青藏东缘地壳形变特征及龙门山地区深部动力机制研究
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摘要
青藏东缘地区在印度-欧亚板块碰撞挤压和青藏高原物质东向移动双重作用的影响下,形成了独特的地貌特征和构造运动形式,汶川Ms8.0地震的发生,使该地区成为国内外地学研究的热点。
本文以青藏高原东缘地壳形变与动力学机制为研究对象,以龙门山断裂带及汶川地震区域为重点靶区,首先在总结前人研究基础上,结合多期GPS和水准资料,对东缘地壳形变特征进行了细致分析,通过水平和垂直方向速率的比较,深入探索了各次级块体吸收内部形变方式的差异；其次结合地震波层析成像资料,详细描述了青藏东缘地区的深部地壳结构特征,揭示了该区域上地壳形变与深部地壳结构之间的关系；最后以龙门山地区的深部动力机制为研究重点,通过大地测量反演对龙门山断裂带的滑动速率及深部构造特征进行了分析研究,并结合汶川地震的同震形变及余震分布,从大地测量、地质、重力、地震、地壳深部探测等多个角度对龙门山的深部构造形式及汶川地震的成因做了深入探讨,提出了合理的动力机制模型。论文主要工作及创新点包含以下几个方面：
1、综合多期GPS和水准资料,进一步细化了对青藏东缘三维地壳形变特征的描述；基于最小二乘配置模型,对次级块体的整体运动趋势及内部应变率场进行了细致分析；并通过水平与垂直速率剖面的比较,对青藏东缘各次级块体吸收内部形变方式的差异进行了深入探讨；
2、利用地震波层析成像技术,详细分析了青藏东缘地区70km深度内的地壳结构特征,发现青藏东缘地壳隆升区与深部地壳低速体的分布有较好的对应关系,验证了该区域内上地壳形变受到下地壳低速体运动影响的观点；
3、基于负位错理论,借助粒子群算法对龙门山断裂带三维滑动速率和深部构造特征进行了反演分析,提出了龙门山断裂带滑动速率的分段性理论；并在以往研究的基础上,对其深部构造特征做了定量分析,准确描述了其深部的倾角、闭锁深度等断层参数的量值；
4、在上述研究成果的基础上,结合汶川地震的同震形变及余震分布特征,提出了龙门山地区的深部动力机制模型；认为龙门山断裂带南段的逆冲倾滑运动主要由于四川盆地的阻挡,深部地壳的低速体积聚抬升而造成的,汶川地震的成因也是受到这种深部物质活动的影响。
5、针对贡嘎山地区特殊的地形特征及隆升速率,从板块挤压、深部地壳结构及地壳表面河流侵蚀等多个因素入手,对其构造运动机理做了初步探讨,为深入分析该区域的深部动力机制提供新的研究思路。
Under the double influences of India-Eurasian plate collision and the eastward movement of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the peculiar geomorphic feature and tectonic movement have been come into existence in eastern Tibet margin. The occurrence of Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake makes this area the hot spot of geo science study both at home and abroad.
The following paper researches the crustal deformation and dynamical mechanics in eastern Tibet margin with the Longmen Shan fault and the seismic region of Wenchuan as the researching priority. Firstly, after summarizing the former researches and combining the GPS and leveling data, the paper meticulously analyzes crustal deformation in eastern Tibet margin. It further explores the different patterns of various secondary blocks in absorbing the interior deformation through the comparison of horizontal and vertical rates. Secondly, the paper describes in details the characteristics of deep crustal structure in eastern Tibet margin, and demonstrates the relationships of upper crustal deformation and deep crustal structure after combining seismic tomography image materials. Finally, the paper, with the deep dynamical mechanics in Longmen Shan area as researching priority, inverts the sliding rate and analyzes the deep structure in Longmen Shan fault zone through geodetic survey. Meanwhile, the paper, combining co-seismic deformation and aftershocks distribution in Wenchuan, explores in depth the deep structure pattern of Longmen Shan fault and the causes leading to Wenchuan Earthquake through such perspectives as geodetic survey, geology, gravity and crustal deep exploration, and puts forward the reasonable dynamical mechanics model. The innovation points are as follows:
1. Synthesizing multi-period GPS and leveling data, the paper further refines the description of3D crustal deformation characteristics in eastern Tibet margin. On the basis of least square collocation model, the paper meticulously analyzes the general movement and the interior strain rate field of the secondary blocks. Through comparing the profiles of horizontal and vertical rates, the paper discusses in depth the different patterns of various secondary blocks in absorbing interior deformation in eastern Tibet margin.
