用户名: 密码: 验证码:
覆膜旱作稻田土壤肥力变化研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文以常规水作和裸地旱作作对照,对覆膜旱作栽培条件下稻田土壤肥力变化进行了比较研究,结果表明:
     与常规水作相比,覆膜旱作稻田土壤容重有所下降,总孔隙度增加显著;阳离子交换量提高,pH值显著下降;土壤有机质矿化明显;土壤有机质、全氮、全磷下降;碱解氮和速效钾显著增加,速效磷略有提高;覆膜旱作稻产量有不同程度的提高。
     与常规水作相比,覆膜旱作稻田在0-10cm土壤表层的碱解氮含量有所下降,10-60cm土层的碱解氮含量有所增加;土壤速效磷含量在浅耕层(0-10cm)略有下降,中耕层(10-20cm)有所增加,深耕层(20cm以下)趋向一致。与裸地旱作相比,其碱解氮含量有所增加;速效磷含量多呈增加趋势。与常规水作和裸地旱作相比,各土层土壤速效钾含量在大部分试验点显著增加;当地下水位较低时,覆膜旱作稻田表层土壤表现积盐,地下水位较高表层表现脱盐。
     与常规水作相比,覆膜旱作稻田0-30cm表层土壤有效性锌的含量有所上升,而在30-60cm土层中趋向一致;土壤有效性铁含量在0-10cm土层有所下降,10-20cm土层有所增加,20-60cm土层相差不大。土壤的有效Cu、Mn含量在0-60cm土层中有所下降。与裸地旱作相比,覆膜旱作增加了稻田0-30cm土层中土壤有效锌、铁含量,降低了有效锰含量,有效铜含量变化不大。
     在水稻生育前期高温少雨情况下,平原地区覆膜旱作稻田碱解氮、速效磷含量呈前期有所增加,后期有所降低,尤以速效磷含量变化更为明显。覆膜旱作稻田生育前期速效钾含量明显提高,中期有所降低,收获期略有上升。各生育期土壤盐分含量有所增加,尤以幼穗分化期、收获期为甚。
Compared with traditional flooded cultivation and uncovered cultivation, the fertility characters of paddy soils with plastic film mulching cultivation were studied in this paper. The results were as follows:
    Compared with conventional flooded paddy soils, rain fed and mulching plastic film slightly reduced bulk density, increased total porosity of the soils. It greatly reduced the pH value of the soils and increased the cation exchange capacity of the soil. It markedly accelerated mineralization of the soils, which resulted in decreasing organic matter, total N, and total P of the soils and increasing available N, P, and K of the soils. It could increase the yields of rice.
    Compared with traditional flooded cultivation, film mulching cultivation reduced available N of the soils in the 0-10 cm soil layer and increased it in the 10-60 cm soil layer. It reduced available P of the soils in the shallow farming layer (0-10cm) , increased it in the middle farming layer(10-20cm ) and was almost no difference variety in the deep farming layer(20-60cm). Compared with uncovered cultivation, it increased available N, P of the soils in each soil layer. Compared with traditional flooded cultivation and uncovered cultivation, it obviously increased available K of the soils in each soil layer of most experiment sites. When underground water level was lower, mulching plastic film resulted in salt accumulate in the surface layer of soils. When underground water level was higher, it caused to takes off the salt in the surface layer of soils.
    Compared with traditional flooded cultivation, film mulching cultivation increased available Zn in the 0-30 cm layer of soils. It reduced
    
    
    available Fe of the soils in the 0-10 cm layer, increased it in the 10-20
    cm layer and was almost no difference variety in the 20-60 cm layer. It reduced available Cu, Mn of the soils in the 0-60 cm layer of soils. Compared with uncovered cultivation, film mulching cultivation increased available Zn, Fe in the 0-30 cm layer of soils and reduced available Mn in each soil layer, but available Cu was almost no difference.
