高可靠性行星齿轮传动设计技术及均载研究
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摘要
齿轮传动装置是核电和风电等大型能源装备中的核心装置,也是我国大型能源装备技术研发及立足国内的重要组成部分,其运行的可靠性直接关系到机组的整体性能。目前,我国核电、风电等大型能源装备中的齿轮传动装置主要依赖进口,特别是核电齿轮箱全部依赖进口,国内齿轮装置的设计和制造技术仍难以满足核电、风电等大型能源装备的使用要求。因此,对核电、风电等大型能源装备中行星齿轮传动装置的研究,将有利于提高我国齿轮行业的整体技术水平,加快我国核电、风电等大型能源装备的快速发展,尽早实现我国核电、风电等大型能源装备传动装置的国产化。
本文以百万千瓦级核电循环泵立式行星齿轮箱为研究对象,对双浮动行星齿轮传动系统的参数设计、可靠性及均载进行了较系统的研究,完善了高可靠性行星齿轮传动系统分析的理论和方法。本文完成的主要研究内容及结论有:
1.针对高可靠性、高功率密度设计技术在核电、风电等大型能源装置行星齿轮传动设计中的重要性,在设计模型中引入了模糊性和随机性参数,并以行星齿轮传动功率密度最大和内齿圈直径最小为设计目标,建立了多目标模糊可靠性优化设计数学模型。通过实例证明了该方法可以根据设计人员给定的可靠度灵活地得到设计方案,实现了高可靠性、高功率密度的设计目的。同时,该方法也适用于其它机械产品的设计,具有广泛的实用性。
2.研究了行星齿轮传动中中心距、模数和极限应力等因素对齿轮接触强度和弯曲强度模糊可靠性的影响,在此基础上,得到了齿轮接触强度和弯曲强度模糊可靠度与安全系数的关系曲线,这对高可靠性齿轮传动装置的设计具有重要的指导意义。
3.针对对均载效果有重要影响的均载机构中的薄壁鼓形齿联轴器,进行了有限元和理论研究,分析了几何参数对其变形和应力的影响,并将理论和有限元分析结果进行了对比研究,得出了一些具有指导意义的结论。在此基础上,分析计算了薄壁鼓形齿联轴器的刚度。
4.对双浮动行星齿轮传动系统进行了静力学物理和数学建模,研究了双浮动行星齿轮传动系统均载系数的计算方法。讨论了浮动结构类型、刚度、行星轮个数及转速等因素对系统均载性能的影响。
5.建立了双浮动行星齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学模型,推导了多间隙、变参数的多自由度非线性微分方程组。针对原始微分方程不利于分析和求解等问题,选取了合适的坐标变换,建立了双浮动行星齿轮传动系统非线性无量纲分析模型的统一方程。
6.根据双浮动行星齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学模型和方程,推导了在动力学条件下双浮动行星齿轮传动系统均载系数的计算方法,采用数值积分方法计算了双浮动行星齿轮系统非线性动力学模型的时域响应历程,分析了行星轮偏心误差、时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、转速、行星轮个数及浮动结构类型等因素对系统均载性能的影响。研究了主要影响因素与系统中中心轮浮动量之间的关系。
The planetary gear transmission equipment is the key device of the large-scale energy equipment, such as nuclear power and wind power etc.. It is also an important part of technology research and development for the large-scale energy equipment in China. The reliability of its operation is directly related to the whole unit's performance. At present, the gear transmission equipments used in nuclear power, wind power and other large-scale energy equipments in China rely largely on import, especially nuclear power gearboxes need to import totally. Our gear design and manufacturing technology is still difficult to meet the needs of the large energy equipment, especially in nuclear power and wind power equipments. Therefore, The researches on the planetary gear transmission equipment will take a great advantage for improving gear industry's technical level, speeding up the development of the large-scale energy equipments in China, and realizing localization of the transmission device as soon as possible in the large-scale energy equipment, such as nuclear power, wind power etc..
