满洲里-新巴尔虎右旗有色、贵金属矿床成矿系列与成矿预测
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摘要
内蒙古满洲里－新巴尔虎右旗位于额尔古纳兴安造山带的西南段，是大兴安岭成矿省内重要的有色金属和贵金属成矿带，该区极具成矿潜力。由于该区基础地质研究工作程度低，在大地构造演化、中生代火山岩划分、矿床成因类型等方面一直存在问题、分歧，已严重影响了该区的矿产勘查与找矿工作。鉴于此，本人选择该区作为博士论文的研究区，通过区域成矿背景和典型矿床的研究，总结区域成矿规律，建立区域成矿模式，指导该区有色和贵金属矿床找矿勘查工作。
本文系统地研究了满洲里-新巴尔虎右旗一带中生代火山岩地层，重新厘定了地层层序。在该区1：20万区域地质报告、内蒙古地质志和内蒙古自治区岩石地层中，该区域中生代火山岩地层的划分较为混乱，且各种报告、文章中关于中生代火山岩地层的年代、组别也不一致。笔者依据火山岩中锆石测年，结合1：20万区域地质报告、内蒙古自治区岩石地层（1996）和内蒙古地质志，并与黑龙江省大兴安岭地区地层对比，将研究区中生代火山岩重新进行了划分。中生代火山岩地层从下至上划分为塔木兰沟组（J2tm）、满克头鄂博组（J3mk）、玛尼吐组（J3mn）白垩系地层划分为白音高老组（K1by）、梅勒图组（K1m）和大磨拐河组（K1d）。
通过侵入岩岩石学、岩石化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析数据，将区内晚二叠世、晚侏罗世和早白垩世花岗岩进行了系统、综合分析研究，探讨其产出时代和环境。认为晚二叠世花岗岩和晚侏罗世、早白垩世花岗岩在岩石化学成分上同属钙碱性的酸性花岗岩类，产于岛弧或活动大陆边缘区，其形成主要与岛弧俯冲作用有关，具岛弧岩浆岩性质。尤其早白垩世花岗斑岩属中酸性的浅成次火山相的小岩枝，对于形成该区多处银、金、铜、铅、锌等浅成低温热液型矿床具有重要意义。
额尔古纳区域大地构造演化一直存在分歧。本人从区域沉积建造、岩浆建造、火山建造及构造型相等方面着手，结合我国地壳运动的几大阶段，确定了本区域的大地构造形成、发展及演化。提出研究区经历了新太古代—中元古代早期地块结晶基底形成、新元古代—早三叠世古亚洲洋弧盆体系、中三叠世以来滨太平洋活动大陆边缘3个大的构造演化阶段，9个亚构造发展阶段。
选取了研究区内5个典型矿床（点），在详细的野外调查基础上，从矿区与矿床地质特征、流体包裹体、稳定同位素方面进行了系统研究，分析了成矿机理，建立了矿床成矿模式。以新的证据论证了甲乌拉、查干布拉根银铅锌矿床成因类型为浅成低温热液型，而不是热液脉型。过去甲乌拉、查干布拉根银铅锌矿床一直被认为是热液脉型，但在以上两矿区中发现了大量冰长石化，冰长石化是浅成低温热液型矿床的典型标志，从而为以上两矿区的浅成低温热液成因提供了直接有力的证据。
从分析本区矿床的形成和时空关系、物质共生、矿床分带以及矿床类型组合方面，系统地总结了区域成矿规律。本区有色金属矿床成矿时代主要是燕山晚期，由晚侏罗世到早白垩世，斑岩型矿床成矿时代由晚侏罗世到早白垩世，浅成低温热液型矿床成矿时代主要在早白垩世。依据研究区地质特征、构造格局和构造演化的综合分析，在空间上划分了3个成矿亚带，分别为哈尼沟铜钼多金属成矿亚带、木哈尔银铅锌多金属成矿亚带和克尔伦银铅锌成矿亚带。在S、Pb、H和O同位素、流体包裹体研究的基础上，探讨了成矿物质来源，查明了成矿热液性质和矿床成因类型，主要矿床类型为斑岩型和浅成低温热液型。本区矿床的形成多与火山或次火山成矿作用有关。
通过总结不同矿床间时空演化规律，依据成矿系列理论和矿床成矿系列划分原则，将研究区内矿床划分为1个成矿系列、2个成矿亚系列、3个矿床式、3个矿床成因类型。即：与燕山晚期中酸性火山喷发-岩浆侵入作用有关的热液成矿系列；斑岩型成矿亚系列，浅成低温热液型成矿亚系列；乌奴格吐山式，甲乌拉式，大坝式；斑岩型，低硫化浅成低温热液型，高硫化浅成低温热液型。在上述研究的基础上，建立了研究区区域成矿模式。
在研究区成矿规律认识的基础上，通过厘清矿床控矿因素、总结找矿标志，并结合区域地球物理、地球化学异常分布特征，对本区进行了成矿预测。优选出2个成矿靶区、6个成矿预测区和4个成矿远景区。
2011年，本文的研究成果成功地指导了该区的地质找矿勘查工作，在查干布拉根矿区深边部探获了铅锌金属量12万吨、银金属量308吨。
Manzhouli-Xin Barag Youqi polymetallic metallogenic belt located in Inner Mongolia is animportant non-ferrous and noble metals metallogenic belt within Northeast region and throughoutChina. The belt is the region with great ore prospecting potential in the provinces located inDaxinganling. Due to the low level research on basic geology in this area, there has been a problemwith tectonic evolution, Mesozoic volcanic division and genetic type of mineral deposits, which hasa strong impact on the work of mineral exploration and prospecting in this area. In this paper, thestudy area was chosen to study the regional metallogenic background and typical deposit, summarizethe regional metallogenic regularity, establish regional metallogenic models and guide the area ofnon-ferrous and precious metal deposits prospecting work.