    Under higher temperature and less rainfall circumstance during early growth stage of rice in plain, film mulched cultivation increased available N, P of the soils in early growth stage and reduced them during late growth stage. Film mulching cultivation increased soil available K during early growth stage, reduced it during middle growth stage, and slightly increased it after harvesting. The soil salt contents were increased in all growth stages of rice with film mulching cultivation, especially in panicle initiation stage and harvesting stage.
引文
1)Cheong JI. Effects of slow-release fertilizer application on rice grain quality at different culture methods. Korean J. Crop Sci. 1996, 41(3): 286-294
    2)Etoh H, Tsuzuhi E, Nagata M, Terao H, Mitarai M, Umezaki T, Yano k. The advance of harvesting time in early-season culture rice with polyethylene film mulching. Report of the Kyushu Branch of the Crop Science Society of Japan, 1994, 60:1
    3)Hedley MJ, Kirk GJD, Santos MB. Phosphorus utilized by upland rice cultivars. Plant and Soil, 1994, 158:53-62
    4)Niu JY, Gan YT, Zhang J W, and Yang QF. Postanthesis Dry Matter Accumulation and Redistribution in Spring Wheat Mulched with Plastic Film. Crop Sci. 1998(38): 1562-1568
    5)Kim KH et al. Varietal and environment variation of gel consistency of rice flour. Korean J. Crop Sci. 1993, 38(1): 38-45
    6)Magalhaes JR, Huber DM, Tsui CY. Influence of the form of nitrogen on ammonium amino acids and N-assimilating enzyme activity in maize genotypes. J. Plant Nutr. 1995,18(4): 747-763
    7)Mizutani M, Kalita PK, Shinde D. Effect of different rice varieties and midterm drainage practice on water requirement in dry season paddy-observational of low land in Thailand(Ⅰ).Irrigation Engineering and Rural Planning. 1989, (17):6-20
    8)Nagata M, Hiyoshi K, et al. Mulching cultivation system using polyethylene film for early-season culture rice. (Part 2) Thermal image analysis of Paddy field by thermographic system. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, 1997, 43(2): 129-136
    9)Nagata M, Hiyoshi K, et al. Mulching cultivation system by using polyethylene film for early-season culture of rice (Oryza satira) Measurement of paddy soil temperature in pot experiment. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University (Japan), 1994, 41(2): 57-64
    10)Nagata M, Tadeo BD, Hiyoshi K, Ishino F, Mitarai M, Gejima Y. Biodegradable film mulching cultivation system for early season culture rice: thermal image analyses of mulch films using thermography (Part Ⅰ). Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, 1998, 45: 1-2, 143-151
    11)Pandey N, Tripathi RS, Mittra BN. Yield. nutrient uptake and water use efficiency of rice as influenced by nitrogen and irrigation. Annals of Agricultural research. 1992, 13(4): 377-382
    12)Park H, Kim S, et al. Influences of PE film mulching and planting density on growth and yield of cotton. Korean Journal of Crop Science, 1995, 40:39-43
    13)Peng S, Shen K, Wang X, et al. A new rice cultivation technology: plastic film mulching. IRRN, 1999, 24:1,9-10
    14)Rainer E. Hausler, Ray D. Black Wall. Control of photosynthesis in barely leaves with reduced activities of glutamine synthetase or glutaminate synthase. Planta,
    
    1994, 194:406-417
    15)Resurrection AP. Effect of environment on rice amylose content. Soil Science and plant nutrition. 1977, 23(1): 109-112.
