鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地北区地下水可更新能力研究
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摘要
本论文依托于中国地质调查项目“鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地地下水化学演化与水循环研究”(12120103302-ZT2)。以盆地北区为主要研究区,在分析其水文地质结构的基础上,系统地研究了区域地下水化学分布特征和天然水体同位素组成特征,从水化学和同位素的角度揭示了区域地下水循环规律。从地下水补给条件、含水介质的性质和区域地下水循环模式等方面定性分析了研究区地下水可更新能力。推求了计算地下水更新速率的指数-活塞流模型、线性模型和线性-活塞流模型,并首次对地下水更新速率计算中的~(14)C输入浓度进行了模型校正。最终依据地下水更新速率并结合前期定性分析,对盆地北区地下水可更新能力进行了定量评价。上述研究查明了研究区地下水可更新能力,为区域地下水资源的合理开发利用和科学管理提供了依据,有助于推动鄂尔多斯盆地能源化工基地的建设,促进当地经济的可持续发展。
Ordos basin is the important energy sources and chemical industry base of China,which plays an important role in the realization of Western Developing Strategy. Butdue to the arid and semiarid climate, the contradiction between the water resourcessupplyand demandis veryobvious. Thenorthern areaof Ordos Cretaceous Basinis themain water supply of this area in the future, where the water resources are abundantrelatively. As we all known, the groundwater renewablity is the important basis ofevaluatingthegroundwaterresourcesandestablishingthereasonabledevelopingpatternof groundwater resources. So that it is needful to studythe groundwater renewabilityinthenorthernarea.
This thesis is on the basis of Chinese geological investigating project“Groundwater chemical evolution and water circulation research in Ordos CretaceousGroundwaterBasin(”12120103302-ZT2).Basedonthegeologicalandhydrogeologicalconditions of northern area, this paper first analyzes the characteristics of geochemicaldistribution and the isotopic composition of natural waters, what is used to illustrate thelaw of groundwater circulation. Then it evaluates the groundwater renewablity ofnorthern area by renewal rate as the index. This work doesn’t only find out thegroundwater renewablityof northern area, which is the basis of groundwater reasonabledevelopment and scientific management, but also explores some problems in thecalculation of renewal rate. Therefore this study is significant in practice and theory.Andthemainachievementsofthispaperareasfollows:
1、The distribution characteristics of the groundwater chemistry. Because ofthe impacts of landform, rock characters, rock facies and groundwater circulation, thevaluesofTDS、Cl-、SO42--、K++Na+、Ca2+andMg2+aregenerallyhighinthewestofstudyareawhilelowintheeast.
In horizontal dimension, divided by Yanchi-Sishililiang surface watershed, the concentrations ofTDS andmainions are generallylowintheeast,andthe groundwateris mostlyHCO3type water. So there is no classical horizontal distributionlaw here. Butin the west, the concentrations of TDS and main ions rise slowly from the surfacewatershed to west and northwest, with the changes of chemical types which aregenerally from HCO3type water to SO4·Cl one. There is an obvious distribution law inhorizontaldimensionalongtheflowlineofgroundwater.
In vertical dimension, the concentrations of TDS and main ions rise with theincreasing depth of groundwater especially in Molinhe-Yanhaizi groundwater systemand Yanchi-Dousituhe groundwater system, while the area of HCO3type water reducesobviously. The TDS distributes with the characteristics of shallowmedial>deep nearthedownstream of MolinheRiverandDosituheRiver.Forvertical distribution,thegroundwaterchemistryis homogenousnear the surface watershed and in Wulanmulunhe-Wudinghe groundwater system. ButinYanchi-DousituhegroundwatersystemandMolinhe-Yanhaizigroundwatersystem,itshowsthedelaminatingcharacteristicstoacertainextent.
