基于三维导波理论的码头桩基无损检测方法的数值模拟研究
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摘要
码头桩基作为码头上部结构的支撑结构,对于码头的安全和稳固至关重要。由于受到多种因素的不利影响,码头桩基可能出现断裂、缩颈及扩径等质量隐患。所以,码头桩基的完整性无损检测是一项十分重要的工作。
但是,码头桩基完整性无损检测远比单桩完整性无损检测复杂。尤其对桩顶与上部结构固连为一体的码头桩基的无损检测,因为受到上部结构的强烈干扰,其完整性更是难以判断。正是由于码头桩基完整性无损检测的独特性和复杂性,使其成为世界性的检测难题,至今仍未找到理想的解决方法。
本文将码头桩基分为独立桩、桩顶固连桩及桩顶非固连桩等三种类型,综合运用三维导波理论、桩基动测技术、小波分析及有限元模拟,并结合现场测试,对码头桩基的无损检测开展了一系列的研究工作,主要内容和结论如下:
1建立考虑梁板影响的多种条件下的码头桩基有限元仿真模型,并对其进行纵波检测仿真研究,得出对满足波长桩径比? / R≥10的码头独立桩和桩顶非固连的码头桩基的纵波无损检测,可参考单桩检测的规律;但桩顶固连的码头桩基的纵波无损检测波形复杂难辨。
2论文提出了一种针对桩顶固连的码头桩基的纵波无损检测的新方法。并通过模拟曲线和实测曲线的较好拟合,表明数值模拟和检测方法是可靠的,对提高码头桩基检测结果的准确性具有较重要意义。
3首次对多种类型的码头桩基的横波检测进行数值模拟研究。发现横波检测可以有效地避开上部结构的干扰,检测信号可以直接反映桩身完整型,但受桩周土的干扰较大,反射波衰减快。
4在结构参数相同的前提下,对比了码头桩基的纵波检测和横波检测的波形、波速、衰减幅度、加载方式、缺陷敏感度和检测精确度,指出了两者在码头桩基检测中的优缺点,进而建议将两者结合起来进行码头桩基的完整性无损检测的观点,并通过工程实例进行验证。
5从多个方面对码头桩基反射波的三维效应进行了研究,发现上部结构总是在检测信号中产生三维干扰,并且随着桩径的增大,三维效应会越明显;相反,降低激振频率和多点接收信号对减小三维效应有益。
6提出了码头桩基原始检测信号频域分析的初步方法。码头独立桩和桩顶非固连的码头桩基的频域分析效果较好;但桩顶固连的码头桩基的频域分析难度很大,应首先按照论文提出的码头桩基检测方法对原始检测信号进行信号处理,然后再对滤波信号参照独立桩进行频域分析。总之,码头桩基无损检测应以纵波检测为主,结合横波检测,辅以频域分析,互相验证,综合判断码头桩基完整性。
As the base of wharf superstructure, wharf piles foundation is the key of the secure of wharf .The defects of piles ,such as broken、necked、expanded diameter etc, can be caused because the adverse impact of many factors. So it is a important work of NDT(nondestuctive testing ) of wharf pile.
But the NDT of wharf pile is more complicate than that of single pile whose top free. Especially the NDT of wharf piles whose top foxed by wharf superstructure is most difficult because the heavy disturb of superstructure. Based on above reasons, it is a difficult problem in the field of detection across the world.
In the paper, wharf piles are classified into three types: piles whose top free, piles whose top foxed by the wharf superstructure,and piles whose top pressed by wharf superstructure.At the Base of 3D guided wave theory, pile dynamic test technology, wavelet analysis and FEM Simulation Analysis, combing with test on site, a series of research work have been carried out on the NDT of wharf pile. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
1 The finite element modles of deffrent wharf piles considered beam and slab are set up.And the longitudinal wave test of wharf piles are simulated and researched, then some results are obtained: the NDT law of piles whose top free can be used to the NDT of piles whose top free of wharf and piles whose top pressed by wharf superstructure when they meet ? / R≥10; But the NDT wave of wharf piles whose top foxed by the superstructure is most complicated.
2 A new method of longitudinal wave test of wharf piles is proposed. Moreover, it’s shown that the simulated curves are in good agreement with those obtained from field measurements. Consequently, the numerical simulation and the method of wharf Pile test are correct and they will play an important role in increasing the accuracy of wharf Pile NDT.
3 The torsional wave test of wharf piles are simulated and studied firstly. it is discovered that the superstructure disturb can be avoided effectively by the torsional wave test, and pile integrity can judged out. but the stress wave attenuate fast because the disturb of soil around pile.
4 under the same structure parameters, the advantages and disadvantages are pointed out through the comparison of the waveform、wave velocity、attenuation rate、loading way、defect sensitivity and test accuracy of longitudinal wave test and torsional wave test of wharf piles. Moreover, it puts forward the synthesis analysis of longitudinal wave and tensional wave of wharf piles nondestructive test. Finally, it’s shown that the simulated curves are in good agreement with those obtained from field measurements.
5 the 3D effect of the wharf piles stress wave are studied from several aspects. it puts forward the 3D effect are always appear from the disturb of superstructure and the bigger pile diameter is, the distincter the 3D effect is. On the contrary, it is help to decrease the 3D effect through the load frequency reduced and sign received from different location.
6 Through the analysis of original signal of wharf piles NDT, it has been found : the frequency analysis can get a better effect to the NDT of wharf piles whose top free or pressed by superstructure than those whose top foxed by superstructure. Firstly, the original sign of piles whose top foxed will be processed with the method of wharf piles NDT which proposed in the paper , then the filtered sign can be analysised in the frequency domain in the light of wharf piles whose top free.