    16)Stanley H, Duke and George E. Ham. The effect of nitrogen addition on N_2-fixation and on glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase activities in activities in nodules and roots of soybeans inoculated with various strains of Rhizobium Japonicum. Plant and cell Physiol, 1990, 17:1037-1044
    17)Tadeo BD, Nagata M, Ishino F, Hiyoshi K. Mechanizing system for early-season culture rice in Japan ASAE-CSAE-SCGR. Annual International Meeting, Toroto, Ontario, Canada, 1999, 6:18-21
    18)Turner N. Plant water relation and irrigation management. Agriculture Water Management, 1990, 17:59-73
    19)Vories ED, et al. 1996, Production of water-seeded rice on a clay soil.Research Series. 453:271—274
    20)Wakamatsu M. Development of direct sowing techniques for costly rice cultivars. I. Influence of polyethylene film mulching on growth and heading date[J]. Tohoku Journal of crop science, 1997, 40:57-58
    21)Wang-Lin, Mei-Hong, Nai-Zhu, et al. Studies on weed control; in tobacco fields under plastic film mulching. Acta Phytophylaeica Sinica, 1997, 24: 3, 257-262
    22)Wu L, Zhu Z, Liang Y and Zhang F. Plastic film mulching cultivation: a new technology for resource saving water N fertiliser and reduced environmental pollution. Host W J et al. Plant nutrition—Food security and sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2001. 1024-1025
    23)陈永祥,刘孝义,刘明国.地膜覆盖栽培的土壤结构与空气状况研究.沈阳农业大学学报,1995-06,26(2):146-151
    24)程旺大,赵国平,王岳均,张国平.浙江省发展水稻节水高效栽培技术的探讨.农业现代化研究,2000,21(4):197-200
    25)崔德杰,须相成,张旭东等.长期地膜覆盖对土壤磷素状矿的影响.土壤学报,1998,35(2):260-264
    26)邓纯宝.日本地膜覆盖栽培的现状与动向.辽宁农业科学,1982(3):52-56
    27)董全才,易杰忠.水稻地膜旱管栽培生育特性及高产调控技术研究,中国农学通报,1999,15(4):17-20
    28)都基琦,马日亮.水稻地膜覆盖栽培技术.现代农业,2000,2:12-13
    29)樊润威,崔志祥,董进亚,张三粉,郜翻身.内蒙古河套灌区盐碱土覆膜对土壤生态环境及作物生长的影响.土壤肥料,1996(3)10-12
    30)冯佰利,张保军,高小利.小麦地膜覆盖栽培技术研究现状及前景展望.麦类作物,1998,18(4):51-54
    31)付立东,王宇,徐久升,展广军.水稻覆膜插秧节水栽培技术研究.垦殖与稻作,2000,5:9-11
    32)高真伟,王冬梅,展广军,徐文升.水田覆膜对稻作生长的影响.垦殖与稻作,2001,2:11-13
    33)郭志利.旱地大豆不同覆膜方式栽培效应研究. 陕西农业科学,2000(1):19-20
    
    
    34)韩永翔,万信.地膜棉花农业气象效应的初步分析.甘肃农业科技,1995,8:14-16
    35)何代元.水稻地膜覆盖增产原因及主要栽培技术.中国稻米,1997,(3):21
    36)赫忠友.塑料薄膜地面覆盖栽培技术研究概况.Ⅱ.地膜覆盖对土壤理化性状的影响.海南农业科技.1997(2):18-19
    37)黄义德,李金才,张自立等.水稻地膜覆盖早作技术研究初报.安徽农业科学,1997、25(3):208—210.
