波阻抗反演在煤厚变化解释中的应用研究
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摘要
随着大型综采设备被应用于煤炭开采,煤矿生产对巷道布置有了新要求、煤炭生产速度大幅提高,因此对煤层资料尤其是对煤层厚度资料有了更高的要求。以往采用的煤厚解释方法手段没有充分利用已有的地震、地质资料,为了提高对煤层厚度的解释精度,为煤炭生产提供更为准确的地质资料,本文引入波阻抗反演方法对煤层厚度进行预测。
文章从介绍反演技术的基本方法入手,分别介绍了道积分反演、递推反演和模型反演三种主要反演方法及其优缺点。针对本次研究的重点,在文中侧重论述了测井约束反演中STRATA波阻抗反演方法,该方法有效地将测井资料垂向分辨率高的特点和地震资料横向分辨率高的特点有效结合起来,达到对煤层识别的目的。
本次研究选择了三种不同地质条件下的三维地震资料进行STRATA反演:虎豹湾区煤层倾角小,构造简单;红果子区,煤层倾角大,构造一般;大佛寺区煤层倾角小,构造简单,煤层薄到特厚,煤层厚度变化大。通过测井资料预处理、层位解释、子波提取、层位标定、模型建立与修正、煤厚计算等一系列的分析与实践,得到了较为理想的波阻抗数据体及三个工区的煤层厚度变化趋势图。分析各个工区的实际情况及所得到的反演结果,认为当煤层与围岩存在明显波阻抗差异,有良好的地震反射记录时,STRATA反演都能取得良好的反演效果,当存在断层、褶皱等构造时,可以借助层位控制来解释该处的煤层厚度。
With the large-scale mechanized mining equipment used in coal mining, coal thickness may affect the roadway layout and the progress of coal production. The previous interpretation of coal thickness without full use of existing seismic and geological data, In order to improve the accuracy of the interpretation of coal thickness, provide a more accurate geological information, especially the coal seam thickness, Here we introduce the impedance inversion method to predict coal thickness.
This paper describes the basic method of inversion, include the integral inverse, recursive inversion and model inversion methods, and then introduced their advantages and disadvantages. Amang many logging constrained inversion methods,this paper discussed the STRATA wave impedance inversion method,which effectively combine high vertical resolution logging data and seismic data characterized in high lateral resolution together to achieve the purpose of identification of the coal seam.
This study selected 3D seismic data of three different geological conditions to do wave impedance STRATA inversion: Hu Baowang Area, small seam angle, simple structure; Hong Guozi, dip seam angle, general structure; Da Fosi area,small angle of coal seam, Simple construction, thin to thick coal seams, high grade of coal seam thickness. By logging pretreatment, layer explaination, wavelet extraction, layer calibration, modeling and correction, coal seam thickness calculation,etc. a series of operations, We get some ideal wave impedance data and coal seam thickness trends of the three working areas. Analyzing the actual situation in each work area and the inversion results obtained, it is resulted that, STRATA inversion can get good quality result, only when the coal and rock have obvious difference in acoustic impedance, and have a good record of seismic reflection. If the fault and fold structures exist, we could explain the coal seam thickness by control layer .
文章从介绍反演技术的基本方法入手,分别介绍了道积分反演、递推反演和模型反演三种主要反演方法及其优缺点。针对本次研究的重点,在文中侧重论述了测井约束反演中STRATA波阻抗反演方法,该方法有效地将测井资料垂向分辨率高的特点和地震资料横向分辨率高的特点有效结合起来,达到对煤层识别的目的。
本次研究选择了三种不同地质条件下的三维地震资料进行STRATA反演:虎豹湾区煤层倾角小,构造简单;红果子区,煤层倾角大,构造一般;大佛寺区煤层倾角小,构造简单,煤层薄到特厚,煤层厚度变化大。通过测井资料预处理、层位解释、子波提取、层位标定、模型建立与修正、煤厚计算等一系列的分析与实践,得到了较为理想的波阻抗数据体及三个工区的煤层厚度变化趋势图。分析各个工区的实际情况及所得到的反演结果,认为当煤层与围岩存在明显波阻抗差异,有良好的地震反射记录时,STRATA反演都能取得良好的反演效果,当存在断层、褶皱等构造时,可以借助层位控制来解释该处的煤层厚度。
With the large-scale mechanized mining equipment used in coal mining, coal thickness may affect the roadway layout and the progress of coal production. The previous interpretation of coal thickness without full use of existing seismic and geological data, In order to improve the accuracy of the interpretation of coal thickness, provide a more accurate geological information, especially the coal seam thickness, Here we introduce the impedance inversion method to predict coal thickness.