Mesozoic volcanic series of Xin Barag Youqi in Manzhouli Area have been systematicallystudied in this paper,stratigraphic sequences are reclassified and described. The stratigraphicclassification of Mesozoic volcanic series among1:200,000regional geological reports, geologicalnotes and data of Inner Mongolia, lithostratigraphy of the Inner Mongolia Antonomous Region are inconfusion. The geologic time and Formations of Mesozoic volcanic series in various reports andarticles are also inconsistent. Based on the data in zircon dating of volcanic,1:200,000regionalgeological reports, geological notes and data of Inner Mongolia, lithostratigraphy of the InnerMongolia Antonomous Region（1996）,and with the stratigraphic correlation of the Great Xing'anMountain Region in Heilongjiang Province, the author redivided the Mesozoic volcanic series ofresearch area. Mesozoic volcanic series can be divided into J2tm, J3mk, J3mn, from bottom to up.
Cretaceous can be divided into K1by, K1m and K1d. Based on the data of intrusive rock petrology,petrochemistry, LA-ICP-MS, zirconU-Pb, granite of Permian, late Jurassic and early Cretaceous inresearch area are studied systematically and synthetically, the age of occurrence and environment ofthe Mesozoic volcanic series have been discussed. The result of research is as follows: granite in Permian and the granit in late Jurassic and early Cretaceous all belong in the cal-alkaline acid granite,they are from island arc or epicontinental active belt, whose formation is related to northwardsubduction of the lithospheric plate, with a property of the volcanic-magmatic island arc. Granite inearly Cretaceous is in kind of acid hypabyssal subvolcanic rocks especially. It has great importance tothe formation of some hypabyssal epithermal deposit such as gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc in thisarea.
There always been difference opinions on Ergun regional tectonic evolution. Formation,development and evolution of the region's tectonic were determined in this paper with the regionaldeposition construction, magma construction, volcanic construction and structural types, combiningwith several major stages of the crustal movement in China. This study proposed that the study areahad experienced three large tectonic evolution stages including Neoarchean-the early block ofMesoproterozoic crystalline basement formation, Neoproterozoic-Early Triassic Paleoasianarc-basin system, the coast of the Pacific active continental margin since the Middle Triassic stageand nine sub-structural tectonic developing stages..
