大规模陆上地震仪器中高速可靠数据传输方法的研究
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摘要
石油是重要的战略资源,随着科技的进步石油资源在人们生活中的地位也越来越重要,日益增加的石油需求与石油油藏的逐渐减少的矛盾日益凸显。随着我国经济的快速发展,国内对石油的需求也越来越大,石油已经成为关系国计民生的重要战略资源。地震勘探作为油气勘探的重要手段,现在50%以上的勘探都采用地震勘探方法。面对国内现有油藏埋藏地质环境复杂,埋藏深度大等特点,高精度,高密度成为未来地震仪器发展的方向。
在以前地震仪器中,百兆以太网、RS485等传输方式被广泛使用,但是对万道,十万道以上地震仪器上述传输方式已经无法满足地震仪器数据传输的需求。千兆以太网会在今后的地震数据传输中发挥重要的作用。OSI/RM协议和TCP/IP协议都曾作为地震仪器数据传输部分的控制协议来实现地震数据的可靠传输。但是在高密度地震数据采集过程中这些协议是否还能继续使用,是一个值得研究的问题。据文献测试数据表明在百兆以下处理1bit的TCP数据大约会消耗1Hz的CPU,如果传输速度超过百兆,接近千兆时候每1bit数据所需要消耗的CPU资源将会加速增长。在高数据率的情况下如果仍旧采用目前的协议,将对CPU的处理能力提出较高要求。经过测试使用400Mhz的PowerPC ,TCP/IP的吞吐率为220Mbps。采用更高处理能力的CPU会带来功耗增大,体积增大,成本增加等问题。论文针对地震数据传输的特点进行了从软件协议栈优化和利用硬件通信加速两种方法来大幅减轻CPU工作量,并且提高数据传输效率。主要具体工作有:
针对地震数据传输系统设计专有协议,并加以实现,使现有CPU数据处理能力最大化。对地震数据采集的数据传输特点和可靠传输的通用方案进行了分析,针对地震数据的特点结合跨层精简的思路给出了优化的协议模型。根据这个模型设计了一种高效率的数据传输协议。协议主要目的是为了在高速数据传输情况下实现高效率的可靠数据传输,并且协议也应该具有流量控制功能,以及简单的路由功能。
为了提高数据传输速率,采用了优化数据链路层驱动的方法:(1)合并中断以减少中断次数;(2)根据以太网控制器缓冲描述指针的特点优化数据在内存中的分布策略,减少内存拷贝的次数。在路由选择方面,把路由选择和数据链路层驱动进行结合,减少了系统的开销。在差错控制方面,通过“分组等待,选择重传”的方式实现了高效率的可靠数据传输。在流量控制方面,采用了类令牌环结构,这种结构可以和“分组等待,选择重传”的差错控制方式紧密结合,从而保证了系统的效率。
通过以上手段,新协议RHDT(Reliable High-speed Data Transmissionprotocol)可以在满足可靠性情况下提高数据传输速度。经过测试在相同硬件配置下可靠数据传速率从TCP/IP的220Mbps提高到920Mbps。
使用硬件实现部分协议栈功能减轻CPU负担。在FPGA中完成可靠性检测,数据重传等模块,降低CPU在传输协议上的负担。FPGA配合CPU实现地震数据的可靠性传输,充分利用了FPGA处理在并行事件处理上的优势,不仅传输效率相比纯软件实现有了提高,而且降低了CPU数据传输方面的消耗。在硬件加速的条件下,通过仿真传输速度可以达到满负荷千兆以太网传输速度的95%以。
本文分为以下几个部分。
第一章作为绪论介绍了地震仪器的发展过程以及地震仪器的发展现状。以及论文研究的意义。
第二章讨论了地震仪器的发展方向--大道数,小道间距。并且介绍了现有地震仪器中适用的数据传输方式。并且结合地震仪器数据传输的特点提出了在地震仪器发展过程中千兆以太网在交叉站一级数据传输的应用的现状和前景。
第三章分析了几种可靠传输的策略的效率,并分析了TCP/IP和可靠UDP协议中使用的可靠传输的策略。并且对现有地震仪器中使用的可靠传输方式进行分析。提出了在新的地震仪器中原有的协议已经不再适合,需要结合地震仪器数据传输的特点来设计一种新的协议。
第四章结合跨层设计思想设计了新的协议模型,并且结合协议模型实现了新的协议。新的协议具有可靠传输,流量控制,简单的路由功能。新的协议可靠传输采用分组等待选择重发的策略,这个策略和变形的令牌环结构相结合实现了高效率的可靠性传输。
第五章针对纯软件协议栈存在CPU占用过高,不能很好的进行并行数据处理的问题,提出了使用FPGA硬件辅助实现可靠性传输。并且设计了FPGA上的可靠性传输的模块,并加以仿真,验证了思路的可行性。
第六章是全文的总结和展望,对全文观点进行总结,并指明了本问的创新之处以及需要注意的问题,并且为下一步的发展方向进行预测。
Oil is the most important strategic resources, with the development of science technology and the improvement of living standard. With the high-speed development of economy, the demand for oil is on the increase. Oil is a restrict factor which has effect on the national economic plan, development and the society stable. Seismic exploration has been taken as an important measure to oil exploration. More than half of the oil exploration is seismic exploration. Based on the characters of complex geological environment, High Accuracy and High Density Seismic Exploration are the direction and inevitable choice for future seismic instrumentation.
