基于三维激光扫描测绘系统的森林计测学研究
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摘要
本研究以三维激光扫描仪为采集信息手段,运用工业测量技术,通过计算机进行三维图像拼接处理,提取胸径、树高、材积及树冠体积表面积等因子,形成基于三维激光测绘系统的测树技术体系。研究的意义在于为丰富传统的数据采集方法与测树理论进行基础探索性的研究。三维激光扫描仪可以将树木的立体模型在计算机上恢复,从而提供更多更全面的测量值,为研究树干、树冠形状、材积、生物量等提供了可靠的数据基础,进而为森林资源的动态监测奠定基础。
本文在国家自然科学基金中国西部的环境和生态科学重大计划项目《森林生物量定位精准监测模型与技术基础研究》及国家863计划项目的支持下,在甘肃小陇山林业局进行了实地调查及实验取样工作。研究主要利用三维激光扫描测绘系统作为数据获取与分析的基础手段,结合样地及样本数据,以分形分析,线性及非线性回归、误差分析为主要方法,重点分析研究了如下问题:三维激光扫描测绘系统应用于森林计测的可行性,并以此为基础编制无伐立木材积表;以立木扫描数据为基础,对树干、树冠分形特征进行研究,并分析树木的直径生长过程;以扫描数据为基础,建立了生物量模型,同时将树冠体积、表面积引入了生物量模型。
经过对实验的总结和对数据的分析,本研究根据林业调查的特点及环境条件,将工业测量技术用于森林计测当中,总结出一个规范、实用的工作流程,为今后的应用奠定了基础。经过对三维激光扫描测绘系统进行测树的可行性论证,表明扫描结果精度很好,可以作为森林计测的基础数据。以三维激光扫描数据为基础,编制了立木材积表,并与实测的材积进行了对比,结果表明扫描数据编制的材积表完全可以应用于实际工作,以三维激光测绘系统为工具进行立木材积表的编制是一种便捷、资源损失少的方法。以全树的扫描数据为基础,对树干的分形特征进行了研究,从整体上对树干形状进行描述,采用R/S方法对直径的生长过程进行了分析,建立了分形生长H指数模型,可用于森林生长量的预测。以三维激光扫描数据为基础,建立了生物量模型,并主要从预测的角度构建了评价指标。从各项指标来看,拟合效果很好,能够用来进行生物量的估测。构建了树冠体积表面积的非线性回归模型,以此为基础,进行了树冠分形结构的分析,探讨了分形指标的生态学意义,建立了包含树冠因子的生物量模型,提高了生物量估测的精度。
论文主要创新点包括:(1)在森林计测中,使用三维激光扫描技术,在不伐倒、锯开、爬树的情况下对树木进行测量,提出了立木测量的新方法。(2)以三维激光扫描测量系统为数据获取手段,提出了建立无伐立木材积表的新方法。(3)对立木的分形特征进行了分析,并建立了分形生长H指数模型,是一种树木生长预测的新方法。(4)提出了三维激光扫描测绘系统的树冠测量方法,建立了树冠体积回归模型,是对树冠体积测量及应用分析的新尝试,并对树冠分形结构进行了分析,构建了包含树冠因子的生物量模型。
This research make use of three dimension laser scanner for collecting information and utilize industry measure technique to handle three dimension image mosaic and distill the gene as DBH、tree height、volume、treecrownvolume and treecrownarea,to form the technical system that based on three dimension laser surveying&mapping system .The meaning of this research is to abundance traditional means of collecting information and Forest Measurement theory . The Three dimension laser scanner can resume the tree diorama in computer so it can offer more and full scale measure value and provide credible data base for bole、the shape of treecrown、volume and biomass.
This text carried through the on the spot investigate and experiment sampling work on Xiaolongshan forest office in GanSu province which depends on Nation natural science fund China west circumstance and zoology science bigness plan item《Forest biomass orientation extractive inspect model and technique basic research》.The research mostly make use of three dimension laser scanning and surveying&mapping system to capture and analyze data, at the same time combining the methods of fractal analysis、linearity and nonlinearity regress、error analysis. This text Emphases analysis these problems: feasibility of three dimension laser scanning and surveying&mapping system which applied in forest calculating & surveying in order to workout non-cut stumpage volume table; Based on stumpage scanned data, do the research of fractal character of bole and treecrown, and analysis the growth process of diameter of the tree; Based on scanned data, setting up biomass model and importing treecrownvolume、treecrownarea into the model.
