粗粒土振动压实特性的试验研究
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摘要
随着我国交通基础设施建设规模的不断扩大，我国高速公路截至2002年末通车里程将达到20000公里，公路建设正由发达地区向西部欠发达地区发展，从已完成的高速公路以及今后的发展方向看，路基的稳定将是今后一个时期解决的主要问题，尤其是土石混填路基的稳定性问题。在工程实践中，存在对土石混合料的性质认识不清，这样不但会增加工程成本，而且影响道路的使用寿命、行车安全和周围环境。
粗粒土是指砂砾石、砂卵石、石渣、爆破开采的石料等粗颗粒土石混合料，具有粗颗粒间粘结力小、透水性强的性质，是一种松散的颗粒状结构，具有良好的工程使用性能。如何通过试验研究，进一步认识粗粒土的工程性质，更好地服务于土木工程建设是本文研究的重点。以往对粗粒土的研究方法多采用击实法，很少有人研究其抗剪强度特性，本文主要从工程应用的角度(粗粒含量)对粗粒土进行工程分类，成型方法采用振动法，同时对水稳定性、抗剪强度特性进行研究，
通过研究得出以下结论：颗粒组成级配特性是决定其抗剪强度的主要因素，当粗粒含量在70％左右时，抗剪强度最大；颗粒本身的特性对抗剪强度影响较大，颗粒越坚硬、大小颗粒相差越大、越不均匀、颗粒形状越呈棱角状、填筑密度越大，抗剪强度就越高；含水量对抗剪强度的影响很小，可以忽略不计。这对指导施工生产具有现实意义。
As the expanding of nation's traffic infrastructural construction, total mileage of expressways opened to traffic by the end of 2002 will reach to 20000km. The tide of expressway construction is now moving from the developed areas to the western undeveloped areas. In consideration of the completed expressways and future orientations, stability of suggrade will be a major issue in a period of time, particularly the stability of subgrade filled with soil and stone, in the practice of engineering, there exist unclear attitude towards the soil-stone mixtures. This will both increase the cost of engineering and decrease the lifetime of the road, effect the safety of driving and environment around.
coarse grained soil is composed of sand and gravel, stone residual, blasted stones etc., which has a characters of less cohesive force among grains and strong ability of water penetration. It is a kind of soil of loose grain structure with better utilization properties in the engineering. This article emphasize on further realizing the engineering properties of coarse grained soil through test and research, enabling it to serve the society in a better way. The past research methods to the coarse grained soil mainly concentrate on its density with compacting method, very few notices its shear strength. This article mainly emphasize on the classification of coarse grained soil from the viewpoint of engineering application (content of coarse grains), vibrating method is introduced in the shaping. Meanwhile, research is made to the water stability and shear strength.
Through research, following conclusions are obtained: coarse grained gradation is the main factors to determine its shear strength, when the coarse grains content is over 70% or around, the maximum shear strength appears: the grains itself have a bigger effect on the shear strength. The more hard, uneven, irregular and dense grains will have higher shear strength. The moisture content can be neglected since it has minor effect on the shear strength. This will have practical significance in directing the construction.
粗粒土是指砂砾石、砂卵石、石渣、爆破开采的石料等粗颗粒土石混合料，具有粗颗粒间粘结力小、透水性强的性质，是一种松散的颗粒状结构，具有良好的工程使用性能。如何通过试验研究，进一步认识粗粒土的工程性质，更好地服务于土木工程建设是本文研究的重点。以往对粗粒土的研究方法多采用击实法，很少有人研究其抗剪强度特性，本文主要从工程应用的角度(粗粒含量)对粗粒土进行工程分类，成型方法采用振动法，同时对水稳定性、抗剪强度特性进行研究，
通过研究得出以下结论：颗粒组成级配特性是决定其抗剪强度的主要因素，当粗粒含量在70％左右时，抗剪强度最大；颗粒本身的特性对抗剪强度影响较大，颗粒越坚硬、大小颗粒相差越大、越不均匀、颗粒形状越呈棱角状、填筑密度越大，抗剪强度就越高；含水量对抗剪强度的影响很小，可以忽略不计。这对指导施工生产具有现实意义。
As the expanding of nation's traffic infrastructural construction, total mileage of expressways opened to traffic by the end of 2002 will reach to 20000km. The tide of expressway construction is now moving from the developed areas to the western undeveloped areas. In consideration of the completed expressways and future orientations, stability of suggrade will be a major issue in a period of time, particularly the stability of subgrade filled with soil and stone, in the practice of engineering, there exist unclear attitude towards the soil-stone mixtures. This will both increase the cost of engineering and decrease the lifetime of the road, effect the safety of driving and environment around.
