区域体波层析成像方法研究及在巴楚地区的应用
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摘要
地震是一盏照亮地球内部的明灯，通过层析成像方法地球物理学家可以“看”地下结构。在过去的几十年里，通过地球物理学家的努力，以及随着其它学科(如数学)和观测技术的发展层析成像方法得到了飞速发展，并取得了丰硕的成果。目前，在众多方法中，赵大鹏先生地震层析成像方法是一种快速、准确、经济、实用的方法。本文在学习赵大鹏先生的层析成像方法的基础上，针对层析成像方法在实际应用中可能遇到的问题，即无法处理带有钟差的走时数据，发展T_s-T_p方法来解决这一问题，并通过修改赵大鹏先的tomogla程序实现T_s-T_p方法。设计了一套流程，来验证该方法和程序的正确性。
2003年2月24日，在新疆维吾尔自治区巴楚—伽师地区很小的范围内发生了Ms6.8级地震，震后余震丰富，位置距1997年伽师强震群很近，地震活动性既有差异，又有相似之处。利用2003年巴楚—伽师Ms6.8级强震及余震现场观测资料，通过查阅文献以及大量的实际计算，从大量的一维初始速度模型以及不同分辨率的模型中筛选出了认为是最佳的一维初始速度模型以及给出可靠的分辨率尺度和网格结点。并将T_s-T_p成像方法应用到这一地区，得到了这一地区上地壳的速度结构。初步研究结果表明：1．)P波速度在2公里深度时表现出了较强的横向非均匀性，这可能与地表近4公里厚的沉积层有关。2．)P波速度在5公里到14公里深度出现了北西和北东向的两条相交高值异常带。2003年巴楚—伽师地震主要发生在高值带上或其过渡带上。3．)从P波速度图像与断裂的对应关系，认为隐伏下苏洪—麦盖提断裂穿过结晶基底，为2003年巴楚—伽师强震群发震断裂。4．)沿39.5度S波速度异常剖面图上，在5到10公里深度间存在S波低速异常层。5．)P波与S波的波速比在8、14公里深度出现了范围较大的高值区，这反映了这一范围可能相对较软或有地下水侵入。
Earthquake is bright lamp, which illuminate the interior of the Earth.Geophysicist can 'see' the internal structure of the earth by means of seismictomographic methods. There have been significant advances in the theoryand application of seismic tomographic methods in the last decades, as aresult of efforts of geophysicist and with the development of other sciences,e.g. math, and observation technique. At the present time, the seismictomography methods developed by Dapen Zhao (hereinafter is called zhao'sseismic tomography) is an effective, economical, accurate and practicalmethods among methods of numerous seismic tomography. T_s-T_p methodof seismic tomography was proposed, in purpose to get a high-resolutiontomographic imagings, which takes advantage of not only a normal seismicdata set but also seismic data set with clock error, and the T_s-T_p methodwas realized by modifying the zhao's seismic tomography, after studying thezhao's seismic tomography in earnest. Moreover, a process was designed toverify the correctness of T_s-T_p.
On Feb. 24, 2003, a strong earthquake (Ms6.8) occurred at the border ofBachu and Jiashi in Xinjiang autonomous region, western China. There arelarge numbers of aftershock. The location of Ms6.8 is near to a strong swarmin 1997. We collected the phase of Ms6.8 earthquake and aftershocks inBachu-Jiashi in 2003, and sift out initial 1-D velocity model, after readingrelated papers and trying a mass of models. At last we select a reliable size ofresolution and network grid from large number of test result. T_s-T_p seismictomography was applied to Bachu-Jiashi area and upper-crust velocity imagein this area was obtained. Results as following: A) P-Velocity at 2km depth isstrongly horizontal heterogeneity. This phenomenon maybe are related to theuppermost illuvial horizon about 4km thickness. B) P-velocity between 5kmand 14km depth suggests that there exist two high and conjugated velocityzone, one trending NE and the other NW. The NW high velocity zone issimilar in the shape to the distribution of aftershocks. C) According to the relation of P velocity imaging and the faults of studied area, it is consideredthat the hidden Meigaiti-Xiasuhong fault pass throng the crystallinebasement and is a fault for Jiashi strong earthquake in 2003. D) TheS-velocity slice along 39.5°N suggest that there exit slow-velocity layerbetween 5km and 10km depth. E) The high Vp/Vs region at 8km and 14kmmaybe caused by a softer medium than medium in same layer or invadingfluid.