In this dissertation, the vertical planetary gearbox for the million-kilowatts-class nuclear power circulating pump is taken as the research object. The parameters design, reliability and load sharing in dual-floating planetary transmission system are studied. The analysis theory and methods of the gear system with high reliability are improved. The major research works and conclusions in the paper are as follows:
1. According to the importance of the high reliability, high power density in the planetary gear transmission for large-scale energy equipments, such as the nuclear power, wind power energy equipments etc., the fuzzy and random parameters are introduced in the design model. And taking the maximum power density and the smallest outer diameter of ring gear as the design objectives, the mathematical model of multi-objective fuzzy reliability optimization design is established. Examples show that the method can flexibly get design scheme according to the reliability that the designers give, the design purpose of high reliability and high power density is achieved. At the same time, the method is also applicable to the design of other mechanical products, and has a wide range of practicality.
2. The effect of center distance, modulus, limit stresses and other factors to fuzzy reliability of the gear bending strength and pitting resistance in the planetary gear transmission is studied. The curves of the relationship between fuzzy reliability and safety factor of the gear bending strength and pitting resistance are founded. These are of great guiding significance for high-reliability design of gear transmission.
3. For the thin-shell crown gear coupling that has important influence on the load sharing performance, finite element analysis and theoretical analysis are carried out; and the effects of the geometric parameters on deformation and stress are analyzed. At the same time, the comparative study of theoretical analysis and finite element analysis is done, some instructive conclusions are obtained. Finally, the stiffness of thin-shell crown gear coupling is analyzed and calculated.
4. The statics physical and mathematical models of the dual-floating planetary transmission system are established. The calculation method of the load sharing coefficient on dual-floating planetary transmission system is studied. The effects of floating structures type, stiffness, the number of planetary gear and speed on the load sharing performance of system are discussed.
5. The nonlinear dynamics model of dual-floating planetary transmission system is established. The non-linear differential equations of multi-clearance, variable parameters and the multi-degree of freedom are deduced. To deal with the problem that the original differential equations are not easy to analyze and solve, the appropriate coordinate transformation is selected, and a unified equation of analysis model of non-linear and dimensionless is established.
6. According to the nonlinear dynamics model and equations of dual-floating planetary transmission system, The calculation method of the load sharing coefficient under the conditions of dynamics is derived. Numerical integration method is used to calculate the time history of the nonlinear dynamics model in dual-floating planetary transmission system. The effects of planetary gear eccentric error, time-varying mesh stiffness, gear backlash, speed, the number of planetary gear and floating structures type on the load sharing performance of system are analyzed. The relationship between the main influence factors and floating displacement of center gears are studied.
本文以百万千瓦级核电循环泵立式行星齿轮箱为研究对象,对双浮动行星齿轮传动系统的参数设计、可靠性及均载进行了较系统的研究,完善了高可靠性行星齿轮传动系统分析的理论和方法。本文完成的主要研究内容及结论有:
1.针对高可靠性、高功率密度设计技术在核电、风电等大型能源装置行星齿轮传动设计中的重要性,在设计模型中引入了模糊性和随机性参数,并以行星齿轮传动功率密度最大和内齿圈直径最小为设计目标,建立了多目标模糊可靠性优化设计数学模型。通过实例证明了该方法可以根据设计人员给定的可靠度灵活地得到设计方案,实现了高可靠性、高功率密度的设计目的。同时,该方法也适用于其它机械产品的设计,具有广泛的实用性。
2.研究了行星齿轮传动中中心距、模数和极限应力等因素对齿轮接触强度和弯曲强度模糊可靠性的影响,在此基础上,得到了齿轮接触强度和弯曲强度模糊可靠度与安全系数的关系曲线,这对高可靠性齿轮传动装置的设计具有重要的指导意义。
3.针对对均载效果有重要影响的均载机构中的薄壁鼓形齿联轴器,进行了有限元和理论研究,分析了几何参数对其变形和应力的影响,并将理论和有限元分析结果进行了对比研究,得出了一些具有指导意义的结论。在此基础上,分析计算了薄壁鼓形齿联轴器的刚度。
4.对双浮动行星齿轮传动系统进行了静力学物理和数学建模,研究了双浮动行星齿轮传动系统均载系数的计算方法。讨论了浮动结构类型、刚度、行星轮个数及转速等因素对系统均载性能的影响。
5.建立了双浮动行星齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学模型,推导了多间隙、变参数的多自由度非线性微分方程组。针对原始微分方程不利于分析和求解等问题,选取了合适的坐标变换,建立了双浮动行星齿轮传动系统非线性无量纲分析模型的统一方程。
6.根据双浮动行星齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学模型和方程,推导了在动力学条件下双浮动行星齿轮传动系统均载系数的计算方法,采用数值积分方法计算了双浮动行星齿轮系统非线性动力学模型的时域响应历程,分析了行星轮偏心误差、时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、转速、行星轮个数及浮动结构类型等因素对系统均载性能的影响。研究了主要影响因素与系统中中心轮浮动量之间的关系。
