甘肃省普通高中教育资源配置现状分析与对策研究
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摘要
作为“九年义务教育”后高层次的基础教育，普通高中起着承前启后的作用，其资源配置是否到位，其正常活动所必需的人力、物力、财力等基本物质条件是否得到应有的保证，所投入的人力、物力、财力等物质条件之间的配备组合是否合理，不但影响到“普九”成果的巩固、提高，直接关系到高等教育的质量，而且影响着一代人的道德修养、文化知识、身心素质。
本论文以甘肃省为整体，主要运用调查法，以分层抽样的方式，对甘肃省13个县(市)教育行政部门(教育局)及21所具有代表性的普通高中学校进行了调查，重在了解甘肃省普通高中学校教育资源配置现状，探求其存在问题，并进行成因分析，最后从管理学、政策学的角度提出了几点对策建议。
全文共分四个部分：
第一部分，介绍了本选题研究的背景，提出了重视甘肃省普通高中教育资源配置所面临的形势；呈现了甘肃省普通高中学校各项办学指标与全国及部分发达地区的差距；界定了研究中所涉及的相关概念；交待了研究的思路、样本与方法。
第二部分，现状呈现与分析。主要从教育资源的基本物质条件人力、物力、财力三个层面整理调查数据，进行现状呈现，并对照我国及国际上有关普通高中教育发展的相关标准，提出了甘肃省普通高中教育资源配置中存在的诸多问题。
第三部分，针对普通高中教育资源配置中存在的问题，从普通高中学校发展、人力资源、财力资源、物力资源四个层面分析了问题产生之原因：一是普通高中在发展上缺乏计划性；二是人力资源流失多、配置不合理、开发力度不够、重读现象普遍；三是地方财政支持不力、经费筹措体制不健全、收费管理久规范、城乡配置不均衡；四是各学校在硬件设施配置与管理上重外观、轻内囊，重购置、轻使用，设施配置起点低。
第四部分，针对存在问题及问题产生之原因，从科学论证、有计划地发展普通高中；合理配置教育资源；深化改革、加强管理、走内涵发展之路；多渠道增加教育投入、促进办学效益的提高；实施薄弱学校再造工程等五个方面提出了实现甘肃省普通高中教育资源有效配置的几点对策和建议。
As the advanced basic education after "Nine-year Compulsory Education", senior high school plays the role of bridge between compulsory education and higher education. Three important factors affect not only the consolidation and improvement of popularization of nine-year compulsory education, but also the next generation's morality, culture, knowledge, physical and mental quality in senior high school. Those three factors are as following: rationality of educational resource's allocation; provision of educational activities such as human resources, corporeal resources and financial resources; compages rationality of three kinds of resources (human resources, corporeal resources and financial resources).
Based on senior high schools' situation of Gansu Province, this dissertation investigated 21 representative senior high schools in 13 counties(cities) educational services(educational bureaus) with the method of survey and the way of layered sampling. It's main purpose is to learn the present situation and problems in those schools and to analyze reasons resulting in those problems. Finally this dissertation puts forward some suggestions and anti-policies on how to solve that in the perspective of management and policy theories.
There are four parts in this dissertation and their content are arranged as followings:
The first part introduces the background of this investigation, mainly situation senior high schools of Gansu is confronted with. Briefly presents all indexes used for evaluation of senior high schools in Gansu, this dissertation also compared that with those in other regions and the whole country. At last, it gives readers a scientific and clear definition of all conception involved in this research, illustrate thought, samples and methods of the investigation.
The second part is focused on current situation introduction and analysis. Begin with analysis of the data of elementarily physical condition of educational resources (corporeal resources and financial resources), the author unfolds the present situation in Gansu's senior high schools to readers. In addition, the author makes a comparison with the relevant standards for running senior high schools nationally and internationally. Finally, many problems which exist in the collocation of educational resources in Gansu's senior
high schools were summarized through that comparison.