Through the sum up of experiment and analysis of data, this research use industry measured technique into forest calculating & surveying which based on the characteristic of forest investigate, then sum up a criterion and applied work flow which can establish the base for the future application. Through the feasibility argumentation of three dimension laser scanning and surveying&mapping system to measure trees which shows that it can by way of the basic data of forest calculating & surveying because the precision of the scanned result is better. This research based on the three dimension laser scanned data , working out the stumpage volume table, and compared with practicable volume which shows that stumpage volume table worked out by scanned data entirely
本文在国家自然科学基金中国西部的环境和生态科学重大计划项目《森林生物量定位精准监测模型与技术基础研究》及国家863计划项目的支持下,在甘肃小陇山林业局进行了实地调查及实验取样工作。研究主要利用三维激光扫描测绘系统作为数据获取与分析的基础手段,结合样地及样本数据,以分形分析,线性及非线性回归、误差分析为主要方法,重点分析研究了如下问题:三维激光扫描测绘系统应用于森林计测的可行性,并以此为基础编制无伐立木材积表;以立木扫描数据为基础,对树干、树冠分形特征进行研究,并分析树木的直径生长过程;以扫描数据为基础,建立了生物量模型,同时将树冠体积、表面积引入了生物量模型。
经过对实验的总结和对数据的分析,本研究根据林业调查的特点及环境条件,将工业测量技术用于森林计测当中,总结出一个规范、实用的工作流程,为今后的应用奠定了基础。经过对三维激光扫描测绘系统进行测树的可行性论证,表明扫描结果精度很好,可以作为森林计测的基础数据。以三维激光扫描数据为基础,编制了立木材积表,并与实测的材积进行了对比,结果表明扫描数据编制的材积表完全可以应用于实际工作,以三维激光测绘系统为工具进行立木材积表的编制是一种便捷、资源损失少的方法。以全树的扫描数据为基础,对树干的分形特征进行了研究,从整体上对树干形状进行描述,采用R/S方法对直径的生长过程进行了分析,建立了分形生长H指数模型,可用于森林生长量的预测。以三维激光扫描数据为基础,建立了生物量模型,并主要从预测的角度构建了评价指标。从各项指标来看,拟合效果很好,能够用来进行生物量的估测。构建了树冠体积表面积的非线性回归模型,以此为基础,进行了树冠分形结构的分析,探讨了分形指标的生态学意义,建立了包含树冠因子的生物量模型,提高了生物量估测的精度。
论文主要创新点包括:(1)在森林计测中,使用三维激光扫描技术,在不伐倒、锯开、爬树的情况下对树木进行测量,提出了立木测量的新方法。(2)以三维激光扫描测量系统为数据获取手段,提出了建立无伐立木材积表的新方法。(3)对立木的分形特征进行了分析,并建立了分形生长H指数模型,是一种树木生长预测的新方法。(4)提出了三维激光扫描测绘系统的树冠测量方法,建立了树冠体积回归模型,是对树冠体积测量及应用分析的新尝试,并对树冠分形结构进行了分析,构建了包含树冠因子的生物量模型。
This research make use of three dimension laser scanner for collecting information and utilize industry measure technique to handle three dimension image mosaic and distill the gene as DBH、tree height、volume、treecrownvolume and treecrownarea,to form the technical system that based on three dimension laser surveying&mapping system .The meaning of this research is to abundance traditional means of collecting information and Forest Measurement theory . The Three dimension laser scanner can resume the tree diorama in computer so it can offer more and full scale measure value and provide credible data base for bole、the shape of treecrown、volume and biomass.
This text carried through the on the spot investigate and experiment sampling work on Xiaolongshan forest office in GanSu province which depends on Nation natural science fund China west circumstance and zoology science bigness plan item《Forest biomass orientation extractive inspect model and technique basic research》.The research mostly make use of three dimension laser scanning and surveying&mapping system to capture and analyze data, at the same time combining the methods of fractal analysis、linearity and nonlinearity regress、error analysis. This text Emphases analysis these problems: feasibility of three dimension laser scanning and surveying&mapping system which applied in forest calculating & surveying in order to workout non-cut stumpage volume table; Based on stumpage scanned data, do the research of fractal character of bole and treecrown, and analysis the growth process of diameter of the tree; Based on scanned data, setting up biomass model and importing treecrownvolume、treecrownarea into the model.
Through the sum up of experiment and analysis of data, this research use industry measured technique into forest calculating & surveying which based on the characteristic of forest investigate, then sum up a criterion and applied work flow which can establish the base for the future application. Through the feasibility argumentation of three dimension laser scanning and surveying&mapping system to measure trees which shows that it can by way of the basic data of forest calculating & surveying because the precision of the scanned result is better. This research based on the three dimension laser scanned data , working out the stumpage volume table, and compared with practicable volume which shows that stumpage volume table worked out by scanned data entirely
引文
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