2. With the seismic tomography image technology, the paper, after analyzing the crustal structure characteristics at the depth of70km in eastern Tibet margin, finds out that the crustal uplifting area and the distribution of crustal low-speed body are better corresponded, which testifies the point of view that the crustal deformation in this area is influenced by crustal low-velocity body movement.
3. On the basis of negative dislocation theory, the paper, after inverting and analyzing the3D sliding rate and the deep structure characteristics in Longmen Shan fault with the method of PSO algorithm, puts forward the stage theory to the sliding rate of Longmen Shan fault. Meanwhile, on the basis of the previous researches, the paper analyzes quantitatively its deep structure characteristics, and accurately describes such fault parameter as its deep dip angle and interlock depth.
4. On the basis of the above researches and combining the coseismic deformation and aftershocks distribution of Wenchuan earthquake, the paper puts forward the deep dynamical mechanics of Longmen Shan region, which believes that the reverse-dip slip movement in the southern part of Longmen Shan fault is mainly caused by the blockage of Sichuan Basin and the uplifting of deep crustal low-velocity body accumulation, and the causes leading to Wenchuan earthquake is also under the influence of this deep substance movement.
5. To the peculiar topographic feature and uplifting rate of Gongga Mountain area, the paper primarily discusses its tectonic movement mechanics through such factors as plate extrusion, deep crustal structure and the erosion of the crustal river, which offers new researching train of thought for further analyzing the deep dynamical mechanics in this area.
本文以青藏高原东缘地壳形变与动力学机制为研究对象,以龙门山断裂带及汶川地震区域为重点靶区,首先在总结前人研究基础上,结合多期GPS和水准资料,对东缘地壳形变特征进行了细致分析,通过水平和垂直方向速率的比较,深入探索了各次级块体吸收内部形变方式的差异；其次结合地震波层析成像资料,详细描述了青藏东缘地区的深部地壳结构特征,揭示了该区域上地壳形变与深部地壳结构之间的关系；最后以龙门山地区的深部动力机制为研究重点,通过大地测量反演对龙门山断裂带的滑动速率及深部构造特征进行了分析研究,并结合汶川地震的同震形变及余震分布,从大地测量、地质、重力、地震、地壳深部探测等多个角度对龙门山的深部构造形式及汶川地震的成因做了深入探讨,提出了合理的动力机制模型。论文主要工作及创新点包含以下几个方面：
1、综合多期GPS和水准资料,进一步细化了对青藏东缘三维地壳形变特征的描述；基于最小二乘配置模型,对次级块体的整体运动趋势及内部应变率场进行了细致分析；并通过水平与垂直速率剖面的比较,对青藏东缘各次级块体吸收内部形变方式的差异进行了深入探讨；
2、利用地震波层析成像技术,详细分析了青藏东缘地区70km深度内的地壳结构特征,发现青藏东缘地壳隆升区与深部地壳低速体的分布有较好的对应关系,验证了该区域内上地壳形变受到下地壳低速体运动影响的观点；
3、基于负位错理论,借助粒子群算法对龙门山断裂带三维滑动速率和深部构造特征进行了反演分析,提出了龙门山断裂带滑动速率的分段性理论；并在以往研究的基础上,对其深部构造特征做了定量分析,准确描述了其深部的倾角、闭锁深度等断层参数的量值；
4、在上述研究成果的基础上,结合汶川地震的同震形变及余震分布特征,提出了龙门山地区的深部动力机制模型；认为龙门山断裂带南段的逆冲倾滑运动主要由于四川盆地的阻挡,深部地壳的低速体积聚抬升而造成的,汶川地震的成因也是受到这种深部物质活动的影响。
5、针对贡嘎山地区特殊的地形特征及隆升速率,从板块挤压、深部地壳结构及地壳表面河流侵蚀等多个因素入手,对其构造运动机理做了初步探讨,为深入分析该区域的深部动力机制提供新的研究思路。
Under the double influences of India-Eurasian plate collision and the eastward movement of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the peculiar geomorphic feature and tectonic movement have been come into existence in eastern Tibet margin. The occurrence of Wenchuan Ms8.0Earthquake makes this area the hot spot of geo science study both at home and abroad.