In the third part, the author commits himself to analyzing reasons leading to the said problems in four aspects: the development of senior high schools, human resources, corporeal resources and financial resources. Generally speaking, there are fours kinds of reasons which bring on problems of resources collocation in senior high schools in Gansu. First, There are few plans during the development of senior high schools. Second, many high quality staffs in senior high school leave their own schools to other districts. The collocation of staffs between senior high schools is unreasonable. Moreover, staffs' training and development isn't sufficient and in time. And, many students stay in senior high schools more than three years. Third, local financial support for the development of senior high schools is not enough. System of raising money for constructing senior high school isn't wholesome, Management of charging fee in senior high schools isn't normative. Resources being collocated to senior high schools bet
ween cities and countryside is unbalanced. Fourth, many senior high schools put much importance on appearance instead of inside quality when buying hardware. They just emphasize buying hardware but neglect making a full use of them.
The fourth part are counter-policies and suggestions. The author puts forward some advice on the realization of efficient collocation of educational resources in Gansu's senior high schools from the different point of view. Namely developing senior high school in scientific way and with plans; collocating educational resources rationally, deepening senior high schools reform and strengthening management to step a scienti
本论文以甘肃省为整体，主要运用调查法，以分层抽样的方式，对甘肃省13个县(市)教育行政部门(教育局)及21所具有代表性的普通高中学校进行了调查，重在了解甘肃省普通高中学校教育资源配置现状，探求其存在问题，并进行成因分析，最后从管理学、政策学的角度提出了几点对策建议。
全文共分四个部分：
第一部分，介绍了本选题研究的背景，提出了重视甘肃省普通高中教育资源配置所面临的形势；呈现了甘肃省普通高中学校各项办学指标与全国及部分发达地区的差距；界定了研究中所涉及的相关概念；交待了研究的思路、样本与方法。
第二部分，现状呈现与分析。主要从教育资源的基本物质条件人力、物力、财力三个层面整理调查数据，进行现状呈现，并对照我国及国际上有关普通高中教育发展的相关标准，提出了甘肃省普通高中教育资源配置中存在的诸多问题。
第三部分，针对普通高中教育资源配置中存在的问题，从普通高中学校发展、人力资源、财力资源、物力资源四个层面分析了问题产生之原因：一是普通高中在发展上缺乏计划性；二是人力资源流失多、配置不合理、开发力度不够、重读现象普遍；三是地方财政支持不力、经费筹措体制不健全、收费管理久规范、城乡配置不均衡；四是各学校在硬件设施配置与管理上重外观、轻内囊，重购置、轻使用，设施配置起点低。
第四部分，针对存在问题及问题产生之原因，从科学论证、有计划地发展普通高中；合理配置教育资源；深化改革、加强管理、走内涵发展之路；多渠道增加教育投入、促进办学效益的提高；实施薄弱学校再造工程等五个方面提出了实现甘肃省普通高中教育资源有效配置的几点对策和建议。
As the advanced basic education after "Nine-year Compulsory Education", senior high school plays the role of bridge between compulsory education and higher education. Three important factors affect not only the consolidation and improvement of popularization of nine-year compulsory education, but also the next generation's morality, culture, knowledge, physical and mental quality in senior high school. Those three factors are as following: rationality of educational resource's allocation; provision of educational activities such as human resources, corporeal resources and financial resources; compages rationality of three kinds of resources (human resources, corporeal resources and financial resources).
Based on senior high schools' situation of Gansu Province, this dissertation investigated 21 representative senior high schools in 13 counties(cities) educational services(educational bureaus) with the method of survey and the way of layered sampling. It's main purpose is to learn the present situation and problems in those schools and to analyze reasons resulting in those problems. Finally this dissertation puts forward some suggestions and anti-policies on how to solve that in the perspective of management and policy theories.
There are four parts in this dissertation and their content are arranged as followings:
The first part introduces the background of this investigation, mainly situation senior high schools of Gansu is confronted with. Briefly presents all indexes used for evaluation of senior high schools in Gansu, this dissertation also compared that with those in other regions and the whole country. At last, it gives readers a scientific and clear definition of all conception involved in this research, illustrate thought, samples and methods of the investigation.
The second part is focused on current situation introduction and analysis. Begin with analysis of the data of elementarily physical condition of educational resources (corporeal resources and financial resources), the author unfolds the present situation in Gansu's senior high schools to readers. In addition, the author makes a comparison with the relevant standards for running senior high schools nationally and internationally. Finally, many problems which exist in the collocation of educational resources in Gansu's senior
high schools were summarized through that comparison.
