提高地震信号保真度处理方法研究
摘要
在大庆油田开发的中、后期,潜在油藏多为岩性油藏,因此油藏描述、储层预测等岩性勘探技术得到高度重视,这就要求地震资料处理要有较高的保真度。本项目本着科研为生产服务的宗旨,对叠前高保真去噪技术、球面扩散及吸收补偿技术、地保一致性振幅补偿技术等进行了深入的研究,取得了较大技术突破。对兴城及古龙地区的地震资料进行了保真性试验处理,见到了比较明显的效果。重新处理的剖面基本上消除了非地质因素造成的振幅、频率及相位等特性差异,使真正的地质现象及其变化规律在地震剖面上得到了较好的展示,与一般处理的剖面相比具有频带宽、信噪比高、稳定地层横向能量均衡、层间信息丰富且相对关系正确等特点。对处理结果进行了波阻抗反演剖面的对比分析,经地质人员解释认为,重新反演的结果能正确反映地层沉积的规律及各地层的波组特性。与以往的反演结果相比在分辨率及保真性等方面均有较大的突破。
Songliao basin is a sedimentary basin of large scale continental and thin interbed deposit, which has the characteristics of gentle formation, small structure magnitude, more faults and short breakaway distance, more oil-bearing formations and small single layer sandstone thickness. Majority of reservoir is lithologic oil reservoir under tectonic setting. Especially in midterm and later stage of Oilfield development, potential oil reservoir is lithologic oil reservoir, therefore lithologic exploration technology of oil reservoir description and prognostication are getting high attention.
We need higher requirement for seismic data treating fidelity,which is our pursued target. Target of reflective seismic signal fidelity processing is by analysis processing of field seismic signal to eliminate seismic signal characteristic(amplitude , frequency etc.) change which is caused by non-geological factors, to make optimum matching of seismic signal’s characteristic change and underground formation’s geological change. Effective underground reflection horizon should be displayed on final achievement ‘s cross section good, at the same time, signal characteristic‘s relative relationship of point-point should be kept on the final achievement ‘s cross section.
The research fully consider domestic and overseas development present-conditions,
existing natural resources etc. to research prestack noise offset technology, secondary refraction attenuation technology, surface compatibility amplitude remedy technology, spherical diffusion & assimilation remedy technology etc. Main achievements are as follows: I. Main method of prestack noise offset technology research is to make analog noise and actual noise offset mutually according to noise’s characteristics and by adopting noise offset technology. By test treatment of actual data, it was indicated that under prerequisite of smaller effective signal distortion the method eliminate fundamentally ground roll(surface wave), refraction wave and 50Hz industrial electric interference, after noise eliminated, shot gather record’s waveshape is natural, signal to noise ratio gets improved greatly and doesn’t produce false seismic event. II. Secondary refraction attenuation technology research: some linear interference that can’t be eliminated by conventional methods often appeared in seismic record, which is called “Secondary Refraction”, it will affect processing result’s fidelity seriously. Secondary refraction attenuation technology’s development has correctly analyzed secondary refraction’s forming mechanism and dissemination law, put forward the conception—relative apparent velocity, has made the difficult problem that secondary refraction is hard to be eliminated solved completely, considered abnormal value’s influence in linear interference, greatly improved the processing procedure fidelity. III. Surface compatibility amplitude remedy technology is an important link of signal fidelity processing. Trace equalization method which is adopted before were affected by random noise. When random is not uniform distribution on cross section, big error would be produced, may destroy true amplitude information. The research has put forward a new seismic signal energy statistical method –“relative energy method”, can eliminate error that random noise create to amplitude computation. It’s first time to consider error that seismic trace quality brings to amplitude statistics, to design seismic trace quality judgment method, according to given threshold value to accept or reject surface compatibility processing and stacked seismic trace, to lighten bad individual quality affect on stack seismic trace amplitude value. IV. Spherical diffusion & assimilation remedy technology when seismic wave spread underground, with extending of propagation distance, it’s energy and apparent frequency lower gradually. Factors that cause seismic wave’s decay are many such as spherical diffusion etc., therefore to eliminate earth
Songliao basin is a sedimentary basin of large scale continental and thin interbed deposit, which has the characteristics of gentle formation, small structure magnitude, more faults and short breakaway distance, more oil-bearing formations and small single layer sandstone thickness. Majority of reservoir is lithologic oil reservoir under tectonic setting. Especially in midterm and later stage of Oilfield development, potential oil reservoir is lithologic oil reservoir, therefore lithologic exploration technology of oil reservoir description and prognostication are getting high attention.