This paper describes the basic method of inversion, include the integral inverse, recursive inversion and model inversion methods, and then introduced their advantages and disadvantages. Amang many logging constrained inversion methods,this paper discussed the STRATA wave impedance inversion method,which effectively combine high vertical resolution logging data and seismic data characterized in high lateral resolution together to achieve the purpose of identification of the coal seam.
This study selected 3D seismic data of three different geological conditions to do wave impedance STRATA inversion: Hu Baowang Area, small seam angle, simple structure; Hong Guozi, dip seam angle, general structure; Da Fosi area,small angle of coal seam, Simple construction, thin to thick coal seams, high grade of coal seam thickness. By logging pretreatment, layer explaination, wavelet extraction, layer calibration, modeling and correction, coal seam thickness calculation,etc. a series of operations, We get some ideal wave impedance data and coal seam thickness trends of the three working areas. Analyzing the actual situation in each work area and the inversion results obtained, it is resulted that, STRATA inversion can get good quality result, only when the coal and rock have obvious difference in acoustic impedance, and have a good record of seismic reflection. If the fault and fold structures exist, we could explain the coal seam thickness by control layer .
引文
[1]王秀东,施龙青,陈清静.地震测井联合物性参数反演在煤炭岩性勘探中的应用[J].华北地震科学,2008,26(3): 53-56.
[2]栾颖,冯暄,刘财,等.刘洋波阻抗反演技术的研究现状及发展[J].吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(增刊).
[3] Geophysics .Cooked A,S Chneider W A. Generalized linear inversion of reflections seismic data [J].1983,48(6):665-675.
[4]周竹生,周熙襄.宽带约束反演方法[J]石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(5): 523-536.
[5]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道广义线性反演[J].石油物探,1996, 35( 4): 11-17.
[6]林小竹,杨慧珠,汤磊,等.无井多适反演[J],石油地球物理勘探,998, 33(4): 448-452.
[7]林小竹,杨慧珠.有井多道反演[XJ],石油物探,1999,38(4): 44-50.
[8] Whitcom be D N.Elasticinpedance nom a lization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[9]Whitcom be D N.Extended elastic inpendance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[10]郑晓芳.地震多属性反演方法的研究及应用.中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文.2008,5.
[11]严又生译.Alistair R Brown.地震属性及其分类[J].国外油气勘探,1997,9(4):529-530.
[12]康玉柱,张希明,凌文虎,等.中国新疆地区油气地质牲及资质评价[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.2001,260-270.
[13]吕复苏,黄小平,任涛.地震属性信息在沙砾油藏开发中的应用[J].新疆石油地质.2003,24(4):310-312.
[14]居春荣,地震技术在岩性油藏滚动开发中的应用[J],现代地质.2004,18(2):244-248.
[15]张勇,宁维琪.基于储集层地质模式用多种地震属性能数预测砂体含油气[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(2):196-198.
[16]张宏彬,何樵登.宽带约束反演[J].石油物探,1995,34(4): 1-10.
[17]姚振兴,张霖斌.叠后地震剖而的线性化波阻抗反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995, 30(5): 609-615.
[18]赵政璋,王英民.储层地震预测理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2005.
[19]何超群.测井约束地震反演的现状和发展[M].科学资讯,2008.
[20]皱才能,张颖.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.9.
[21]刘喜开,年静波,吴海波,等.几种地震波阻抗反演方法的比较分析与综合应用[J].世界地质,2005,24(3):270-275.
[22]刘百红,郑四连,关达.拟声波宽带约束波阻抗反演在储层预测中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(6).
[23]张学芳,董月昌,慎国强,等.曲线重构技术在测井约束反演中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发.2005,32(3).
[24]丘兆泰,鲍五堂,张爱印,等.用STRATA进行地震数据反演.中国煤田地质,2006.
[25]张继武.应用STRATA软件进行地震数据反演的几点认识.新疆石油地质,1999,20(1).
[26]郭伟,代宗仰,尹宏,等.叠后波阻抗约束反演若干问题[J].断块油田,2006.
