复式行星排动力特性及其止推垫圈磨损特性研究
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摘要
复式行星排在机械传动系统特别是车辆自动变速器中获得了广泛应用，其性能的好坏对自动变速器具有重要影响。如何减振降噪、如何提高均载效果是复式行星排动力特性研究的主要内容，而在直齿复式行星排的应用中，存在着行星轮与行星架止推垫圈间的严重磨损问题，机理不明。因此，对复式行星排的动力学特性及止推垫圈的磨损特性进行研究，是提高自动变速器性能的重要课题。
第一章对复式行星排的应用进行了介绍，然后阐述了论文的研究背景及研究意义。接下来对以往研究工作进行了总结，着重综述了行星齿轮传动固有振动、均载特性、止推垫圈轴向力及磨损的研究现状，为本文开展研究指明了方向。最后介绍了本文的研究思路及主要研究内容。
第二章建立了复式行星排动力学模型。首先建立了复式行星排模型的动坐标系；然后在考虑啮合副的时变啮合刚度、齿形误差及行星轮啮合相位等因素的基础上，建立了复式行星排各构件振动微分方程；最后，将各个构件的动力学方程综合获得系统的弹性动力学模型，为后续研究打下理论基础。
第三章对第二章建立的系统模型简化为自由振动模型，求解了系统的固有振动频率及振型，将各工况下的固有振型分为三类：中心构件扭转振动模式、中心构件平移扭摆振动模式和(双)行星轮振动模式。接着分析了系统固有频率对各主要参数的灵敏度，研究了各参数影响下的固有频率模态跃迁现象。最后，研究了齿轮副时变啮合刚度及陀螺效应对系统固有频率的影响。
第四章分析了影响均载特性的时变和时不变误差，对第二章方程进行了补充修正，确定了复式行星排均载特性的衡量参数；然后研究了主要误差、运行条件、支撑刚度、啮合刚度时变性及行星轮个数对行星排均载特性的影响，并进行了试验研究。
第五章通过试验对直齿复式行星排行星轮与行星架间轴向作用力问题进行了研究分析，获得了轴向作用力与径向作用力的关系，并对轴向力产生机理进行了分析。
第六章介绍了垫圈的工作环境及工作状态，然后建立了垫圈的热负荷模型，通过有限元法对垫圈的温度场及其影响因素进行了研究，最后对垫圈的热-结构耦合特性进行了研究。
第七章对全文工作进行了总结，并对进一步的工作进行了展望。
Compound planetary gear set (CPGS) is widely applied in the mechanicaltransmission systems,especially in automatic transmission system.The performanceof CPGS has an important influence on the automatic transmission system.How toreduce noise and vibration and how to improve the effectiveness of load sharing aremain research contents of the dynamic characteristics of CPGS.In the application ofthe spur CPGS,the washer between planetary gear and the frame was distressedheavily and the reason is unknown.Therefore,it's the important subject for theimprovement of the automatic transmission system to research the dynamiccharacteristics,load sharing and the reason of washer distress.
ChapterⅠ,the application of CPGS was introduced and the background andresearch significance were discussed.Then the work of previous studies weresummarized,focusing on an overview of planetary gear free vibration characteristics,load sharing,axial force and distress of the washer.Finally,research idea and themain study of this paper were introduced.
ChapterⅡ,the dynamic model of CPGS was established.Firstly,the movingcoordinate system of CPGS were established;then considering time-varying meshingpair mesh stiffness,tooth profile error,the planetary gear meshing phase and otherfactors the vibration differential equations of each CPGS component were establish;Finally,the equations of each component were integrated to obtain the systemdynamic model for the future research.
ChapterⅢ,system model of chapter II was simplified as the free vibrationmodel of the system to solve the inherent vibration frequency and vibration mode.The inherent vibration modes are divided into three categories:torsional vibrationmode of central component,translational and torsion pendulum vibration mode of thecenter component and (double) planetary gear vibration mode.Then the sensitivity ofnatural frequencies to the main parameters was studied and the phenomenon of modal transition was investigated.Finally,the influence of time-varying mesh stiffness andgyroscopic effect on the natural frequencies was studied.
ChapterⅣ,both time-varying and time-invariant errors which influence the loadsharing of CPGS was analyzed.The dynamic equations of Chapter II were modifiedand the coefficient of load sharing was defined.Then the influence of main errors,operating conditions,support stiffness,time-varying mesh stiffness and the number ofplanetary gear on load sharing of CPGS was studied.Finally,tests were carried out.
ChapterⅤ,experiment was done to research the axial force between planetarygear and frame and the relation between axial force and radian force was obtained.The theoretical analysis of generation mechanism of axiai force was discussed.
ChapterⅥ,the operating status and the environment of the washer weredescribed and then the thermal model of the washer was set up.The washer'stemperature field was solved by finite element method and its influencing factorswere also studied.Finally,the thermal-structure coupling characteristics of the washerwere investigated.
