. Especially in the droughty winter and spring, Rivers become the important factor to maintain the water table of study area. At the same time, the infiltration of rainfall is another important source to groundwater recharge.
2) The simulated results show that the groundwater table would be uplifted greatly if there was no impervious structure in the bottom of lakes after the artificial lake affusion. There would trigger series problems of geological environment to surrounding areas. If impervious structure working well, basing of set a reasonable groundwater recharge channel, there would not bring obvious effect to groundwater table of study area.
3) According to the observation of the observational wells for groundwater level, we can judge the impervious structures are destroyed or not relying on the changes of water table when there were some problems in artificial lakes of study area. We also can determine the destruct area in impervious structure and the orderliness of seepage with the change of area. It can provide a technical reference for treatment.
4) The complexion of NO_3-N in surface water is good, TN, TP, NH_4~+-N and permanganate index is poor during monitoring period. There are definite declines to every target of surface water than groundwater. There is the same variational direction in every target except TN for groundwater and surface water. It shows that the quality of groundwater largely depends on the surface water.
引文
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