Five typical deposits were selected for this study. In this study, detailed field survey wasconducted. Mine and geological features, fluid inclusions, stable isotope were studied. Ore-formingmechanism was analyzed and a deposit metallogenic model was established. Jiawula-ChaganbulagenAg-Pb-Zn deposit has been considered to be hydrothermal vein type in the past. But in these twomining areas a large number of adularization were found. Adularization is a typical sign oflow-temperature epithermal type deposit. It is proved that Jiawula-Chaganbulagen Ag-Pb-Zndeposit is low-temperature epithermal type, not hydrothermal vein type with the above strongevidence.
Based on the analysis about the deposit formation and temporal relationships, substancesymbiosis, zoning and deposit type combination, this thesis systematically summarizes the regionalmetallogenic regularity. The District of non-ferrous metals mineralization age is late Yanshan, fromthe late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, porphyry mineralization age from Late Jurassic to earlyCretaceous, epithermal mineralization age mainly during the early cretaceous. In view of thegeological feature, tectonic pattern and tectonic evolution of the comprehensive analysis, the area isdivided into3sub-metallogenic belt, respectively, which are Hani ditch copper molybdenumpolymetal metallogenic belt, and wood Hal silver lead zinc polymetallic sub metallogenic belt andKerr Lauren silver lead zinc ore belt. As for S, Pb, H and O isotopes, fluid inclusions on the basis ofthe study, the source of ore-forming material are discussed, in order to identify the hydrothermalproperties and genetic type of the deposit, the main types of ore deposits are porphyry and epithermal.The formation of deposit and mineralization related to volcano or the subvolcano.
The deposits in the study area was divided into a series of mineralization, two metallogenicsub-series, three deposit types, three depositgenetic types based on summary of the space-timeevolution of different deposit, the theory of metallogenic series and metallogenic series classificationprinciples, which are hydrothermal mineralization series related to the Late Yanshanian acid volcaniceruptions-magmatic intrusion; porphyry-type mineralization sub-series and low temperatureepithermal sub-series; Wunugetushan type, Jiawula type, type of dam; porphyry-type,low-sulphidation low-temperature epithermal type, high-sulphidation low-temperature epithermal. Onthe basis of the above study, the regional metallogenic model for the study area was built.
Based on the metallogenic regularity of the study area, the deposit ore-controlling factors andprospecting criteria were found. Metallogenic prediction was carried out with regional geophysicaland geochemical anomalies distribution characteristics. Two target areas of mineralization, sixmetallogenic prognosis areas and four metallogenic prospect area were chosen.
We have obtained success on the geological prospecting work in this area using this researchresults in2011.120,000tons content of lead and zinc metal,308tons of silver metal has been exploredin Chagan Brad root deep and side area.
