异构网络中垂直切换若干关键技术的研究
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摘要
移动性管理技术是未来泛在、异构网络中最具挑战性的关键技术之一。垂直切换作为支持泛在、异构的移动性管理技术中的重要控制功能，用于保证用户跨异构网络移动时的会话连续性。接入网络的异构性是支持泛在、异构的移动性管理技术面临的最大挑战，这种异构性体现在网络体系结构、网络接口协议、AAA和QoS等控制技术，以及覆盖范围、数据速率、移动性支持能力特性等各个方面。就垂直切换技术而言，异构性带来了切换性能、切换决策和互操作控制等方面的巨大挑战，现有研究还存在明显的不足：一是切换性能仍需优化。垂直切换要保证与底层接入技术的无关性，必须在高层实现，而这种高层的通用性又必然带来性能上的损失。二是缺乏高效、可行的切换决策方法。垂直切换决策是典型的多标准决策问题，现有研究还存在可行性差、乒乓效应、不利于网络资源有效利用等缺点。三是垂直切换中的互操作问题，用于处理不同接入技术在QoS、AAA等控制技术上的差异。因此，本论文的选题具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本论文系统总结了异构网络中垂直切换技术的研究现状和发展趋势，主要研究和解决垂直切换中的若干关键技术，包括典型垂直切换支持协议的性能分析、切换决策方法、连接管理实现性能优化和垂直切换中的QoS映射机制等问题。主要工作和研究内容如下：
在典型垂直切换支持协议的性能分析方面，本文充分考虑垂直切换的不对称性和无线链路误码率高的特性，引入统一的分析模型，分析了网络层、传输层和应用层的典型垂直切换支持协议MIPv6、mSCTP和SIP协议的垂直切换性能，包括基本切换信令过程的性能及不对称垂直切换过程的性能，依据典型参数给出数值结果，进行定量比较。并且，基于分析过程和结果指出影响垂直切换性能的主要因素和可能的优化方法。
在切换决策方法方面，本文提出一种基于QoS评价、面向应用特性的垂直切换决策方法。其中采用mSCTP作为多接口移动终端的传输层协议，将其多家乡性等良好特性与不确定多标准决策方法相结合。充分考虑了不同应用类型对QoS的不同需求，QoS评价和切换决策针对每个应用单独进行。选择能够满足应用对QoS要求的最恰当的网络，而非性能最佳的网络为切换目标网络。仿真结果表明，本文所提出的切换决策方法能够减少不必要的切换，并且能够在单个应用的性能优化与网络资源的有效利用之间达到良好的平衡。
在连接管理方面，本文充分利用mSCTP将基于路径的拥塞控制和基于关联的流量控制解耦合的良好特性，及其对端到端移动性的支持能力，提出一种基于mSCTP实现带宽聚合与移动性相结合的连接管理机制。定义了其中的关键路径管理功能模块，介绍了路径切换过程，并提出一种基于广义路径定义的传输路径子集选择策略。对其带宽聚合效果、传输路径子集选择策略效果和移动性支持能力分别进行了仿真试验。仿真结果表明，本文所提出的连接管理机制能够实现带宽聚合与移动性的有效结合，基于应用特性的传输路径子集选择策略具有明显的性能优势。
在垂直切换中的QoS映射机制方面，本文基于对UMTS、802.11e WLAN和802.16 WiMAX等无线接入网络中不同的QoS类定义及其QoS保证机制的研究，分析了垂直切换中的QoS映射机制研究存在的问题和挑战。并基于松耦合的网络互连结构和这些异构接入网络中QoS类的直接映射关系，针对移动用户从UMTS网络切换至802.11e EDCA、802.11e HCCA和802.16等场景，对QoS映射后的业务流性能进行了仿真试验。
Mobility management is one of the most challenging technologies in the future ubiquitous and heterogeneous network environments. As one of the key control functions of the future mobility management technology, vertical handoff is used to provide session continuity across heterogeneous networks.
The heterogeneity of different wireless access networks is the most challenging issue of the future mobility management technology. Such heterogeneity exists in the different network architectures, radio interfaces, control mechanisms such as AAA and QoS, as well as the different features in coverage, data rate and mobility supporting capability etc. With respect to the research on vertical handoff, it still faces the challenges in handoff performance, handoff decision and interoperability etc. In the existing researches, some limitations do exist: 1) Handoff performance optimization. In order to realize the access-independent handoff, vertical handoff is often implenmented at the network layer or above and incurres considerable performance problems. 2) Vertical handoff decision is a typical multi-criteria decision problem. But the existing schemes still have some disadvantages such as unfeasibility, ping-pong effects and inefficient utilization of wireless network resources. 3) The interoperability in vertical handoff must be considered to deal with the differences in the control mechanisms such as AAA and QoS.