Fast Ethernet and RS485 is widely used is seismic instrumentation design, but they cannot gratify demand of development of the seismic instrumentation. Gigabit Ethernet will play an important part in the data transmission of seismic instrumentation. OSI/RM protocol and TCP/IP protocol which realizes Reliable data transmission has been used in the data transmission of seismic instrumentation. According to Pitcairn: processing 1bit TCP data use about 1 Hz CPU under 100Mbps. With the higher transmission speeds processing 1bit TCP data consume more than 1 Hz CPU. If the old agreement is still in used, higher performance is required for the data-processing ability of CPU. According to the test, the throughput of TCP/IP is 220Mbps by using PowerPC which is working in 400Mhz. Using more powerful CPU will bring the increasing power, volume, cost and other issues. Based on the characters of seismic data transmission, the methods that software protocol optimization and hardware accelerators are used to reduce the burden of CPU and increase the throughput of data. The main specific works are:
According to the character of data transmission of seismic, a Proprietary protocol is designed and achieved. By using the protocol the data processing ability of CPU is maximized. Analyzed traditional data transmission protocol, and according to the character of seismic data transmission, an optimization module is designed. Based on this model devised a highly efficient data transfer protocol, during the implementation, the mac driver is optimized by interrupt merging, and Combined with a simple routing. The reliability of data transmission is achieved by using group waiting and resending choosing. A method which is similar Token Ring is combined whit group waiting and choosing resending and this method Provide a traffic control. The new protocol that named RHDE (reliable high speed data transmission protocol) can increase the data transmission speed and achieve Reliable transmission. Test shows the speed by using RHDT protocol is up to 920Mbps.
Parts of the protocol stack use the hardware features to reduce CPU burden. Reliability checking and data resend module is completed in FPGA. By this way the CPU burdens is offload. For reliable transmission CPU is assisted with the FPGA. By this way, the ability that FPGA handle events in parallel is fully used. Not only the transmission efficiency which compared to pure software has been improved, but also reduced the consumption of CPU in data transmission.The result is expect to reach the limit speed of Gigabit Ethernet.
This paper is divided into the following chapters.
Chapter I is introduction, introducing the development and current status of seismic instruments and research purpose and meaning.
Chapter II is introduces the direction of seismic instruments -- large number and small group interval. Then we introduced the data transmission mode which used in seismic instruments. And combined the data transmission characteristics of seismic, the using prospect of the Gigabit Ethernet is also been discussed.
Chapter III describes the efficiency of several reliable transmission strategy .And the reliable transmission strategies which is used in TCP/IP and reliable UDP is analyzed. We proposed that the original agreement is no longer appropriate to the new seismic instruments. A new protocol which is combined data transmission characteristics of seismic instruments is required.
Chapter IV designed a new protocol model with Cross-layer design. The new protocol is carry out. The new protocol has the reliable transmission, flow control function and include a simple routing capability. A method which is similar Token Ring is combined with group waiting and choosing resending and this method provide a traffic control. A high efficiency can archive by using the method above. Chapter V proposed using FPGA hardware-assisted transfer to achieve reliability data transmission to solve the high usage of CPU and the defects that cannot do parallel data processing. The designed the reliability of the transmission model. Finally, the feasibility of the model is tested through the emulative result.