[27]郭伟,代宗仰,尹宏,等.叠后波阻抗约束的演若干问题[J].断块油田,2006.
[28]李大心主编.球物理方法综合应用与解释[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2003.5.
[29]王捷.油藏描述—勘探阶段[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1996.207-208.
[30]万应明,高峻.多测井曲线合成应用方法初探[J].石油物探.2005,44(1):71-75.
[31]刘伍,崔若飞,高级.波阻抗反演在煤炭资源勘探中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质.2008,20(6):59-62.
[32]崔若飞,孙学凯,崔大尉.地震反演—煤田地震勘探的新进展[J].中国煤炭地质.2008,20(6):49-52.
[33]刘伍,崔若飞,高级.地震反演技术在煤田岩性地震勘探中的应用.煤矿深部开采地质保障技术研究与应用.116-121.
[2]栾颖,冯暄,刘财,等.刘洋波阻抗反演技术的研究现状及发展[J].吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(增刊).
[3] Geophysics .Cooked A,S Chneider W A. Generalized linear inversion of reflections seismic data [J].1983,48(6):665-675.
[4]周竹生,周熙襄.宽带约束反演方法[J]石油地球物理勘探,1993,28(5): 523-536.
[5]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道广义线性反演[J].石油物探,1996, 35( 4): 11-17.
[6]林小竹,杨慧珠,汤磊,等.无井多适反演[J],石油地球物理勘探,998, 33(4): 448-452.
[7]林小竹,杨慧珠.有井多道反演[XJ],石油物探,1999,38(4): 44-50.
[8] Whitcom be D N.Elasticinpedance nom a lization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[9]Whitcom be D N.Extended elastic inpendance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[10]郑晓芳.地震多属性反演方法的研究及应用.中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文.2008,5.
[11]严又生译.Alistair R Brown.地震属性及其分类[J].国外油气勘探,1997,9(4):529-530.
[12]康玉柱,张希明,凌文虎,等.中国新疆地区油气地质牲及资质评价[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.2001,260-270.
[13]吕复苏,黄小平,任涛.地震属性信息在沙砾油藏开发中的应用[J].新疆石油地质.2003,24(4):310-312.
[14]居春荣,地震技术在岩性油藏滚动开发中的应用[J],现代地质.2004,18(2):244-248.
[15]张勇,宁维琪.基于储集层地质模式用多种地震属性能数预测砂体含油气[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(2):196-198.
[16]张宏彬,何樵登.宽带约束反演[J].石油物探,1995,34(4): 1-10.
[17]姚振兴,张霖斌.叠后地震剖而的线性化波阻抗反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995, 30(5): 609-615.
[18]赵政璋,王英民.储层地震预测理论与实践[M].科学出版社,2005.
[19]何超群.测井约束地震反演的现状和发展[M].科学资讯,2008.
[20]皱才能,张颖.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.9.
[21]刘喜开,年静波,吴海波,等.几种地震波阻抗反演方法的比较分析与综合应用[J].世界地质,2005,24(3):270-275.
[22]刘百红,郑四连,关达.拟声波宽带约束波阻抗反演在储层预测中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(6).
[23]张学芳,董月昌,慎国强,等.曲线重构技术在测井约束反演中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发.2005,32(3).
[24]丘兆泰,鲍五堂,张爱印,等.用STRATA进行地震数据反演.中国煤田地质,2006.
[25]张继武.应用STRATA软件进行地震数据反演的几点认识.新疆石油地质,1999,20(1).
[26]郭伟,代宗仰,尹宏,等.叠后波阻抗约束反演若干问题[J].断块油田,2006.
[27]郭伟,代宗仰,尹宏,等.叠后波阻抗约束的演若干问题[J].断块油田,2006.
[28]李大心主编.球物理方法综合应用与解释[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2003.5.
[29]王捷.油藏描述—勘探阶段[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1996.207-208.
[30]万应明,高峻.多测井曲线合成应用方法初探[J].石油物探.2005,44(1):71-75.
[31]刘伍,崔若飞,高级.波阻抗反演在煤炭资源勘探中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质.2008,20(6):59-62.
[32]崔若飞,孙学凯,崔大尉.地震反演—煤田地震勘探的新进展[J].中国煤炭地质.2008,20(6):49-52.
[33]刘伍,崔若飞,高级.地震反演技术在煤田岩性地震勘探中的应用.煤矿深部开采地质保障技术研究与应用.116-121.
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