Based on the systematical summary and analysis of the latest researches on vertical handoff, this dissertation focuses on the issues of performance analysis of the typical handoff protocols, the handoff decision method, the connectivity management, the QoS mapping in vertical handoff and so on.
The major contributions of this dissertation are as following:
1) Performance analysis of the typical vertical handoff supporting protocols. Considering the asymmetry feature of vertical handoff and the error-prone feature of wireless links, this paper analyzes the handoff performance of MIPv6 ,mSCTP and SIP based on unified analysis model. Qualitative and quantitative analysis and comparison of the handoff performance including handoff delay, handoff packet loss and signaling overhead are given accordingly. Besides, the main factors influencing vertical handoff performance are pointed out and possible performance improvement schemes are discussed.
2) With regards to the vertical handoff decision, a QoS evaluation based and application-oriented vertical handoff decision method is proposed. mSCTP is adopted as the transport layer protocol in the terminal architecture. It supports cooperation among heterogeneous network interfaces. Different QoS requirements of various application types are considered in weight value determination. The handoff decision follows "per application" and "the most suitable" principles for efficient network resources utilization. Simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the unnecessary handoff and realize well tradeoff between the performance optimization of single application and efficient utilization of network resources.
3) From vertical handoff to connectivity management based on mSCTP. A connectivity management scheme based on mSCTP is proposed to realize the integration of bandwidth aggregation and mobility supporting at transport layer. The major path management functions are defined and the path handoff procedure is introduced. A transport path subset selection policy based on wide-sense path definition is proposed. The simulations on the effect of the throughput improvement, the path subset selection policy and the mobility supporting are complemented respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can realize efficient integration of bandwidth aggregation and mobility and the application-based path subset selection policy has apparent performance advantages.
4) QoS mapping among heterogeneous wireless networks. Based on the research of the different QoS class definition and QoS guarantee mechanisms in UMTS network, 802.11e WLAN network and 802.16 WiMAX network, the problems and challenges of the QoS mapping in vertical handoff are analyzed. Based on the loose-coupling internetworking architecture of the heterogeneous access networks, the service traffic performance after the mobile users move from UMTS to 802.11e EDCA, 802.11e HCCA and 802.16 are simulated and analyzed.
This work is jointly supported by: National High-technology (863) Program of China (No. 2006 AA01Z229, No. 2005AA121630, No. 2005AA121110) and the Chinese Ministry of Education for Returnee of Studying Abroad.
本论文系统总结了异构网络中垂直切换技术的研究现状和发展趋势，主要研究和解决垂直切换中的若干关键技术，包括典型垂直切换支持协议的性能分析、切换决策方法、连接管理实现性能优化和垂直切换中的QoS映射机制等问题。主要工作和研究内容如下：
在典型垂直切换支持协议的性能分析方面，本文充分考虑垂直切换的不对称性和无线链路误码率高的特性，引入统一的分析模型，分析了网络层、传输层和应用层的典型垂直切换支持协议MIPv6、mSCTP和SIP协议的垂直切换性能，包括基本切换信令过程的性能及不对称垂直切换过程的性能，依据典型参数给出数值结果，进行定量比较。并且，基于分析过程和结果指出影响垂直切换性能的主要因素和可能的优化方法。
在切换决策方法方面，本文提出一种基于QoS评价、面向应用特性的垂直切换决策方法。其中采用mSCTP作为多接口移动终端的传输层协议，将其多家乡性等良好特性与不确定多标准决策方法相结合。充分考虑了不同应用类型对QoS的不同需求，QoS评价和切换决策针对每个应用单独进行。选择能够满足应用对QoS要求的最恰当的网络，而非性能最佳的网络为切换目标网络。仿真结果表明，本文所提出的切换决策方法能够减少不必要的切换，并且能够在单个应用的性能优化与网络资源的有效利用之间达到良好的平衡。
在连接管理方面，本文充分利用mSCTP将基于路径的拥塞控制和基于关联的流量控制解耦合的良好特性，及其对端到端移动性的支持能力，提出一种基于mSCTP实现带宽聚合与移动性相结合的连接管理机制。定义了其中的关键路径管理功能模块，介绍了路径切换过程，并提出一种基于广义路径定义的传输路径子集选择策略。对其带宽聚合效果、传输路径子集选择策略效果和移动性支持能力分别进行了仿真试验。仿真结果表明，本文所提出的连接管理机制能够实现带宽聚合与移动性的有效结合，基于应用特性的传输路径子集选择策略具有明显的性能优势。
在垂直切换中的QoS映射机制方面，本文基于对UMTS、802.11e WLAN和802.16 WiMAX等无线接入网络中不同的QoS类定义及其QoS保证机制的研究，分析了垂直切换中的QoS映射机制研究存在的问题和挑战。并基于松耦合的网络互连结构和这些异构接入网络中QoS类的直接映射关系，针对移动用户从UMTS网络切换至802.11e EDCA、802.11e HCCA和802.16等场景，对QoS映射后的业务流性能进行了仿真试验。
Mobility management is one of the most challenging technologies in the future ubiquitous and heterogeneous network environments. As one of the key control functions of the future mobility management technology, vertical handoff is used to provide session continuity across heterogeneous networks.