本文系统地研究了满洲里-新巴尔虎右旗一带中生代火山岩地层，重新厘定了地层层序。在该区1：20万区域地质报告、内蒙古地质志和内蒙古自治区岩石地层中，该区域中生代火山岩地层的划分较为混乱，且各种报告、文章中关于中生代火山岩地层的年代、组别也不一致。笔者依据火山岩中锆石测年，结合1：20万区域地质报告、内蒙古自治区岩石地层（1996）和内蒙古地质志，并与黑龙江省大兴安岭地区地层对比，将研究区中生代火山岩重新进行了划分。中生代火山岩地层从下至上划分为塔木兰沟组（J2tm）、满克头鄂博组（J3mk）、玛尼吐组（J3mn）白垩系地层划分为白音高老组（K1by）、梅勒图组（K1m）和大磨拐河组（K1d）。
通过侵入岩岩石学、岩石化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析数据，将区内晚二叠世、晚侏罗世和早白垩世花岗岩进行了系统、综合分析研究，探讨其产出时代和环境。认为晚二叠世花岗岩和晚侏罗世、早白垩世花岗岩在岩石化学成分上同属钙碱性的酸性花岗岩类，产于岛弧或活动大陆边缘区，其形成主要与岛弧俯冲作用有关，具岛弧岩浆岩性质。尤其早白垩世花岗斑岩属中酸性的浅成次火山相的小岩枝，对于形成该区多处银、金、铜、铅、锌等浅成低温热液型矿床具有重要意义。
额尔古纳区域大地构造演化一直存在分歧。本人从区域沉积建造、岩浆建造、火山建造及构造型相等方面着手，结合我国地壳运动的几大阶段，确定了本区域的大地构造形成、发展及演化。提出研究区经历了新太古代—中元古代早期地块结晶基底形成、新元古代—早三叠世古亚洲洋弧盆体系、中三叠世以来滨太平洋活动大陆边缘3个大的构造演化阶段，9个亚构造发展阶段。
选取了研究区内5个典型矿床（点），在详细的野外调查基础上，从矿区与矿床地质特征、流体包裹体、稳定同位素方面进行了系统研究，分析了成矿机理，建立了矿床成矿模式。以新的证据论证了甲乌拉、查干布拉根银铅锌矿床成因类型为浅成低温热液型，而不是热液脉型。过去甲乌拉、查干布拉根银铅锌矿床一直被认为是热液脉型，但在以上两矿区中发现了大量冰长石化，冰长石化是浅成低温热液型矿床的典型标志，从而为以上两矿区的浅成低温热液成因提供了直接有力的证据。
从分析本区矿床的形成和时空关系、物质共生、矿床分带以及矿床类型组合方面，系统地总结了区域成矿规律。本区有色金属矿床成矿时代主要是燕山晚期，由晚侏罗世到早白垩世，斑岩型矿床成矿时代由晚侏罗世到早白垩世，浅成低温热液型矿床成矿时代主要在早白垩世。依据研究区地质特征、构造格局和构造演化的综合分析，在空间上划分了3个成矿亚带，分别为哈尼沟铜钼多金属成矿亚带、木哈尔银铅锌多金属成矿亚带和克尔伦银铅锌成矿亚带。在S、Pb、H和O同位素、流体包裹体研究的基础上，探讨了成矿物质来源，查明了成矿热液性质和矿床成因类型，主要矿床类型为斑岩型和浅成低温热液型。本区矿床的形成多与火山或次火山成矿作用有关。
通过总结不同矿床间时空演化规律，依据成矿系列理论和矿床成矿系列划分原则，将研究区内矿床划分为1个成矿系列、2个成矿亚系列、3个矿床式、3个矿床成因类型。即：与燕山晚期中酸性火山喷发-岩浆侵入作用有关的热液成矿系列；斑岩型成矿亚系列，浅成低温热液型成矿亚系列；乌奴格吐山式，甲乌拉式，大坝式；斑岩型，低硫化浅成低温热液型，高硫化浅成低温热液型。在上述研究的基础上，建立了研究区区域成矿模式。
在研究区成矿规律认识的基础上，通过厘清矿床控矿因素、总结找矿标志，并结合区域地球物理、地球化学异常分布特征，对本区进行了成矿预测。优选出2个成矿靶区、6个成矿预测区和4个成矿远景区。
2011年，本文的研究成果成功地指导了该区的地质找矿勘查工作，在查干布拉根矿区深边部探获了铅锌金属量12万吨、银金属量308吨。
Manzhouli-Xin Barag Youqi polymetallic metallogenic belt located in Inner Mongolia is animportant non-ferrous and noble metals metallogenic belt within Northeast region and throughoutChina. The belt is the region with great ore prospecting potential in the provinces located inDaxinganling. Due to the low level research on basic geology in this area, there has been a problemwith tectonic evolution, Mesozoic volcanic division and genetic type of mineral deposits, which hasa strong impact on the work of mineral exploration and prospecting in this area. In this paper, thestudy area was chosen to study the regional metallogenic background and typical deposit, summarizethe regional metallogenic regularity, establish regional metallogenic models and guide the area ofnon-ferrous and precious metal deposits prospecting work.
Mesozoic volcanic series of Xin Barag Youqi in Manzhouli Area have been systematicallystudied in this paper,stratigraphic sequences are reclassified and described. The stratigraphicclassification of Mesozoic volcanic series among1:200,000regional geological reports, geologicalnotes and data of Inner Mongolia, lithostratigraphy of the Inner Mongolia Antonomous Region are inconfusion. The geologic time and Formations of Mesozoic volcanic series in various reports andarticles are also inconsistent. Based on the data in zircon dating of volcanic,1:200,000regionalgeological reports, geological notes and data of Inner Mongolia, lithostratigraphy of the InnerMongolia Antonomous Region（1996）,and with the stratigraphic correlation of the Great Xing'anMountain Region in Heilongjiang Province, the author redivided the Mesozoic volcanic series ofresearch area. Mesozoic volcanic series can be divided into J2tm, J3mk, J3mn, from bottom to up.