2、Theisotopiccompositionofnaturalwaters.Theisotopicresearchfindsouttherelationships of“3-types water”transformation in the study area. Both surface waterand groundwater are originated from precipitation. It is proved that groundwater isrechargedbyprecipitation,butsurfacewaterisgenerallyrechargedfromgroundwater.And the composition of ?D and ?18O in groundwater in the east ofYanchi-Sishililiang surface watershed is more enriched than the west. In verticaldimension, ?D and ?18O in shallow groundwater is more enriched than medial and deepgroundwater. The isotopic composition of groundwater in vertical dimension ishomogenous near the surface watershed and in the east, but it shows a littledelaminatingcharacteristicinthewest.
3、The characteristics of groundwater circulation. The tracing ofhydrochemistry and isotopes shows the characteristics of circulation that thegroundwater is recharged by precipitation near the surface watershed, and flow to theeastandwestofthestudyarea.TheareasneartheYanchi-SishililiangandXinzhaosumusurface watersheds are recharge areas. The areas near the eastern, western and northernboundaries are discharge areas. The groundwater flows from recharge area to dischargearea. In the east of Yanchi-Sishililiang surface watershed, the vertical circulation playsan important role in groundwater circulation, but in the west, the horizontal flow isinstead of vertical circulation. By constructing the circulation models of classical cross section, the groundwater circulation is concluded into three classes: local circulationsystem,mediumcirculationsystemandregionalcirculationsystem.
4、The calculation of groundwater renewal rate. First, the EPM, LM and LPMfor calculating groundwater renewal rate are educed. Then the corrections of 14C inputconcentration are made. At last, according to the circulation model and flowcharacteristics of groundwater, the renewal rates of shallow groundwater are calculatedby3Hand14C,usingthemodelofwellmixedreservoir.Andtherenewalratesofmedialand deep groundwater are calculated by 14C, using the model of mixing in equalproportions.
5、The evaluation of groundwater renewability. In terms of the groundwaterrenewalrate,theevaluationofrenewabilityinthethreelayersgroundwaterisperformed.Most renewal rates oftheshallowgroundwaterarelagerthan1.0%/a,whiletherenewalrates of medial groundwater are between 0.1 and 1.0%/a, and the renewal rates of deepgroundwater are less than 0.1%/a. The renewability of groundwater near the surfacewatershed and in the east is better than the west. In verticaldimension, the renewabilityin shallow and medial groundwater is better, which is suitable for developing on thebasis of reasonable evaluating. But the deep groundwater can’t be used ordinarilybecauseofits’weakrenewability.
Ordos basin is the important energy sources and chemical industry base of China,which plays an important role in the realization of Western Developing Strategy. Butdue to the arid and semiarid climate, the contradiction between the water resourcessupplyand demandis veryobvious. Thenorthern areaof Ordos Cretaceous Basinis themain water supply of this area in the future, where the water resources are abundantrelatively. As we all known, the groundwater renewablity is the important basis ofevaluatingthegroundwaterresourcesandestablishingthereasonabledevelopingpatternof groundwater resources. So that it is needful to studythe groundwater renewabilityinthenorthernarea.
This thesis is on the basis of Chinese geological investigating project“Groundwater chemical evolution and water circulation research in Ordos CretaceousGroundwaterBasin(”12120103302-ZT2).Basedonthegeologicalandhydrogeologicalconditions of northern area, this paper first analyzes the characteristics of geochemicaldistribution and the isotopic composition of natural waters, what is used to illustrate thelaw of groundwater circulation. Then it evaluates the groundwater renewablity ofnorthern area by renewal rate as the index. This work doesn’t only find out thegroundwater renewablityof northern area, which is the basis of groundwater reasonabledevelopment and scientific management, but also explores some problems in thecalculation of renewal rate. Therefore this study is significant in practice and theory.Andthemainachievementsofthispaperareasfollows:
1、The distribution characteristics of the groundwater chemistry. Because ofthe impacts of landform, rock characters, rock facies and groundwater circulation, thevaluesofTDS、Cl-、SO42--、K++Na+、Ca2+andMg2+aregenerallyhighinthewestofstudyareawhilelowintheeast.