We need higher requirement for seismic data treating fidelity,which is our pursued target. Target of reflective seismic signal fidelity processing is by analysis processing of field seismic signal to eliminate seismic signal characteristic(amplitude , frequency etc.) change which is caused by non-geological factors, to make optimum matching of seismic signal’s characteristic change and underground formation’s geological change. Effective underground reflection horizon should be displayed on final achievement ‘s cross section good, at the same time, signal characteristic‘s relative relationship of point-point should be kept on the final achievement ‘s cross section.
The research fully consider domestic and overseas development present-conditions,
existing natural resources etc. to research prestack noise offset technology, secondary refraction attenuation technology, surface compatibility amplitude remedy technology, spherical diffusion & assimilation remedy technology etc. Main achievements are as follows: I. Main method of prestack noise offset technology research is to make analog noise and actual noise offset mutually according to noise’s characteristics and by adopting noise offset technology. By test treatment of actual data, it was indicated that under prerequisite of smaller effective signal distortion the method eliminate fundamentally ground roll(surface wave), refraction wave and 50Hz industrial electric interference, after noise eliminated, shot gather record’s waveshape is natural, signal to noise ratio gets improved greatly and doesn’t produce false seismic event. II. Secondary refraction attenuation technology research: some linear interference that can’t be eliminated by conventional methods often appeared in seismic record, which is called “Secondary Refraction”, it will affect processing result’s fidelity seriously. Secondary refraction attenuation technology’s development has correctly analyzed secondary refraction’s forming mechanism and dissemination law, put forward the conception—relative apparent velocity, has made the difficult problem that secondary refraction is hard to be eliminated solved completely, considered abnormal value’s influence in linear interference, greatly improved the processing procedure fidelity. III. Surface compatibility amplitude remedy technology is an important link of signal fidelity processing. Trace equalization method which is adopted before were affected by random noise. When random is not uniform distribution on cross section, big error would be produced, may destroy true amplitude information. The research has put forward a new seismic signal energy statistical method –“relative energy method”, can eliminate error that random noise create to amplitude computation. It’s first time to consider error that seismic trace quality brings to amplitude statistics, to design seismic trace quality judgment method, according to given threshold value to accept or reject surface compatibility processing and stacked seismic trace, to lighten bad individual quality affect on stack seismic trace amplitude value. IV. Spherical diffusion & assimilation remedy technology when seismic wave spread underground, with extending of propagation distance, it’s energy and apparent frequency lower gradually. Factors that cause seismic wave’s decay are many such as spherical diffusion etc., therefore to eliminate earth
引文
[1] 王建民等.高分辨率处理技术在松辽盆地中浅层岩性油藏勘探中的应用,大庆石油地质与开发,2004 年05 期,107—109 页
[2] 李文艳等.消除50Hz 干扰波的地震资料处理新方法,大庆石油地质与开发,2001 年05 期,67 页—68 页
[3] 董世学等.地震检波器的性能与精确地震勘探,石油物探,2000 年02 期,123 页—130 页
[4] 夏洪瑞等.地震资料处理中相干干扰消除方法分析,石油物探,2003 年04 期,525 页—529 页
[5] 熊翥.我国物探技术的进步及展望,石油地球物理勘探,2003 年05 期,565 页—578 页
[6] 王振华等.复杂地表条件下的静校正方法,石油地球物理勘探,2003 年05 期,487 页—500 页
[7] 李建荣等.开发地震的几个问题初探,石油物探,2003 年02 期,279 页—284 页
[8] 曹延军等.叠前时间偏移技术及应用,断块油气田,2004 年05 期,21 页—22 页
[9] 胡中平. 第65 届EAGE 年会勘探地球物理技术综述,勘探地球物理进展,2003 年Z1 期,333 页—338 页
[10] 宋炜.球面波近似快速波前射线追踪,勘探地球物理进展,2003 年04期,255 页—259 页
[11] 刘财.刘洋等.均匀倾斜层状地层中地震波球面扩散补偿方法研究,地球物理学进展,2004 年03 期,590 页—595 页
[12] 刘振峰. 郝天珧等.地震资料在层序地层学中的应用进展,地球物理学进展,2003 年01 期,24 页—29 页
[13] 凌云研究小组. 应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小于1/4波长地质目标,石油地球物理勘探,2003 年03 期,268 页—274 页
[14] 吕新华,邹伟. 浅谈中原油田开发地震技术应用现状,断块油气田,2002年02 期,37 页—39 页
[15] 凌云.大地吸收衰减分析,石油地球物理勘探,2001 年01 期,1 页—8页
[16] 郜延红.周云轩等.地球物理位场可视化建模初步探讨,长春科技大学学报,2000 年02 期
[17] 武文波等.基于重叠变换的地震数据压缩去噪. 计算机工程与应用. 2004 年35 期.