Cretaceous can be divided into K1by, K1m and K1d. Based on the data of intrusive rock petrology,petrochemistry, LA-ICP-MS, zirconU-Pb, granite of Permian, late Jurassic and early Cretaceous inresearch area are studied systematically and synthetically, the age of occurrence and environment ofthe Mesozoic volcanic series have been discussed. The result of research is as follows: granite in Permian and the granit in late Jurassic and early Cretaceous all belong in the cal-alkaline acid granite,they are from island arc or epicontinental active belt, whose formation is related to northwardsubduction of the lithospheric plate, with a property of the volcanic-magmatic island arc. Granite inearly Cretaceous is in kind of acid hypabyssal subvolcanic rocks especially. It has great importance tothe formation of some hypabyssal epithermal deposit such as gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc in thisarea.
There always been difference opinions on Ergun regional tectonic evolution. Formation,development and evolution of the region's tectonic were determined in this paper with the regionaldeposition construction, magma construction, volcanic construction and structural types, combiningwith several major stages of the crustal movement in China. This study proposed that the study areahad experienced three large tectonic evolution stages including Neoarchean-the early block ofMesoproterozoic crystalline basement formation, Neoproterozoic-Early Triassic Paleoasianarc-basin system, the coast of the Pacific active continental margin since the Middle Triassic stageand nine sub-structural tectonic developing stages..
Five typical deposits were selected for this study. In this study, detailed field survey wasconducted. Mine and geological features, fluid inclusions, stable isotope were studied. Ore-formingmechanism was analyzed and a deposit metallogenic model was established. Jiawula-ChaganbulagenAg-Pb-Zn deposit has been considered to be hydrothermal vein type in the past. But in these twomining areas a large number of adularization were found. Adularization is a typical sign oflow-temperature epithermal type deposit. It is proved that Jiawula-Chaganbulagen Ag-Pb-Zndeposit is low-temperature epithermal type, not hydrothermal vein type with the above strongevidence.
Based on the analysis about the deposit formation and temporal relationships, substancesymbiosis, zoning and deposit type combination, this thesis systematically summarizes the regionalmetallogenic regularity. The District of non-ferrous metals mineralization age is late Yanshan, fromthe late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, porphyry mineralization age from Late Jurassic to earlyCretaceous, epithermal mineralization age mainly during the early cretaceous. In view of thegeological feature, tectonic pattern and tectonic evolution of the comprehensive analysis, the area isdivided into3sub-metallogenic belt, respectively, which are Hani ditch copper molybdenumpolymetal metallogenic belt, and wood Hal silver lead zinc polymetallic sub metallogenic belt andKerr Lauren silver lead zinc ore belt. As for S, Pb, H and O isotopes, fluid inclusions on the basis ofthe study, the source of ore-forming material are discussed, in order to identify the hydrothermalproperties and genetic type of the deposit, the main types of ore deposits are porphyry and epithermal.The formation of deposit and mineralization related to volcano or the subvolcano.
The deposits in the study area was divided into a series of mineralization, two metallogenicsub-series, three deposit types, three depositgenetic types based on summary of the space-timeevolution of different deposit, the theory of metallogenic series and metallogenic series classificationprinciples, which are hydrothermal mineralization series related to the Late Yanshanian acid volcaniceruptions-magmatic intrusion; porphyry-type mineralization sub-series and low temperatureepithermal sub-series; Wunugetushan type, Jiawula type, type of dam; porphyry-type,low-sulphidation low-temperature epithermal type, high-sulphidation low-temperature epithermal. Onthe basis of the above study, the regional metallogenic model for the study area was built.
Based on the metallogenic regularity of the study area, the deposit ore-controlling factors andprospecting criteria were found. Metallogenic prediction was carried out with regional geophysicaland geochemical anomalies distribution characteristics. Two target areas of mineralization, sixmetallogenic prognosis areas and four metallogenic prospect area were chosen.
We have obtained success on the geological prospecting work in this area using this researchresults in2011.120,000tons content of lead and zinc metal,308tons of silver metal has been exploredin Chagan Brad root deep and side area.
引文
[1]程裕淇.中国大百科全书(地质卷)[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1993,343-344.
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