coarse grained soil is composed of sand and gravel, stone residual, blasted stones etc., which has a characters of less cohesive force among grains and strong ability of water penetration. It is a kind of soil of loose grain structure with better utilization properties in the engineering. This article emphasize on further realizing the engineering properties of coarse grained soil through test and research, enabling it to serve the society in a better way. The past research methods to the coarse grained soil mainly concentrate on its density with compacting method, very few notices its shear strength. This article mainly emphasize on the classification of coarse grained soil from the viewpoint of engineering application (content of coarse grains), vibrating method is introduced in the shaping. Meanwhile, research is made to the water stability and shear strength.
Through research, following conclusions are obtained: coarse grained gradation is the main factors to determine its shear strength, when the coarse grains content is over 70% or around, the maximum shear strength appears: the grains itself have a bigger effect on the shear strength. The more hard, uneven, irregular and dense grains will have higher shear strength. The moisture content can be neglected since it has minor effect on the shear strength. This will have practical significance in directing the construction.
引文
[1]郭庆国．粗粒土的工程特性及应用．黄河水利出版社．1998：1-10
[2]水电部．土木试验规程SDF128-87．水力水电出版社．1987
[3]L．福斯布拉德[瑞典]．甘杰贤等译．土石方的振动压实．人民交通出版．1986：80-90
[4]崔凌秋．无粘性粗粒土工程性质的研究．哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文．2002：11-23
[5]张兴强，邓卫东等．路基填料动力参数对路基沉降影响分析．公路．2000，(8)28-32
[6]凌天清，王世杰，许志鸿等．路基土重复三轴试验研究结果及其本构模型．重庆交通学院报．1998，(6)：27-30
[7]赵久柄，王正良．西-宝高速公路粗粒土路基压实度的试验研究．国外公路．1996(6)：18-20
[8]申爱琴，郑南翔，苏毅，李祥文，宋新华．含砂低液限粉土填筑路基压实机理及施工技术研究．中国公路学报．2000，(13)：12-15
[9]丁如珍．碎石土填筑的施工工艺及其质量检测．华东公路．2001，(1)：20-22
[10]全强，周明坤．关于碎石土路基施工的几项适用技术．森林工程．2001，(6)：53-54
[11]鄂俊太，韩志强，林慕义．压路机选型及压实技术．人民交通出版社．1991
[12]冯冠庆等．堆石料最大指标密度室内试验方法的研究．岩土工程学报．1992，(5)：21-24
[13]张美丽．振碾工艺下二灰碎石的组成设计方法．东北公路．1998，(2)：35-37
[14]史彦文．粗粒材料直剪强度模型规律．西北水力科技．1989，(1)：51-55
[15]交通部．公路土木试验规程JTJ051-93．人民交通出版社．1993
[16]王龙．全含量土石混合料振动压实特性研究．哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文．1999：42-64
[17]李美江．对压实度标准和室内成型试件方法的几点看法．公路．2001，(12)：81-83
[18]苟桂枝，刘勇．冲击压实效果的理论分析．公路．2001，(10)：134-136
[19]M. Zamam, D. Chen, J. Lagoros. Resilient Moduli of Granular Materials. Journal of Transportation Engineering.1999,120(6):967-989
[20]M.R. Thompon, Q.L. Ronnett. Resilient Properties of Subgrade Soils. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 1979,105(1)71-89
[21]杨小卫，高行方．振动压实效果的理论分析．筑路机械与施工机械化．1998，(5)20-23
[22]扬荫华．土石料压实和质量控制．水利水电出版社．1992：35-50