[18] 董世学等. 关于地震数据采集系统的高分辨率高保真问题. 长春科技大学学报.1995 年02 期
[19] 张宝金.去噪强度、去噪效率与振幅保真. 石油地球物理勘探. 2002年01 期
[20] 林继武. 储层目标地震资料保真处理新技术. 中国海上油气(地质).1994 年01 期
[21] 王雪秋等. 高保真地震数据采集的问题探讨. 吉林地质. 2002 年21期
[22] 甘其刚等. 叠前时空域线性干扰的衰减及应用. 石油物探. 2004 年02 期
[23] 蒋连斌等. 一种去面波的新方法. 石油地球物理勘探. 1997 年S2 期
[24] 黄真萍等. 薄层地震属性参数分析和厚度预测. 石油物探. 1997 年03 期
[25] 徐锦玺等. 检波器尾锥结构对地震采集信号的影响. 石油地球物理勘探. 1999 年02 期
[26] 王文良. 新一代遥测数字地震仪对提高采集质量的作用. 物探装备. 1999 年01 期
[27] 夏勇. 可控震源高保真地震数据采集方法. 物探装备. 2000 年02 期
[28] 程玖兵等. 带误差补偿的有限差分叠前深度偏移方法. 石油地球物理勘探. 2001 年04 期
[29] 钱忠平等.一种自动识别和压制地震资料中高频噪声的方法. 石油地球物理勘探. 1997 年03 期
[30] 陈湛文等.基于空间变换的F-X 域地震去噪新方法. 大庆石油地质与开发. 2002 年03 期
[31] 郭勇等. 高分辨率地震资料处理技术. 大庆石油地质与开发. 2002 年05 期
[32] 寿朋等.拟合零炮检距剖面与分辨率. 石油地球物理勘探. 1995 年02期
[33] 罗维炳. 陆上地震数据采集系统探讨. 石油仪器. 2002 年01 期
[34] 徐淑合等. 准噶尔盆地沙漠区地震检波器耦合研究. 青岛海洋大学学 报(自然科学版). 2003 年05 期
[35] 康冶等. f-x 域去噪方法研究. 石油地球物理勘探. 2003 年02 期
[36] 吴亚东. 奇异值分解压制随机噪声的方法及应用. 新疆石油地质. 2003 年02 期
[37] 邢春颖等. 三维三分量地震资料试处理. 石油地球物理勘探. 2004 年01 期
[38] 杨忠民等.小波变换在提高资料的信噪比和分辨率中的应用. 石油地球物理勘探. 1994 年05 期
[39] 刘企英. 高信噪比、高分辨率和高保真度技术的综合研究. 石油地球物理勘探. 1994 年05 期
[40] 曲寿利. 全方位P 波属性裂缝检测方法. 石油地球物理勘探. 2001 年04 期
[41] Jock Drummond.乔大军等.适应于有噪声干扰的3D 地震资料——在Berkine 盆地通过战略性规划3D 地震勘探加快阿尔及利亚特大油气田的开发. 勘探地球物理进展. 2001 年06 期
[42] 熊永学等.FOCUS 系统在低信噪比资料处理中的去噪方法探讨.石油物探. 2002 年S1 期
[43] 刘金平等.叠前噪音衰减技术在高分辨率处理中的应用.大庆石油学院学报. 2003 年04 期
[44] 郑祝堂.塔里木盆地阿东区块二维地震资料处理技术探讨.河南石油.2003 年S1 期
[45] 张朝峰等.泌阳凹陷三维地震资料高精度处理技术.新疆石油地质.2003
[2] 李文艳等.消除50Hz 干扰波的地震资料处理新方法,大庆石油地质与开发,2001 年05 期,67 页—68 页
[3] 董世学等.地震检波器的性能与精确地震勘探,石油物探,2000 年02 期,123 页—130 页
[4] 夏洪瑞等.地震资料处理中相干干扰消除方法分析,石油物探,2003 年04 期,525 页—529 页
[5] 熊翥.我国物探技术的进步及展望,石油地球物理勘探,2003 年05 期,565 页—578 页
[6] 王振华等.复杂地表条件下的静校正方法,石油地球物理勘探,2003 年05 期,487 页—500 页
[7] 李建荣等.开发地震的几个问题初探,石油物探,2003 年02 期,279 页—284 页
[8] 曹延军等.叠前时间偏移技术及应用,断块油气田,2004 年05 期,21 页—22 页
[9] 胡中平. 第65 届EAGE 年会勘探地球物理技术综述,勘探地球物理进展,2003 年Z1 期,333 页—338 页
[10] 宋炜.球面波近似快速波前射线追踪,勘探地球物理进展,2003 年04期,255 页—259 页
[11] 刘财.刘洋等.均匀倾斜层状地层中地震波球面扩散补偿方法研究,地球物理学进展,2004 年03 期,590 页—595 页
[12] 刘振峰. 郝天珧等.地震资料在层序地层学中的应用进展,地球物理学进展,2003 年01 期,24 页—29 页
[13] 凌云研究小组. 应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小于1/4波长地质目标,石油地球物理勘探,2003 年03 期,268 页—274 页
[14] 吕新华,邹伟. 浅谈中原油田开发地震技术应用现状,断块油气田,2002年02 期,37 页—39 页
[15] 凌云.大地吸收衰减分析,石油地球物理勘探,2001 年01 期,1 页—8页
[16] 郜延红.周云轩等.地球物理位场可视化建模初步探讨,长春科技大学学报,2000 年02 期
[17] 武文波等.基于重叠变换的地震数据压缩去噪. 计算机工程与应用. 2004 年35 期.