The heterogeneity of different wireless access networks is the most challenging issue of the future mobility management technology. Such heterogeneity exists in the different network architectures, radio interfaces, control mechanisms such as AAA and QoS, as well as the different features in coverage, data rate and mobility supporting capability etc. With respect to the research on vertical handoff, it still faces the challenges in handoff performance, handoff decision and interoperability etc. In the existing researches, some limitations do exist: 1) Handoff performance optimization. In order to realize the access-independent handoff, vertical handoff is often implenmented at the network layer or above and incurres considerable performance problems. 2) Vertical handoff decision is a typical multi-criteria decision problem. But the existing schemes still have some disadvantages such as unfeasibility, ping-pong effects and inefficient utilization of wireless network resources. 3) The interoperability in vertical handoff must be considered to deal with the differences in the control mechanisms such as AAA and QoS.
Based on the systematical summary and analysis of the latest researches on vertical handoff, this dissertation focuses on the issues of performance analysis of the typical handoff protocols, the handoff decision method, the connectivity management, the QoS mapping in vertical handoff and so on.
The major contributions of this dissertation are as following:
1) Performance analysis of the typical vertical handoff supporting protocols. Considering the asymmetry feature of vertical handoff and the error-prone feature of wireless links, this paper analyzes the handoff performance of MIPv6 ,mSCTP and SIP based on unified analysis model. Qualitative and quantitative analysis and comparison of the handoff performance including handoff delay, handoff packet loss and signaling overhead are given accordingly. Besides, the main factors influencing vertical handoff performance are pointed out and possible performance improvement schemes are discussed.
2) With regards to the vertical handoff decision, a QoS evaluation based and application-oriented vertical handoff decision method is proposed. mSCTP is adopted as the transport layer protocol in the terminal architecture. It supports cooperation among heterogeneous network interfaces. Different QoS requirements of various application types are considered in weight value determination. The handoff decision follows "per application" and "the most suitable" principles for efficient network resources utilization. Simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the unnecessary handoff and realize well tradeoff between the performance optimization of single application and efficient utilization of network resources.
3) From vertical handoff to connectivity management based on mSCTP. A connectivity management scheme based on mSCTP is proposed to realize the integration of bandwidth aggregation and mobility supporting at transport layer. The major path management functions are defined and the path handoff procedure is introduced. A transport path subset selection policy based on wide-sense path definition is proposed. The simulations on the effect of the throughput improvement, the path subset selection policy and the mobility supporting are complemented respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can realize efficient integration of bandwidth aggregation and mobility and the application-based path subset selection policy has apparent performance advantages.
4) QoS mapping among heterogeneous wireless networks. Based on the research of the different QoS class definition and QoS guarantee mechanisms in UMTS network, 802.11e WLAN network and 802.16 WiMAX network, the problems and challenges of the QoS mapping in vertical handoff are analyzed. Based on the loose-coupling internetworking architecture of the heterogeneous access networks, the service traffic performance after the mobile users move from UMTS to 802.11e EDCA, 802.11e HCCA and 802.16 are simulated and analyzed.
This work is jointly supported by: National High-technology (863) Program of China (No. 2006 AA01Z229, No. 2005AA121630, No. 2005AA121110) and the Chinese Ministry of Education for Returnee of Studying Abroad.
引文
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