In the third part, the author commits himself to analyzing reasons leading to the said problems in four aspects: the development of senior high schools, human resources, corporeal resources and financial resources. Generally speaking, there are fours kinds of reasons which bring on problems of resources collocation in senior high schools in Gansu. First, There are few plans during the development of senior high schools. Second, many high quality staffs in senior high school leave their own schools to other districts. The collocation of staffs between senior high schools is unreasonable. Moreover, staffs' training and development isn't sufficient and in time. And, many students stay in senior high schools more than three years. Third, local financial support for the development of senior high schools is not enough. System of raising money for constructing senior high school isn't wholesome, Management of charging fee in senior high schools isn't normative. Resources being collocated to senior high schools bet
ween cities and countryside is unbalanced. Fourth, many senior high schools put much importance on appearance instead of inside quality when buying hardware. They just emphasize buying hardware but neglect making a full use of them.
The fourth part are counter-policies and suggestions. The author puts forward some advice on the realization of efficient collocation of educational resources in Gansu's senior high schools from the different point of view. Namely developing senior high school in scientific way and with plans; collocating educational resources rationally, deepening senior high schools reform and strengthening management to step a scienti
引文
1．袁振国．中国教育政策评论2001[M]．北京：教育科学出版社，2001．
2．吴志宏 冯大鸣 周嘉方．新编教育管理学[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2000．
3．国家教育发展研究中心．2002年中国教育绿皮书—中国教育政策年度分析报告[M]．北京：教育科学出版社，2002．
4．甘肃省教委督导室．教育督导评估理论与实践[M]．兰州：甘肃教育出版社，1990．
5．洪熠亮．教育督导及教育督导评估[M]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1993．
6．库姆斯，A．W．学校领导新概念：以人为本的挑战[M]．北京：中国宇航出版社，2002．
7．国家教委督导司．教育督导新进展[M]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992．
8．王善迈．教育经济学概论[M]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1989．
9．靳希斌．教育经济学[M]．北京：人民教育出版社，1998．
10．甘肃省教育厅办公室．甘肃教育年鉴(2002)[Z]．兰州：甘肃文化出版社，2003．
11．甘肃省教育厅财务处．甘肃省1999—2001年度教育经费统计分析报告[J]，2002，10．
12．李漠清．关于抓好普通高中教育的若干思考[J]．管理论坛，2000，6．
13．谈松华．我国基础教育资源配置的若干趋势[J]．中国教育学刊，1997，4．
14．百灵．优化教育资源配置提高办学效益[J]．山东教育，2000，8．
15．刘宝超．关于教育资源浪费的思考[J]．教育与经济，1997，3．
16．马晓燕．浅析我国教育资源配置中存在的问题[J]．鄂州大学学报，2000，4．