Chapter VI is a summary of this paper, and concluded that further research directions.
在以前地震仪器中,百兆以太网、RS485等传输方式被广泛使用,但是对万道,十万道以上地震仪器上述传输方式已经无法满足地震仪器数据传输的需求。千兆以太网会在今后的地震数据传输中发挥重要的作用。OSI/RM协议和TCP/IP协议都曾作为地震仪器数据传输部分的控制协议来实现地震数据的可靠传输。但是在高密度地震数据采集过程中这些协议是否还能继续使用,是一个值得研究的问题。据文献测试数据表明在百兆以下处理1bit的TCP数据大约会消耗1Hz的CPU,如果传输速度超过百兆,接近千兆时候每1bit数据所需要消耗的CPU资源将会加速增长。在高数据率的情况下如果仍旧采用目前的协议,将对CPU的处理能力提出较高要求。经过测试使用400Mhz的PowerPC ,TCP/IP的吞吐率为220Mbps。采用更高处理能力的CPU会带来功耗增大,体积增大,成本增加等问题。论文针对地震数据传输的特点进行了从软件协议栈优化和利用硬件通信加速两种方法来大幅减轻CPU工作量,并且提高数据传输效率。主要具体工作有:
针对地震数据传输系统设计专有协议,并加以实现,使现有CPU数据处理能力最大化。对地震数据采集的数据传输特点和可靠传输的通用方案进行了分析,针对地震数据的特点结合跨层精简的思路给出了优化的协议模型。根据这个模型设计了一种高效率的数据传输协议。协议主要目的是为了在高速数据传输情况下实现高效率的可靠数据传输,并且协议也应该具有流量控制功能,以及简单的路由功能。
为了提高数据传输速率,采用了优化数据链路层驱动的方法:(1)合并中断以减少中断次数;(2)根据以太网控制器缓冲描述指针的特点优化数据在内存中的分布策略,减少内存拷贝的次数。在路由选择方面,把路由选择和数据链路层驱动进行结合,减少了系统的开销。在差错控制方面,通过“分组等待,选择重传”的方式实现了高效率的可靠数据传输。在流量控制方面,采用了类令牌环结构,这种结构可以和“分组等待,选择重传”的差错控制方式紧密结合,从而保证了系统的效率。
通过以上手段,新协议RHDT(Reliable High-speed Data Transmissionprotocol)可以在满足可靠性情况下提高数据传输速度。经过测试在相同硬件配置下可靠数据传速率从TCP/IP的220Mbps提高到920Mbps。
使用硬件实现部分协议栈功能减轻CPU负担。在FPGA中完成可靠性检测,数据重传等模块,降低CPU在传输协议上的负担。FPGA配合CPU实现地震数据的可靠性传输,充分利用了FPGA处理在并行事件处理上的优势,不仅传输效率相比纯软件实现有了提高,而且降低了CPU数据传输方面的消耗。在硬件加速的条件下,通过仿真传输速度可以达到满负荷千兆以太网传输速度的95%以。
本文分为以下几个部分。
第一章作为绪论介绍了地震仪器的发展过程以及地震仪器的发展现状。以及论文研究的意义。
第二章讨论了地震仪器的发展方向--大道数,小道间距。并且介绍了现有地震仪器中适用的数据传输方式。并且结合地震仪器数据传输的特点提出了在地震仪器发展过程中千兆以太网在交叉站一级数据传输的应用的现状和前景。
第三章分析了几种可靠传输的策略的效率,并分析了TCP/IP和可靠UDP协议中使用的可靠传输的策略。并且对现有地震仪器中使用的可靠传输方式进行分析。提出了在新的地震仪器中原有的协议已经不再适合,需要结合地震仪器数据传输的特点来设计一种新的协议。
第四章结合跨层设计思想设计了新的协议模型,并且结合协议模型实现了新的协议。新的协议具有可靠传输,流量控制,简单的路由功能。新的协议可靠传输采用分组等待选择重发的策略,这个策略和变形的令牌环结构相结合实现了高效率的可靠性传输。
第五章针对纯软件协议栈存在CPU占用过高,不能很好的进行并行数据处理的问题,提出了使用FPGA硬件辅助实现可靠性传输。并且设计了FPGA上的可靠性传输的模块,并加以仿真,验证了思路的可行性。
第六章是全文的总结和展望,对全文观点进行总结,并指明了本问的创新之处以及需要注意的问题,并且为下一步的发展方向进行预测。
Oil is the most important strategic resources, with the development of science technology and the improvement of living standard. With the high-speed development of economy, the demand for oil is on the increase. Oil is a restrict factor which has effect on the national economic plan, development and the society stable. Seismic exploration has been taken as an important measure to oil exploration. More than half of the oil exploration is seismic exploration. Based on the characters of complex geological environment, High Accuracy and High Density Seismic Exploration are the direction and inevitable choice for future seismic instrumentation.