[23]刘松玉等．公路地基处理．东南大学出版社．2001：20-25
[24]邓安雄．粗颗粒土动力特性的试验研究．硕士学位论文．1995：17-20
[25]李峻利．路基设计原理与计算．人民交通出版社．2001：15-28
[26]洪毓康．土质学与土力学．人民交通出版社．1982：121-130
[27]交通部．土工试验规程．人民交通出版社．JTJ051-93：20-35
[28]于晓飞．高速公路填石路堤施工方法及质量控制．东北公路．2001，(3)：8-11
[29]沙庆林．公路压实与压实标准．人民交通出版社．1998：156-247
[30]马松林，王龙，商朝荣，王建民，邵培东．土石混合料室内振动压实试验研究．东北公路．2000，(2)：35-37
[31]W. Lee, N.C. Bohra, A.G. Altschaeffl. Resilient Characteristics of Dune Sand. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 1995,121(6):502-506
[32]郭庆国．关于粗粒土工程特性及分类的探讨．水利水电技术．1979，(2)：60-63
[33]陈仲颐等．土力学．清华大学出版社．2001：5-20
[34]曹建新．重载交通下级配碎石基层材料组成结构与动力特性的研究．哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文．2001：10-36
[35]刘杰．土的渗透稳定与渗流控制．水利水电出版社．1996：15-20
[2]水电部．土木试验规程SDF128-87．水力水电出版社．1987
[3]L．福斯布拉德[瑞典]．甘杰贤等译．土石方的振动压实．人民交通出版．1986：80-90
[4]崔凌秋．无粘性粗粒土工程性质的研究．哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文．2002：11-23
[5]张兴强，邓卫东等．路基填料动力参数对路基沉降影响分析．公路．2000，(8)28-32
[6]凌天清，王世杰，许志鸿等．路基土重复三轴试验研究结果及其本构模型．重庆交通学院报．1998，(6)：27-30
[7]赵久柄，王正良．西-宝高速公路粗粒土路基压实度的试验研究．国外公路．1996(6)：18-20
[8]申爱琴，郑南翔，苏毅，李祥文，宋新华．含砂低液限粉土填筑路基压实机理及施工技术研究．中国公路学报．2000，(13)：12-15
[9]丁如珍．碎石土填筑的施工工艺及其质量检测．华东公路．2001，(1)：20-22
[10]全强，周明坤．关于碎石土路基施工的几项适用技术．森林工程．2001，(6)：53-54
[11]鄂俊太，韩志强，林慕义．压路机选型及压实技术．人民交通出版社．1991
[12]冯冠庆等．堆石料最大指标密度室内试验方法的研究．岩土工程学报．1992，(5)：21-24
[13]张美丽．振碾工艺下二灰碎石的组成设计方法．东北公路．1998，(2)：35-37
[14]史彦文．粗粒材料直剪强度模型规律．西北水力科技．1989，(1)：51-55
[15]交通部．公路土木试验规程JTJ051-93．人民交通出版社．1993
[16]王龙．全含量土石混合料振动压实特性研究．哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文．1999：42-64
[17]李美江．对压实度标准和室内成型试件方法的几点看法．公路．2001，(12)：81-83
[18]苟桂枝，刘勇．冲击压实效果的理论分析．公路．2001，(10)：134-136
[19]M. Zamam, D. Chen, J. Lagoros. Resilient Moduli of Granular Materials. Journal of Transportation Engineering.1999,120(6):967-989
[20]M.R. Thompon, Q.L. Ronnett. Resilient Properties of Subgrade Soils. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 1979,105(1)71-89
[21]杨小卫，高行方．振动压实效果的理论分析．筑路机械与施工机械化．1998，(5)20-23
[22]扬荫华．土石料压实和质量控制．水利水电出版社．1992：35-50
[23]刘松玉等．公路地基处理．东南大学出版社．2001：20-25
[24]邓安雄．粗颗粒土动力特性的试验研究．硕士学位论文．1995：17-20
[25]李峻利．路基设计原理与计算．人民交通出版社．2001：15-28
[26]洪毓康．土质学与土力学．人民交通出版社．1982：121-130
[27]交通部．土工试验规程．人民交通出版社．JTJ051-93：20-35
[28]于晓飞．高速公路填石路堤施工方法及质量控制．东北公路．2001，(3)：8-11
[29]沙庆林．公路压实与压实标准．人民交通出版社．1998：156-247
[30]马松林，王龙，商朝荣，王建民，邵培东．土石混合料室内振动压实试验研究．东北公路．2000，(2)：35-37
[31]W. Lee, N.C. Bohra, A.G. Altschaeffl. Resilient Characteristics of Dune Sand. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 1995,121(6):502-506
[32]郭庆国．关于粗粒土工程特性及分类的探讨．水利水电技术．1979，(2)：60-63
[33]陈仲颐等．土力学．清华大学出版社．2001：5-20
[34]曹建新．重载交通下级配碎石基层材料组成结构与动力特性的研究．哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文．2001：10-36
[35]刘杰．土的渗透稳定与渗流控制．水利水电出版社．1996：15-20