[18] 董世学等. 关于地震数据采集系统的高分辨率高保真问题. 长春科技大学学报.1995 年02 期
[19] 张宝金.去噪强度、去噪效率与振幅保真. 石油地球物理勘探. 2002年01 期
[20] 林继武. 储层目标地震资料保真处理新技术. 中国海上油气(地质).1994 年01 期
[21] 王雪秋等. 高保真地震数据采集的问题探讨. 吉林地质. 2002 年21期
[22] 甘其刚等. 叠前时空域线性干扰的衰减及应用. 石油物探. 2004 年02 期
[23] 蒋连斌等. 一种去面波的新方法. 石油地球物理勘探. 1997 年S2 期
[24] 黄真萍等. 薄层地震属性参数分析和厚度预测. 石油物探. 1997 年03 期
[25] 徐锦玺等. 检波器尾锥结构对地震采集信号的影响. 石油地球物理勘探. 1999 年02 期
[26] 王文良. 新一代遥测数字地震仪对提高采集质量的作用. 物探装备. 1999 年01 期
[27] 夏勇. 可控震源高保真地震数据采集方法. 物探装备. 2000 年02 期
[28] 程玖兵等. 带误差补偿的有限差分叠前深度偏移方法. 石油地球物理勘探. 2001 年04 期
[29] 钱忠平等.一种自动识别和压制地震资料中高频噪声的方法. 石油地球物理勘探. 1997 年03 期
[30] 陈湛文等.基于空间变换的F-X 域地震去噪新方法. 大庆石油地质与开发. 2002 年03 期
[31] 郭勇等. 高分辨率地震资料处理技术. 大庆石油地质与开发. 2002 年05 期
[32] 寿朋等.拟合零炮检距剖面与分辨率. 石油地球物理勘探. 1995 年02期
[33] 罗维炳. 陆上地震数据采集系统探讨. 石油仪器. 2002 年01 期
[34] 徐淑合等. 准噶尔盆地沙漠区地震检波器耦合研究. 青岛海洋大学学 报(自然科学版). 2003 年05 期
[35] 康冶等. f-x 域去噪方法研究. 石油地球物理勘探. 2003 年02 期
[36] 吴亚东. 奇异值分解压制随机噪声的方法及应用. 新疆石油地质. 2003 年02 期
[37] 邢春颖等. 三维三分量地震资料试处理. 石油地球物理勘探. 2004 年01 期
[38] 杨忠民等.小波变换在提高资料的信噪比和分辨率中的应用. 石油地球物理勘探. 1994 年05 期
[39] 刘企英. 高信噪比、高分辨率和高保真度技术的综合研究. 石油地球物理勘探. 1994 年05 期
[40] 曲寿利. 全方位P 波属性裂缝检测方法. 石油地球物理勘探. 2001 年04 期
[41] Jock Drummond.乔大军等.适应于有噪声干扰的3D 地震资料——在Berkine 盆地通过战略性规划3D 地震勘探加快阿尔及利亚特大油气田的开发. 勘探地球物理进展. 2001 年06 期
[42] 熊永学等.FOCUS 系统在低信噪比资料处理中的去噪方法探讨.石油物探. 2002 年S1 期
[43] 刘金平等.叠前噪音衰减技术在高分辨率处理中的应用.大庆石油学院学报. 2003 年04 期
[44] 郑祝堂.塔里木盆地阿东区块二维地震资料处理技术探讨.河南石油.2003 年S1 期
[45] 张朝峰等.泌阳凹陷三维地震资料高精度处理技术.新疆石油地质.2003