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微震监测在采动地质灾害监控技术中的应用研究
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摘要
微震监测是90年代国际上发展起来的一项新的物探技术,它可以应用于地质灾害监测、矿山压力监测、煤矿“两带”监测等多个领域。在国外,微震监测技术应用已经比较普遍,而国内还处于起步阶段。随着现代化建设发展,重大工程项目也越来越多,而这些工程结构及其所处地质体结构的稳定性直接关系到国计民生。各种断裂、坍塌而造成的工程地质灾害每年都给我国造成巨大的经济损失,甚至危及人民生命安全。采用微震监测技术通过实时监测岩体破裂情况,可以及时圈定灾害危险区,从而在很大程度上实现灾害的预测和防治,对减少伤亡事故具有十分重要的意义,在地质灾害监测、矿山开采、矿井安全等部门起着重要的作用。因此,设计与研发出一套安全且有效的微震安全监测系统,成为了当务之急。
     本文针对非煤矿山采动地质灾害监控技术进行了研究,介绍了微震监测系统的构成及工作原理,通过布置阵列传感器测定微震信号的到时残差,连同各传感器坐标及所测波速建立方程组,用牛顿迭代法通过LabVIEW计算出微震事件的时空结果,确定微震动源位置。同时提出了一种全新的不需要读取波形到时的微震定位方法。
     此外,编制了配套的的基于虚拟仪器LabVIEW的安全监控软件,能实现安全参数信号采集、数据处理、比较报警和分段存储数据等功能。并对非煤矿山微震监测系统的测试影响因素也进行了一定的探讨。
Microseism monitoring is a new detect objects technology that developed in the 1990s.Itcan be applied in the geological disaster,mining pressure monitoring,and the“two take" of coalmines areas monitoring and so on. The monitoring technologies of the shock have been usedmore common in foreign than our country that are still in the initial stage. With the developmentof the modern construction, more and more major projects are needed, but the stability of thegeological structure is directly related to the national economy and people’s lives. Theengineering geology damage of breakings and collapses has caused our economic loss and evenendangered people's life every year. Using monitoring technology can timely find disaster regionalthrough the real-time monitoring in order to predict and prevent for the disaster to a large extent.It is very significant for reducing the accidents and plays an important role in the geologicaldisaster monitoring,mining and the mine safety department and so on. Therefore, It becomes apriority to design and develop a safe and effective monitoring system.
     This article studied the move geological disaster of the non-coal mining,and introduced theform and principle of the monitoring system. How it works by the array sensors to measure lightthat signals is arrived, and the various sensors to coordinate and measure the waves speed, thencalculate the result of the event of a shock, determine the result of light source location. At thesame time proposed a new method which doesn't need to read the shock wave to determinelocation.
     In addition,compiling a matching safety monitoring software based on virtual instrument ofLabVIEW,which can realize the functions safe parameter signal acquisition, data processing,comparative alarm and segmented storage data etc.The factors which effect testing of themonitoring system of the non-coal mining are also discussed.
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