In conclusion, the NDT of wharf piles will be carried out mainly by longitudinal wave test ,combined with torsional wave test, assisted by frequency analysis.
但是,码头桩基完整性无损检测远比单桩完整性无损检测复杂。尤其对桩顶与上部结构固连为一体的码头桩基的无损检测,因为受到上部结构的强烈干扰,其完整性更是难以判断。正是由于码头桩基完整性无损检测的独特性和复杂性,使其成为世界性的检测难题,至今仍未找到理想的解决方法。
本文将码头桩基分为独立桩、桩顶固连桩及桩顶非固连桩等三种类型,综合运用三维导波理论、桩基动测技术、小波分析及有限元模拟,并结合现场测试,对码头桩基的无损检测开展了一系列的研究工作,主要内容和结论如下:
1建立考虑梁板影响的多种条件下的码头桩基有限元仿真模型,并对其进行纵波检测仿真研究,得出对满足波长桩径比? / R≥10的码头独立桩和桩顶非固连的码头桩基的纵波无损检测,可参考单桩检测的规律;但桩顶固连的码头桩基的纵波无损检测波形复杂难辨。
2论文提出了一种针对桩顶固连的码头桩基的纵波无损检测的新方法。并通过模拟曲线和实测曲线的较好拟合,表明数值模拟和检测方法是可靠的,对提高码头桩基检测结果的准确性具有较重要意义。
3首次对多种类型的码头桩基的横波检测进行数值模拟研究。发现横波检测可以有效地避开上部结构的干扰,检测信号可以直接反映桩身完整型,但受桩周土的干扰较大,反射波衰减快。
4在结构参数相同的前提下,对比了码头桩基的纵波检测和横波检测的波形、波速、衰减幅度、加载方式、缺陷敏感度和检测精确度,指出了两者在码头桩基检测中的优缺点,进而建议将两者结合起来进行码头桩基的完整性无损检测的观点,并通过工程实例进行验证。
5从多个方面对码头桩基反射波的三维效应进行了研究,发现上部结构总是在检测信号中产生三维干扰,并且随着桩径的增大,三维效应会越明显;相反,降低激振频率和多点接收信号对减小三维效应有益。
6提出了码头桩基原始检测信号频域分析的初步方法。码头独立桩和桩顶非固连的码头桩基的频域分析效果较好;但桩顶固连的码头桩基的频域分析难度很大,应首先按照论文提出的码头桩基检测方法对原始检测信号进行信号处理,然后再对滤波信号参照独立桩进行频域分析。总之,码头桩基无损检测应以纵波检测为主,结合横波检测,辅以频域分析,互相验证,综合判断码头桩基完整性。
As the base of wharf superstructure, wharf piles foundation is the key of the secure of wharf .The defects of piles ,such as broken、necked、expanded diameter etc, can be caused because the adverse impact of many factors. So it is a important work of NDT(nondestuctive testing ) of wharf pile.
But the NDT of wharf pile is more complicate than that of single pile whose top free. Especially the NDT of wharf piles whose top foxed by wharf superstructure is most difficult because the heavy disturb of superstructure. Based on above reasons, it is a difficult problem in the field of detection across the world.
In the paper, wharf piles are classified into three types: piles whose top free, piles whose top foxed by the wharf superstructure,and piles whose top pressed by wharf superstructure.At the Base of 3D guided wave theory, pile dynamic test technology, wavelet analysis and FEM Simulation Analysis, combing with test on site, a series of research work have been carried out on the NDT of wharf pile. The main contents and conclusions are as follows:
1 The finite element modles of deffrent wharf piles considered beam and slab are set up.And the longitudinal wave test of wharf piles are simulated and researched, then some results are obtained: the NDT law of piles whose top free can be used to the NDT of piles whose top free of wharf and piles whose top pressed by wharf superstructure when they meet ? / R≥10; But the NDT wave of wharf piles whose top foxed by the superstructure is most complicated.
2 A new method of longitudinal wave test of wharf piles is proposed. Moreover, it’s shown that the simulated curves are in good agreement with those obtained from field measurements. Consequently, the numerical simulation and the method of wharf Pile test are correct and they will play an important role in increasing the accuracy of wharf Pile NDT.
3 The torsional wave test of wharf piles are simulated and studied firstly. it is discovered that the superstructure disturb can be avoided effectively by the torsional wave test, and pile integrity can judged out. but the stress wave attenuate fast because the disturb of soil around pile.
4 under the same structure parameters, the advantages and disadvantages are pointed out through the comparison of the waveform、wave velocity、attenuation rate、loading way、defect sensitivity and test accuracy of longitudinal wave test and torsional wave test of wharf piles. Moreover, it puts forward the synthesis analysis of longitudinal wave and tensional wave of wharf piles nondestructive test. Finally, it’s shown that the simulated curves are in good agreement with those obtained from field measurements.
5 the 3D effect of the wharf piles stress wave are studied from several aspects. it puts forward the 3D effect are always appear from the disturb of superstructure and the bigger pile diameter is, the distincter the 3D effect is. On the contrary, it is help to decrease the 3D effect through the load frequency reduced and sign received from different location.
6 Through the analysis of original signal of wharf piles NDT, it has been found : the frequency analysis can get a better effect to the NDT of wharf piles whose top free or pressed by superstructure than those whose top foxed by superstructure. Firstly, the original sign of piles whose top foxed will be processed with the method of wharf piles NDT which proposed in the paper , then the filtered sign can be analysised in the frequency domain in the light of wharf piles whose top free.
In conclusion, the NDT of wharf piles will be carried out mainly by longitudinal wave test ,combined with torsional wave test, assisted by frequency analysis.
引文
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