Fast Ethernet and RS485 is widely used is seismic instrumentation design, but they cannot gratify demand of development of the seismic instrumentation. Gigabit Ethernet will play an important part in the data transmission of seismic instrumentation. OSI/RM protocol and TCP/IP protocol which realizes Reliable data transmission has been used in the data transmission of seismic instrumentation. According to Pitcairn: processing 1bit TCP data use about 1 Hz CPU under 100Mbps. With the higher transmission speeds processing 1bit TCP data consume more than 1 Hz CPU. If the old agreement is still in used, higher performance is required for the data-processing ability of CPU. According to the test, the throughput of TCP/IP is 220Mbps by using PowerPC which is working in 400Mhz. Using more powerful CPU will bring the increasing power, volume, cost and other issues. Based on the characters of seismic data transmission, the methods that software protocol optimization and hardware accelerators are used to reduce the burden of CPU and increase the throughput of data. The main specific works are:
According to the character of data transmission of seismic, a Proprietary protocol is designed and achieved. By using the protocol the data processing ability of CPU is maximized. Analyzed traditional data transmission protocol, and according to the character of seismic data transmission, an optimization module is designed. Based on this model devised a highly efficient data transfer protocol, during the implementation, the mac driver is optimized by interrupt merging, and Combined with a simple routing. The reliability of data transmission is achieved by using group waiting and resending choosing. A method which is similar Token Ring is combined whit group waiting and choosing resending and this method Provide a traffic control. The new protocol that named RHDE (reliable high speed data transmission protocol) can increase the data transmission speed and achieve Reliable transmission. Test shows the speed by using RHDT protocol is up to 920Mbps.
Parts of the protocol stack use the hardware features to reduce CPU burden. Reliability checking and data resend module is completed in FPGA. By this way the CPU burdens is offload. For reliable transmission CPU is assisted with the FPGA. By this way, the ability that FPGA handle events in parallel is fully used. Not only the transmission efficiency which compared to pure software has been improved, but also reduced the consumption of CPU in data transmission.The result is expect to reach the limit speed of Gigabit Ethernet.
This paper is divided into the following chapters.
Chapter I is introduction, introducing the development and current status of seismic instruments and research purpose and meaning.
Chapter II is introduces the direction of seismic instruments -- large number and small group interval. Then we introduced the data transmission mode which used in seismic instruments. And combined the data transmission characteristics of seismic, the using prospect of the Gigabit Ethernet is also been discussed.
Chapter III describes the efficiency of several reliable transmission strategy .And the reliable transmission strategies which is used in TCP/IP and reliable UDP is analyzed. We proposed that the original agreement is no longer appropriate to the new seismic instruments. A new protocol which is combined data transmission characteristics of seismic instruments is required.
Chapter IV designed a new protocol model with Cross-layer design. The new protocol is carry out. The new protocol has the reliable transmission, flow control function and include a simple routing capability. A method which is similar Token Ring is combined with group waiting and choosing resending and this method provide a traffic control. A high efficiency can archive by using the method above. Chapter V proposed using FPGA hardware-assisted transfer to achieve reliability data transmission to solve the high usage of CPU and the defects that cannot do parallel data processing. The designed the reliability of the transmission model. Finally, the feasibility of the model is tested through the emulative result.
Chapter VI is a summary of this paper, and concluded that further research directions.
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