In horizontal dimension, divided by Yanchi-Sishililiang surface watershed, the concentrations ofTDS andmainions are generallylowintheeast,andthe groundwateris mostlyHCO3type water. So there is no classical horizontal distributionlaw here. Butin the west, the concentrations of TDS and main ions rise slowly from the surfacewatershed to west and northwest, with the changes of chemical types which aregenerally from HCO3type water to SO4·Cl one. There is an obvious distribution law inhorizontaldimensionalongtheflowlineofgroundwater.
In vertical dimension, the concentrations of TDS and main ions rise with theincreasing depth of groundwater especially in Molinhe-Yanhaizi groundwater systemand Yanchi-Dousituhe groundwater system, while the area of HCO3type water reducesobviously. The TDS distributes with the characteristics of shallow
2、Theisotopiccompositionofnaturalwaters.Theisotopicresearchfindsouttherelationships of“3-types water”transformation in the study area. Both surface waterand groundwater are originated from precipitation. It is proved that groundwater isrechargedbyprecipitation,butsurfacewaterisgenerallyrechargedfromgroundwater.And the composition of ?D and ?18O in groundwater in the east ofYanchi-Sishililiang surface watershed is more enriched than the west. In verticaldimension, ?D and ?18O in shallow groundwater is more enriched than medial and deepgroundwater. The isotopic composition of groundwater in vertical dimension ishomogenous near the surface watershed and in the east, but it shows a littledelaminatingcharacteristicinthewest.
3、The characteristics of groundwater circulation. The tracing ofhydrochemistry and isotopes shows the characteristics of circulation that thegroundwater is recharged by precipitation near the surface watershed, and flow to theeastandwestofthestudyarea.TheareasneartheYanchi-SishililiangandXinzhaosumusurface watersheds are recharge areas. The areas near the eastern, western and northernboundaries are discharge areas. The groundwater flows from recharge area to dischargearea. In the east of Yanchi-Sishililiang surface watershed, the vertical circulation playsan important role in groundwater circulation, but in the west, the horizontal flow isinstead of vertical circulation. By constructing the circulation models of classical cross section, the groundwater circulation is concluded into three classes: local circulationsystem,mediumcirculationsystemandregionalcirculationsystem.
4、The calculation of groundwater renewal rate. First, the EPM, LM and LPMfor calculating groundwater renewal rate are educed. Then the corrections of 14C inputconcentration are made. At last, according to the circulation model and flowcharacteristics of groundwater, the renewal rates of shallow groundwater are calculatedby3Hand14C,usingthemodelofwellmixedreservoir.Andtherenewalratesofmedialand deep groundwater are calculated by 14C, using the model of mixing in equalproportions.
5、The evaluation of groundwater renewability. In terms of the groundwaterrenewalrate,theevaluationofrenewabilityinthethreelayersgroundwaterisperformed.Most renewal rates oftheshallowgroundwaterarelagerthan1.0%/a,whiletherenewalrates of medial groundwater are between 0.1 and 1.0%/a, and the renewal rates of deepgroundwater are less than 0.1%/a. The renewability of groundwater near the surfacewatershed and in the east is better than the west. In verticaldimension, the renewabilityin shallow and medial groundwater is better, which is suitable for developing on thebasis of reasonable evaluating. But the deep groundwater can’t be used ordinarilybecauseofits’weakrenewability.
引文
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[3] 侯光才,张茂省,王永和等.鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查实施项目总体设计[R].西安地质矿产研究所,2003.
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[5] 王挨顺,谢从瑞,王永和等.鄂尔多斯盆地地层划分对比,鄂尔多斯盆地地下水资源与可持续利用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2004:77-90.
[6] 侯光才,张茂省,王永和等.鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查综合调查评价2005年度工作方案[R].西安地质矿产研究所,2005.
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