17．王宁．关于合理调整我国教育资源配置政策的思路[J]．广东行政学院学报，2002，4．
18．李源田 王江玲．三峡地区普通高中教育现状调查分析[J]．三峡学刊，1996，3．
19．郑作广．加快广西普通高中教育发展的基本思路与改革措施[J]．基础教育研究，2001，1．
20．岳怀玉．教育资源合理配置研究[J]．吉林教育科学．普教研究，1995，4．
21．王惠．发展高中教育必须注意区域性特点[J]．广东教育学院学报，1997，1．
22．周国梁．市场经济与普通高中教育改革[J]．浙江学刊，1994，2．
23．王嵘．贫困地区教育资源的开发利用[J]．教育研究，2001，9．
24．刘迎春．我国学校人力资源管理中存在的问题与对策[J]．黑龙江农垦师专学报，2000，3．
25．夏兴园 洪正华．构建我国人力资源开发与配置的合理机制[J]．武汉冶金科技大学学报，1999，3．
26．郝庆堂 王华春 秦瑞莲．简论在市场经济条件下优化教育资源配置的几个问题[J]．辽宁教育研究，2000，1．
27．范国睿．试论教育资源浪费及其对教育生态系统发展的影响[J]．江西教育科研，1998，2．
28．麦卫国．关于教育资源效益的几点认识[J]．江西教育科研，1998，4．
29．刘登楼．扩大高中办学规模发展高中教育事业需注意的几个问题[J]．现代中小学教育，2000，8．
30．赵波 李宏 武友德 明庆忠．区域教育资源优化配置的理论初探[J]．教育科学，2001，2．
31．程斯辉 明庆华．关于加强薄弱学校建设的思考[J]．中国教育学刊，1997，6．
32．冉铁星 黄万胄．薄弱学校自身转变途径探索[J]．中国教育学刊，1998，2．
33．张德文．改造薄弱学校要着眼于教育质量的提高[J]．甘肃教育，1999，11．
34．蒋鸣和．21世纪初叶我国普通高中教育发展思路探讨[J]．教育发展评论，2000，1．
35．王文才．大力办好普通高中教育[J]．江西教育，1996，2．
2．吴志宏 冯大鸣 周嘉方．新编教育管理学[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2000．
3．国家教育发展研究中心．2002年中国教育绿皮书—中国教育政策年度分析报告[M]．北京：教育科学出版社，2002．
4．甘肃省教委督导室．教育督导评估理论与实践[M]．兰州：甘肃教育出版社，1990．
5．洪熠亮．教育督导及教育督导评估[M]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1993．
6．库姆斯，A．W．学校领导新概念：以人为本的挑战[M]．北京：中国宇航出版社，2002．
7．国家教委督导司．教育督导新进展[M]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992．
8．王善迈．教育经济学概论[M]．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1989．
9．靳希斌．教育经济学[M]．北京：人民教育出版社，1998．
10．甘肃省教育厅办公室．甘肃教育年鉴(2002)[Z]．兰州：甘肃文化出版社，2003．
11．甘肃省教育厅财务处．甘肃省1999—2001年度教育经费统计分析报告[J]，2002，10．
12．李漠清．关于抓好普通高中教育的若干思考[J]．管理论坛，2000，6．
13．谈松华．我国基础教育资源配置的若干趋势[J]．中国教育学刊，1997，4．
14．百灵．优化教育资源配置提高办学效益[J]．山东教育，2000，8．
15．刘宝超．关于教育资源浪费的思考[J]．教育与经济，1997，3．
16．马晓燕．浅析我国教育资源配置中存在的问题[J]．鄂州大学学报，2000，4．
17．王宁．关于合理调整我国教育资源配置政策的思路[J]．广东行政学院学报，2002，4．
18．李源田 王江玲．三峡地区普通高中教育现状调查分析[J]．三峡学刊，1996，3．
19．郑作广．加快广西普通高中教育发展的基本思路与改革措施[J]．基础教育研究，2001，1．
20．岳怀玉．教育资源合理配置研究[J]．吉林教育科学．普教研究，1995，4．
21．王惠．发展高中教育必须注意区域性特点[J]．广东教育学院学报，1997，1．
22．周国梁．市场经济与普通高中教育改革[J]．浙江学刊，1994，2．
23．王嵘．贫困地区教育资源的开发利用[J]．教育研究，2001，9．
24．刘迎春．我国学校人力资源管理中存在的问题与对策[J]．黑龙江农垦师专学报，2000，3．
25．夏兴园 洪正华．构建我国人力资源开发与配置的合理机制[J]．武汉冶金科技大学学报，1999，3．
26．郝庆堂 王华春 秦瑞莲．简论在市场经济条件下优化教育资源配置的几个问题[J]．辽宁教育研究，2000，1．
27．范国睿．试论教育资源浪费及其对教育生态系统发展的影响[J]．江西教育科研，1998，2．
28．麦卫国．关于教育资源效益的几点认识[J]．江西教育科研，1998，4．
29．刘登楼．扩大高中办学规模发展高中教育事业需注意的几个问题[J]．现代中小学教育，2000，8．
30．赵波 李宏 武友德 明庆忠．区域教育资源优化配置的理论初探[J]．教育科学，2001，2．
31．程斯辉 明庆华．关于加强薄弱学校建设的思考[J]．中国教育学刊，1997，6．
32．冉铁星 黄万胄．薄弱学校自身转变途径探索[J]．中国教育学刊，1998，2．
33．张德文．改造薄弱学校要着眼于教育质量的提高[J]．甘肃教育，1999，11．
34．蒋鸣和．21世纪初叶我国普通高中教育发展思路探讨[J]．教育发展评论，2000，1．
35．王文才．大力办好普通高中教育[J]．江西教育，1996，2．