吉林省西部地下水埋深时空变化研究
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摘要
近年来,吉林省西部受人为活动影响,地表植被退化,湿地萎缩,土地沙化、等一系列问题愈加突出。针对这些亟待缓解的生态环境问题,依据干旱区生态系统对地下水具有很强依赖关系的理论基础。本文对吉林省地下水埋深时空分布特征及变化规律进行研究,并结合研究成果,探讨研究区地下水埋深时空变化特征的主要影响因素,为合理开发利用研究区地下水资源提供合理化建议。
首先,本文对近20年中五个年份地下水埋深资料进行整理,选用地学统计克里格插值法,应用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS绘制研究区不同年份地下水埋深分布图,着重分析多年来地下水埋深的时空分布特征及变化规律。
其次,为了更详细的表达研究区地下水埋深随时间变化特征,本文对各行政区较早建立的重点井长期观测资料进行整理,并选取了十个观测井作为代表点,应用统计软件绘制各观测孔地下水埋深多年变化曲线,以表达吉林省西部地下水埋深随时间年际变化规律。
在二维分析的基础上,本文应用ArcGIS软件中3D空间扩展分析ArcScene模块,实现了研究区地下水埋深空间分布的三维化表达。
最后,应用地下水数值模拟方法预测未来研究区地下水埋深的变化趋势。并结合已有研究成果——吉林省西部地区生态适生水位,模拟计算出相应的开采量,作为研究区地下水资源管理计划工作的参考依据。
研究结果表明,研究区地下水埋深空间上普遍呈现下降趋势,下降幅度总体由西部山前倾斜平原区向东南高平原区逐渐增大,在人口集中的各行政区中心地下水埋深降幅明显增大,局部地区出现降落漏斗。通过研究区地下水流数值模拟预测结果表明,如果继续以现有的开采强度对地下水资源进行开采,在未来几年,研究区地下水埋深将持续增大。结合吉林省西部生态适生水位埋深,建议当地相关部门开展有效的节水措施。将地下水开采量控制在21.66亿m3/a以内,使得地下水埋深能逐渐恢复至适生水位埋深范围。
Groundwater is an important information carrier, in the dynamic elements of groundwater, the groundwater depth directly reflects the distance between the top surface of the aquifer and the ground surface in a certain period of time, a direct bearing on the issue of soil salinization and growth and development conditions of the surface vegetation. Especially in arid areas, due to the lack of precipitation , arid ecosystem have great dependence on groundwater,if the groundwater depth is too shallow somewhere then the soil salinization occur easily, if groundwater depth is too deep, the surface vegetation degradation and soil desertification will occur due to lack of soil moisture. Groundwater depth play a decisive role in surface vegetation and the local ecological environment in arid area. West of Jilin Province is a typical arid and semi-arid regions, in recent years, changes in climatic conditions lead to the local people's exploitation strength of groundwater resources increase yearly. Under the combined action of natural and man-made factors, a series of ecological problems become more outstanding, such as the fragile ecological environment,surface vegetation degradation, desertification, and salinization of soil and so on, which have become the main restrictive factors for production and life of local people and the sustained and healthy development of the regional economy. In response to these environmental problems which urgent need to alleviate, and comprehensive consideration the technical means, based on previous research, this paper selected groundwater depth to research, and study the characteristics of temporal and spatial variationin of groundwater depth in West Jilin Province for many years.
First of all, the author collected and got observation data of groundwater depth for 1987,1993,2000,2004,2006 five years in western of jilin province. Making use of above data and using Kriging interpolation method. Drew and got the spatial distribution maps of groundwater depth in the study area for the above-mentioned five years by the application of ArcGIS software, provide an intuitive expression for the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution and change law of groundwater depth of the western Jilin Province from 1987 to 2006 in the past 20 years. Make e statistical process to the distribution area occupied by different groundwater depth distribution, and make quantitative analysis to the characteristics of spatial distribution of groundwater depth . In order to make the inter-annual changes characteristics analysis and expression of the western Jilin groundwater depth more detailed, limited by data, this paper select the number of observation wells as representative points, and finishing the long time series groundwater depth observation data of the selected wells, and rendering inter-annual changes curve of groundwater depth by using statistical software. By the above curve map, this paper expressed the characteristics of inter-annual variability of groundwater depth in West Jilin Province for many years. Based on the above-mentioned analysis results, the author study and explore the main influence factors of the changes in groundwater depth.
Secondly, in order to make the analysis and research more intuitive, based on the two-dimensional spatial analysis ,this paper develop and apply three-dimensional expansion module ArcScene, and realized the three-dimensional visualization expression of the spatial distribution on groundwater depth of the study area.
Finally, forecast for future tendency of groundwater depth in study area with the application of groundwater flow numerical simulation model. Combined with the changes characteristic on natural environment and activities of local people in the study area for many years, this paper explored the influence degree of the natural and man-made factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of groundwater depth changes. Basis for the dynamic change law and the main impact factors and the impact on the ecological environment of groundwater depth in Western of Jilin Province, this paper put forward the rationalization proposals for the sustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources.
Through the above studies, from time view point, the general changes characteristics of groundwater depth over the past 20 years in the study area obtained from the observation data of above five years; the regional average groundwater depth from 4.7 meter in 1987 increased to 6.92 meter in 2006. The annual average increase rate of groundwater depth showed a go-up tendency in the years from 1987 to 2004, since the 0.133m/a increased to 0.153m/a. it become a little stable from 2004 to 2006 as 0.085m/a. By analyzed and summarized, because of natural climate changes, the reduction of precipitation, groundwater depth generally show a downward trend in West Jilin Province over the past 20 years, the amplitude reduction increases gradually from the Northwest Piedmont Plain tilted to the south-east High Plains. As a result of population growth, agricultural production activity has strengthened, with the decrease in precipitation, human exploitation for grondwater resource have increased substantially. The amplitude reduction near the center of administrative division greater obviously than it in other area, and the cone of depression have engendered in local area .