2003年2月24日，在新疆维吾尔自治区巴楚—伽师地区很小的范围内发生了Ms6.8级地震，震后余震丰富，位置距1997年伽师强震群很近，地震活动性既有差异，又有相似之处。利用2003年巴楚—伽师Ms6.8级强震及余震现场观测资料，通过查阅文献以及大量的实际计算，从大量的一维初始速度模型以及不同分辨率的模型中筛选出了认为是最佳的一维初始速度模型以及给出可靠的分辨率尺度和网格结点。并将T_s-T_p成像方法应用到这一地区，得到了这一地区上地壳的速度结构。初步研究结果表明：1．)P波速度在2公里深度时表现出了较强的横向非均匀性，这可能与地表近4公里厚的沉积层有关。2．)P波速度在5公里到14公里深度出现了北西和北东向的两条相交高值异常带。2003年巴楚—伽师地震主要发生在高值带上或其过渡带上。3．)从P波速度图像与断裂的对应关系，认为隐伏下苏洪—麦盖提断裂穿过结晶基底，为2003年巴楚—伽师强震群发震断裂。4．)沿39.5度S波速度异常剖面图上，在5到10公里深度间存在S波低速异常层。5．)P波与S波的波速比在8、14公里深度出现了范围较大的高值区，这反映了这一范围可能相对较软或有地下水侵入。
Earthquake is bright lamp, which illuminate the interior of the Earth.Geophysicist can 'see' the internal structure of the earth by means of seismictomographic methods. There have been significant advances in the theoryand application of seismic tomographic methods in the last decades, as aresult of efforts of geophysicist and with the development of other sciences,e.g. math, and observation technique. At the present time, the seismictomography methods developed by Dapen Zhao (hereinafter is called zhao'sseismic tomography) is an effective, economical, accurate and practicalmethods among methods of numerous seismic tomography. T_s-T_p methodof seismic tomography was proposed, in purpose to get a high-resolutiontomographic imagings, which takes advantage of not only a normal seismicdata set but also seismic data set with clock error, and the T_s-T_p methodwas realized by modifying the zhao's seismic tomography, after studying thezhao's seismic tomography in earnest. Moreover, a process was designed toverify the correctness of T_s-T_p.
On Feb. 24, 2003, a strong earthquake (Ms6.8) occurred at the border ofBachu and Jiashi in Xinjiang autonomous region, western China. There arelarge numbers of aftershock. The location of Ms6.8 is near to a strong swarmin 1997. We collected the phase of Ms6.8 earthquake and aftershocks inBachu-Jiashi in 2003, and sift out initial 1-D velocity model, after readingrelated papers and trying a mass of models. At last we select a reliable size ofresolution and network grid from large number of test result. T_s-T_p seismictomography was applied to Bachu-Jiashi area and upper-crust velocity imagein this area was obtained. Results as following: A) P-Velocity at 2km depth isstrongly horizontal heterogeneity. This phenomenon maybe are related to theuppermost illuvial horizon about 4km thickness. B) P-velocity between 5kmand 14km depth suggests that there exist two high and conjugated velocityzone, one trending NE and the other NW. The NW high velocity zone issimilar in the shape to the distribution of aftershocks. C) According to the relation of P velocity imaging and the faults of studied area, it is consideredthat the hidden Meigaiti-Xiasuhong fault pass throng the crystallinebasement and is a fault for Jiashi strong earthquake in 2003. D) TheS-velocity slice along 39.5°N suggest that there exit slow-velocity layerbetween 5km and 10km depth. E) The high Vp/Vs region at 8km and 14kmmaybe caused by a softer medium than medium in same layer or invadingfluid.
引文
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