The planetary gear transmission equipment is the key device of the large-scale energy equipment, such as nuclear power and wind power etc.. It is also an important part of technology research and development for the large-scale energy equipment in China. The reliability of its operation is directly related to the whole unit's performance. At present, the gear transmission equipments used in nuclear power, wind power and other large-scale energy equipments in China rely largely on import, especially nuclear power gearboxes need to import totally. Our gear design and manufacturing technology is still difficult to meet the needs of the large energy equipment, especially in nuclear power and wind power equipments. Therefore, The researches on the planetary gear transmission equipment will take a great advantage for improving gear industry's technical level, speeding up the development of the large-scale energy equipments in China, and realizing localization of the transmission device as soon as possible in the large-scale energy equipment, such as nuclear power, wind power etc..
In this dissertation, the vertical planetary gearbox for the million-kilowatts-class nuclear power circulating pump is taken as the research object. The parameters design, reliability and load sharing in dual-floating planetary transmission system are studied. The analysis theory and methods of the gear system with high reliability are improved. The major research works and conclusions in the paper are as follows:
1. According to the importance of the high reliability, high power density in the planetary gear transmission for large-scale energy equipments, such as the nuclear power, wind power energy equipments etc., the fuzzy and random parameters are introduced in the design model. And taking the maximum power density and the smallest outer diameter of ring gear as the design objectives, the mathematical model of multi-objective fuzzy reliability optimization design is established. Examples show that the method can flexibly get design scheme according to the reliability that the designers give, the design purpose of high reliability and high power density is achieved. At the same time, the method is also applicable to the design of other mechanical products, and has a wide range of practicality.
2. The effect of center distance, modulus, limit stresses and other factors to fuzzy reliability of the gear bending strength and pitting resistance in the planetary gear transmission is studied. The curves of the relationship between fuzzy reliability and safety factor of the gear bending strength and pitting resistance are founded. These are of great guiding significance for high-reliability design of gear transmission.
3. For the thin-shell crown gear coupling that has important influence on the load sharing performance, finite element analysis and theoretical analysis are carried out; and the effects of the geometric parameters on deformation and stress are analyzed. At the same time, the comparative study of theoretical analysis and finite element analysis is done, some instructive conclusions are obtained. Finally, the stiffness of thin-shell crown gear coupling is analyzed and calculated.
4. The statics physical and mathematical models of the dual-floating planetary transmission system are established. The calculation method of the load sharing coefficient on dual-floating planetary transmission system is studied. The effects of floating structures type, stiffness, the number of planetary gear and speed on the load sharing performance of system are discussed.
5. The nonlinear dynamics model of dual-floating planetary transmission system is established. The non-linear differential equations of multi-clearance, variable parameters and the multi-degree of freedom are deduced. To deal with the problem that the original differential equations are not easy to analyze and solve, the appropriate coordinate transformation is selected, and a unified equation of analysis model of non-linear and dimensionless is established.
6. According to the nonlinear dynamics model and equations of dual-floating planetary transmission system, The calculation method of the load sharing coefficient under the conditions of dynamics is derived. Numerical integration method is used to calculate the time history of the nonlinear dynamics model in dual-floating planetary transmission system. The effects of planetary gear eccentric error, time-varying mesh stiffness, gear backlash, speed, the number of planetary gear and floating structures type on the load sharing performance of system are analyzed. The relationship between the main influence factors and floating displacement of center gears are studied.
引文
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