首先,本文对近20年中五个年份地下水埋深资料进行整理,选用地学统计克里格插值法,应用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS绘制研究区不同年份地下水埋深分布图,着重分析多年来地下水埋深的时空分布特征及变化规律。
其次,为了更详细的表达研究区地下水埋深随时间变化特征,本文对各行政区较早建立的重点井长期观测资料进行整理,并选取了十个观测井作为代表点,应用统计软件绘制各观测孔地下水埋深多年变化曲线,以表达吉林省西部地下水埋深随时间年际变化规律。
在二维分析的基础上,本文应用ArcGIS软件中3D空间扩展分析ArcScene模块,实现了研究区地下水埋深空间分布的三维化表达。
最后,应用地下水数值模拟方法预测未来研究区地下水埋深的变化趋势。并结合已有研究成果——吉林省西部地区生态适生水位,模拟计算出相应的开采量,作为研究区地下水资源管理计划工作的参考依据。
研究结果表明,研究区地下水埋深空间上普遍呈现下降趋势,下降幅度总体由西部山前倾斜平原区向东南高平原区逐渐增大,在人口集中的各行政区中心地下水埋深降幅明显增大,局部地区出现降落漏斗。通过研究区地下水流数值模拟预测结果表明,如果继续以现有的开采强度对地下水资源进行开采,在未来几年,研究区地下水埋深将持续增大。结合吉林省西部生态适生水位埋深,建议当地相关部门开展有效的节水措施。将地下水开采量控制在21.66亿m3/a以内,使得地下水埋深能逐渐恢复至适生水位埋深范围。
Groundwater is an important information carrier, in the dynamic elements of groundwater, the groundwater depth directly reflects the distance between the top surface of the aquifer and the ground surface in a certain period of time, a direct bearing on the issue of soil salinization and growth and development conditions of the surface vegetation. Especially in arid areas, due to the lack of precipitation , arid ecosystem have great dependence on groundwater,if the groundwater depth is too shallow somewhere then the soil salinization occur easily, if groundwater depth is too deep, the surface vegetation degradation and soil desertification will occur due to lack of soil moisture. Groundwater depth play a decisive role in surface vegetation and the local ecological environment in arid area. West of Jilin Province is a typical arid and semi-arid regions, in recent years, changes in climatic conditions lead to the local people's exploitation strength of groundwater resources increase yearly. Under the combined action of natural and man-made factors, a series of ecological problems become more outstanding, such as the fragile ecological environment,surface vegetation degradation, desertification, and salinization of soil and so on, which have become the main restrictive factors for production and life of local people and the sustained and healthy development of the regional economy. In response to these environmental problems which urgent need to alleviate, and comprehensive consideration the technical means, based on previous research, this paper selected groundwater depth to research, and study the characteristics of temporal and spatial variationin of groundwater depth in West Jilin Province for many years.
First of all, the author collected and got observation data of groundwater depth for 1987,1993,2000,2004,2006 five years in western of jilin province. Making use of above data and using Kriging interpolation method. Drew and got the spatial distribution maps of groundwater depth in the study area for the above-mentioned five years by the application of ArcGIS software, provide an intuitive expression for the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution and change law of groundwater depth of the western Jilin Province from 1987 to 2006 in the past 20 years. Make e statistical process to the distribution area occupied by different groundwater depth distribution, and make quantitative analysis to the characteristics of spatial distribution of groundwater depth . In order to make the inter-annual changes characteristics analysis and expression of the western Jilin groundwater depth more detailed, limited by data, this paper select the number of observation wells as representative points, and finishing the long time series groundwater depth observation data of the selected wells, and rendering inter-annual changes curve of groundwater depth by using statistical software. By the above curve map, this paper expressed the characteristics of inter-annual variability of groundwater depth in West Jilin Province for many years. Based on the above-mentioned analysis results, the author study and explore the main influence factors of the changes in groundwater depth.
Secondly, in order to make the analysis and research more intuitive, based on the two-dimensional spatial analysis ,this paper develop and apply three-dimensional expansion module ArcScene, and realized the three-dimensional visualization expression of the spatial distribution on groundwater depth of the study area.
Finally, forecast for future tendency of groundwater depth in study area with the application of groundwater flow numerical simulation model. Combined with the changes characteristic on natural environment and activities of local people in the study area for many years, this paper explored the influence degree of the natural and man-made factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of groundwater depth changes. Basis for the dynamic change law and the main impact factors and the impact on the ecological environment of groundwater depth in Western of Jilin Province, this paper put forward the rationalization proposals for the sustainable exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources.
Through the above studies, from time view point, the general changes characteristics of groundwater depth over the past 20 years in the study area obtained from the observation data of above five years; the regional average groundwater depth from 4.7 meter in 1987 increased to 6.92 meter in 2006. The annual average increase rate of groundwater depth showed a go-up tendency in the years from 1987 to 2004, since the 0.133m/a increased to 0.153m/a. it become a little stable from 2004 to 2006 as 0.085m/a. By analyzed and summarized, because of natural climate changes, the reduction of precipitation, groundwater depth generally show a downward trend in West Jilin Province over the past 20 years, the amplitude reduction increases gradually from the Northwest Piedmont Plain tilted to the south-east High Plains. As a result of population growth, agricultural production activity has strengthened, with the decrease in precipitation, human exploitation for grondwater resource have increased substantially. The amplitude reduction near the center of administrative division greater obviously than it in other area, and the cone of depression have engendered in local area .
引文
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