    38)黄义德,张自立,魏自珍,李金才.水稻覆膜旱作的生态生理效应.应用生态学报,1999,10(3):305-308
    39)黄占斌,山仑.水分利用率及其生理生态机理研究进展.生态农业研究,1998,6(4):19-23
    40)黄仲青,蒋文埙,李奕松,陈周前,汤广民,孟志伟.水稻旱作膜秸接力覆盖高效栽培技术.作物杂志,2001,4:5-6
    41)孔向军,蒋梅巧,郑寨生,赵森荣,汤建忠,吴良欢.直播早稻覆膜旱作施肥量及密度试验作物研究.2000,(3):16-18
    42)冷石林,韩仕峰.中国北方旱地作物节水增产理论与技术.中国农业科技出版社,1996.8
    43)李代兆,马金才.水稻机械覆膜穴播节水栽培.垦殖与稻作,1998,(1):3-5
    44)李明,何尚仁.银北引黄灌区水稻覆膜栽培增产因素探讨.中国农学通报,2000,16(1):18-20
    45)李明桂,王云翔,王瑞祥,王景才.杂交水稻宽垄覆膜半旱式栽培技术研究.安徽农业科学,2000,28(5):589-590
    46)李培夫.我国地膜覆盖栽培开发应用研究新进展.新疆农垦科技,1999,(6):7-9
    47)李英能.节水农业新技术.江西科学出版社,1998.12
    48)梁亚超,杨殿荣,刘庆江,于桂霞.地膜覆盖玉米根系的研究.耕作与栽培,1989(5):30—32
    49)梁永超,胡锋,沈其荣,吕世华,吴良欢,张福锁.水稻覆膜旱作研究现状与展望[A].见:冯锋,张福锁,杨新泉编.植物营养研究进展与展望[C].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2000,114-127
    50)梁永超,胡锋,杨茂成等,水稻覆膜旱作高产节水机理研究.中国农业科学,1999,32(1):26-32
    51)刘保国,李长明,任昌福,蔡锡贵,杨麒麟,陈显薇.水稻旱种的生理基础研究.西南农业学报,1993,15(6):477-481
    52)刘斌,阎存立,吴洪伟.农业综合开发与节水高效农业.节水灌溉,2002,1:7-8,29
    53)刘景珍,张军.北方贫水稻区水稻覆膜湿种技术.河北农业科技,2000,(3):10-11
    54)[美]N.C布雷迪等,秦怀等译.土壤的本质与性状.北京:科学出版社,1982.93-95,231-232
    55)潘腊青,吴良欢.水稻覆膜旱作栽培方式对水稻田地下水水质的影响.农业环境保护,2000,(4)295-301
    56)秦仕军.水稻全生育期地膜覆盖栽培技术应用初报.杂交水稻,1999,14(3):31-32
    57)秦遂初主编.作物营养施肥与诊断实验.农业出版社,1992,74-77
    58)任洪志,王俊忠,刘晓峰,毛凤梧.作物地膜覆盖栽培技术大全.河南科技出版社,1999.6
    59)沈康荣,罗显树.水稻全程地膜覆盖湿润栽培法增产因子及关键栽培技术的研究.华中农业大学学报,1997,16(6):547-551
    60)沈康荣,汪晓春.水稻低产田全程地膜覆盖湿润栽培应用效果及增产原因分析.杂交水稻,
    
    1999,14(4):29-31
    61)沈康荣,汪晓春,刘军,水稻全程地膜覆盖湿润栽培试验示范与增产原因分析.中国稻米,1998,(5):12-14
    62)沈康荣,汪晓春,刘军,罗显树.水稻地膜湿润栽培试验示范.湖北农业科学,1997,(5)18-22
    63)石英,松进,沈其荣,徐国华,李伟.覆膜旱作水稻的生物效应及吸氮特征.农村生态环境,2001,17(2):22-25
    64)谭长乐,张洪熙,夏广宏,刘晓斌,黄年生,徐卯林,李爱宏,戴正元,孔祥斗.水稻覆膜旱栽特性的研究与探讨.江苏农业科学,1999,6:6-8
    65)汪景宽,须湘成,张旭东,张继宏,谷俊武.长期地膜覆盖对土壤磷素状况的影响.沈阳农业大学报,1994—09,25(3):311-315
    66)汪景宽,张继宽,须湘成.地膜覆盖对土壤肥力影响的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1992,23:32-37
    67)汪晓春,刘军.水稻地膜覆盖栽培的抗旱节水效应.湖北农业科学,2001,1:8-11
    68)王长清,田继刚.冷浸烂泥田水稻垄作覆膜栽培试验示范.湖北农业科学,1998,(4):31-34
    69)王世民,张玉英.水稻旱作生育特点及高产栽培技术的研究.沈阳农业大学学报,1991,22(增刊):110-114
    70)王维敏.中国北方旱地农业技术.中国农业出版社,1994.8
    71)王宇,付立东,肖艳红.水稻全程地膜覆盖湿润栽培技术要点.垦殖与稻作,2001,4:13-14
    72)王占乔,欧康泉,杜同兴,张兆冬,王莉莉.水稻覆膜旱作分蘖期耐旱能力初步研究.安徽农学通报,2000,6(3):33-35
    73)魏成熙,赵品仁,孙贵恒,蒲通达,杨宏敏.玉米覆盖栽培对土壤物理性质和干物质积累与分配的影响.耕作与栽培,1998,(1):32-34
    74)吴良欢,祝增荣,梁永超等.水稻覆膜旱作节水节肥高产栽培技术.浙江农业大学学报,1999,25(1):41-42
    75)吴文革,陈周前.沈绪波.水稻早作技术栽培探讨.安徽农业科学,1998,26(1):8—9.