ChapterⅦ,the main results and conclusions of the dissertation weresystematically summarized;the prospects and study emphases of the further researchwork were discussed and forecast.
第一章对复式行星排的应用进行了介绍，然后阐述了论文的研究背景及研究意义。接下来对以往研究工作进行了总结，着重综述了行星齿轮传动固有振动、均载特性、止推垫圈轴向力及磨损的研究现状，为本文开展研究指明了方向。最后介绍了本文的研究思路及主要研究内容。
第二章建立了复式行星排动力学模型。首先建立了复式行星排模型的动坐标系；然后在考虑啮合副的时变啮合刚度、齿形误差及行星轮啮合相位等因素的基础上，建立了复式行星排各构件振动微分方程；最后，将各个构件的动力学方程综合获得系统的弹性动力学模型，为后续研究打下理论基础。
第三章对第二章建立的系统模型简化为自由振动模型，求解了系统的固有振动频率及振型，将各工况下的固有振型分为三类：中心构件扭转振动模式、中心构件平移扭摆振动模式和(双)行星轮振动模式。接着分析了系统固有频率对各主要参数的灵敏度，研究了各参数影响下的固有频率模态跃迁现象。最后，研究了齿轮副时变啮合刚度及陀螺效应对系统固有频率的影响。
第四章分析了影响均载特性的时变和时不变误差，对第二章方程进行了补充修正，确定了复式行星排均载特性的衡量参数；然后研究了主要误差、运行条件、支撑刚度、啮合刚度时变性及行星轮个数对行星排均载特性的影响，并进行了试验研究。
第五章通过试验对直齿复式行星排行星轮与行星架间轴向作用力问题进行了研究分析，获得了轴向作用力与径向作用力的关系，并对轴向力产生机理进行了分析。
第六章介绍了垫圈的工作环境及工作状态，然后建立了垫圈的热负荷模型，通过有限元法对垫圈的温度场及其影响因素进行了研究，最后对垫圈的热-结构耦合特性进行了研究。
第七章对全文工作进行了总结，并对进一步的工作进行了展望。
Compound planetary gear set (CPGS) is widely applied in the mechanicaltransmission systems,especially in automatic transmission system.The performanceof CPGS has an important influence on the automatic transmission system.How toreduce noise and vibration and how to improve the effectiveness of load sharing aremain research contents of the dynamic characteristics of CPGS.In the application ofthe spur CPGS,the washer between planetary gear and the frame was distressedheavily and the reason is unknown.Therefore,it's the important subject for theimprovement of the automatic transmission system to research the dynamiccharacteristics,load sharing and the reason of washer distress.
ChapterⅠ,the application of CPGS was introduced and the background andresearch significance were discussed.Then the work of previous studies weresummarized,focusing on an overview of planetary gear free vibration characteristics,load sharing,axial force and distress of the washer.Finally,research idea and themain study of this paper were introduced.
ChapterⅡ,the dynamic model of CPGS was established.Firstly,the movingcoordinate system of CPGS were established;then considering time-varying meshingpair mesh stiffness,tooth profile error,the planetary gear meshing phase and otherfactors the vibration differential equations of each CPGS component were establish;Finally,the equations of each component were integrated to obtain the systemdynamic model for the future research.
ChapterⅢ,system model of chapter II was simplified as the free vibrationmodel of the system to solve the inherent vibration frequency and vibration mode.The inherent vibration modes are divided into three categories:torsional vibrationmode of central component,translational and torsion pendulum vibration mode of thecenter component and (double) planetary gear vibration mode.Then the sensitivity ofnatural frequencies to the main parameters was studied and the phenomenon of modal transition was investigated.Finally,the influence of time-varying mesh stiffness andgyroscopic effect on the natural frequencies was studied.
ChapterⅣ,both time-varying and time-invariant errors which influence the loadsharing of CPGS was analyzed.The dynamic equations of Chapter II were modifiedand the coefficient of load sharing was defined.Then the influence of main errors,operating conditions,support stiffness,time-varying mesh stiffness and the number ofplanetary gear on load sharing of CPGS was studied.Finally,tests were carried out.
ChapterⅤ,experiment was done to research the axial force between planetarygear and frame and the relation between axial force and radian force was obtained.The theoretical analysis of generation mechanism of axiai force was discussed.
ChapterⅥ,the operating status and the environment of the washer weredescribed and then the thermal model of the washer was set up.The washer'stemperature field was solved by finite element method and its influencing factorswere also studied.Finally,the thermal-structure coupling characteristics of the washerwere investigated.
ChapterⅦ,the main results and conclusions of the dissertation weresystematically summarized;the prospects and study emphases of the further researchwork were discussed and forecast.
引文
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