The following paper researches the crustal deformation and dynamical mechanics in eastern Tibet margin with the Longmen Shan fault and the seismic region of Wenchuan as the researching priority. Firstly, after summarizing the former researches and combining the GPS and leveling data, the paper meticulously analyzes crustal deformation in eastern Tibet margin. It further explores the different patterns of various secondary blocks in absorbing the interior deformation through the comparison of horizontal and vertical rates. Secondly, the paper describes in details the characteristics of deep crustal structure in eastern Tibet margin, and demonstrates the relationships of upper crustal deformation and deep crustal structure after combining seismic tomography image materials. Finally, the paper, with the deep dynamical mechanics in Longmen Shan area as researching priority, inverts the sliding rate and analyzes the deep structure in Longmen Shan fault zone through geodetic survey. Meanwhile, the paper, combining co-seismic deformation and aftershocks distribution in Wenchuan, explores in depth the deep structure pattern of Longmen Shan fault and the causes leading to Wenchuan Earthquake through such perspectives as geodetic survey, geology, gravity and crustal deep exploration, and puts forward the reasonable dynamical mechanics model. The innovation points are as follows:
1. Synthesizing multi-period GPS and leveling data, the paper further refines the description of3D crustal deformation characteristics in eastern Tibet margin. On the basis of least square collocation model, the paper meticulously analyzes the general movement and the interior strain rate field of the secondary blocks. Through comparing the profiles of horizontal and vertical rates, the paper discusses in depth the different patterns of various secondary blocks in absorbing interior deformation in eastern Tibet margin.
2. With the seismic tomography image technology, the paper, after analyzing the crustal structure characteristics at the depth of70km in eastern Tibet margin, finds out that the crustal uplifting area and the distribution of crustal low-speed body are better corresponded, which testifies the point of view that the crustal deformation in this area is influenced by crustal low-velocity body movement.
3. On the basis of negative dislocation theory, the paper, after inverting and analyzing the3D sliding rate and the deep structure characteristics in Longmen Shan fault with the method of PSO algorithm, puts forward the stage theory to the sliding rate of Longmen Shan fault. Meanwhile, on the basis of the previous researches, the paper analyzes quantitatively its deep structure characteristics, and accurately describes such fault parameter as its deep dip angle and interlock depth.
4. On the basis of the above researches and combining the coseismic deformation and aftershocks distribution of Wenchuan earthquake, the paper puts forward the deep dynamical mechanics of Longmen Shan region, which believes that the reverse-dip slip movement in the southern part of Longmen Shan fault is mainly caused by the blockage of Sichuan Basin and the uplifting of deep crustal low-velocity body accumulation, and the causes leading to Wenchuan earthquake is also under the influence of this deep substance movement.
5. To the peculiar topographic feature and uplifting rate of Gongga Mountain area, the paper primarily discusses its tectonic movement mechanics through such factors as plate extrusion, deep crustal structure and the erosion of the crustal river, which offers new researching train of thought for further analyzing the deep dynamical mechanics in this area.
引文
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