    76)吴宪章,张矢等.陆稻地膜覆盖栽培的技术效应.黑龙江农业科学,1983(5)
    77)吴一才,宋嵩山.地膜覆盖旱种水稻试验情况简报.辽宁农业科学,1982,(4):28-30
    78)吴一才,宋嵩山,王玉山,邹积彬.水稻覆膜旱作研究.稻田生产的结构改革与发展.知识出版社,1993,149-165
    79)吴一才,宋嵩山,邹积斌.水稻覆膜旱作展望.1987(1):13-15
    80)武世新,杨惠成.安徽省江淮地区水稻旱作覆膜栽培关键技术.安徽农学通报,1998,4(2):57-58
    81)邢胜利等.油菜地膜覆盖栽培技术的研究进展.陕西农业科学,2000(1):35-36
    82)熊飞.高山水稻增产新法起垄覆膜.农技服务,1997,1:11-13
    83)杨建吕,王志琴,刘立军,郎有忠,朱庆森.旱种水稻生育特性与产量形成的研究.作物学报.2002,28(1):11-17
    84)杨建吕,王志琴,朱庆森.水稻品种的抗旱性及其生理特性的研究.中国农业科学,1995,28(5):65-72
    85)杨艳敏,刘小京,孙宏勇,李伟强.旱稻夏季地膜覆盖栽培的生态学效应.干旱地区农业研究,2000,18(3):55-53
    
    
    86)姚建国,於忠祥.地膜覆盖的土壤养分变化研究[J],安徽农学通报,1998,4(1):36-37
    87)张继宏,郭学成,张伯泉.覆膜与裸地条件下不同施肥处理土壤有效锌含量的变化.沈阳农业大学学报,1994—09,25(3):308-310
    88)张矢,吴宪章,蒋本福,等.水稻陆稻地膜覆盖栽培的技术效应.黑龙江农业科学,1983,(5):20-24
    89)张薇,司徒凇,王和洲.节水农业的土壤水分调控与标准研究.农业工程学报,1996,12(2):23-27
    90)张兴权.覆盖条件下农田土壤水盐动态研究,见农田水分与能量试验研究,北京:科学出版社,1990
    91)张玉屏,黄义德,李金才,黄文江,黄金国.旱作条件下对水稻根系生长发育和产量影响.安徽农业科学,2000,28(5):605-605,637
    92)赵其良,肖明贤.日本东北地区水稻旱种地膜覆盖栽培技术.辽宁农业科学,1982,(3):52-56
    93)郑寨生,吴良欢,孔向军,蒋梅巧,赵森荣汤建忠,傅荣兴.水稻覆膜旱作高产栽培技术研究.上海农业学报,2000,16(3):55-60
    94)中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析.上海科学技术出版社,1978年1月1版
    95)中国农用塑料应用技术学会主编.新编地膜覆盖栽培陪技术大全.中国农业出版社,1997
    96)中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会.土壤农业化学常规分析方法.北京科学出版社,1983:273-278
    97)中华人民共和国和农业部科学技术局主编.塑料薄膜地面覆盖栽培技术.辽宁人民出版社,1987,13-16
    98)周文.水稻地膜覆盖栽培技术.耕作与栽培,1998(2):31-32
    99)祝增荣,吴良欢,吴国强,程家安.水稻覆膜旱作对病虫草害发生程度的影响.植物保护学报.2000(4):295-300
    100)邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导.中国农业出版社,1995

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700