一类基于OPC的工业控制系统的研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术、通信技术和控制技术的发展,生产过程的底层自动化监视和控制系统逐渐得到了完善,形成了基于集散控制系统(DCS)、可编程控制器(PLC)、现场总线控制系统(FCS)等的各种工业控制系统,但是上述系统往往缺乏统一的接口标准,难以实现各厂家的系统或仪表的直接互连、互操作及与上层应用软件的信息交互。OPC技术为工业控制领域提供了一种标准的数据访问机制,可用于解决不同控制系统网络之间的系统集成,实现系统之间的无缝连接和通信。
首先,本文分析比较了目前控制系统集成的各种方法。针对工业控制系统各个厂商的设备相互不能通信、应用受到限制等问题,提出将OPC作为DCS和FCS的中间件,实现异构网络的接口级同构。
其次,分析了以COM/DCOM为基础的OPC DA规范和Client/Server体系结构中信息的交互过程。在实验室FCS和DCS控制装置基础上构建了基于OPC的工业控制系统。其中,每个控制系统各自拥有OPC服务器。完成了OPC定制接口的OPC客户端的开发工作,实现了OPC客户端和两个OPC服务器的数据通信,并且实现了对采集的数据的实时曲线显示、保存和历史数据的调用等功能。最后,针对实验室水箱液位对象死区和时滞特性,提出了一种非线性预测控制算法,并在OPC客户端得到了实现,取得了良好的控制效果。
本文研究工作表明,构建基于OPC的工业控制系统可实现不同控制系统网络间的互连与信息共享,OPC客户端方便了先进控制算法的实施,减轻了下位机的工作负荷,为复杂控制算法的实现提供了一种工作思路。
With the development of the computer, communication and control technology, the process SCADA and loop control technology has gradually becoming mature. Various industrial control systems have been execulated with the use of distributed control system (DCS), programmable logic controller (PLC), fieldbus control system (FCS) and so on. But it is difficult to interconnect the systems and instruments directly due to the different interface standards. OPC technology provides a standard data access mechanism for industrial process control, making system integration and seamless connectivity among different control system networks possible.
This thesis focuses on a sort of OPC-based industrial control systems. Firstly, the integration methods of control systems are surveyed. With the problems in communication and limited application between products different manufacturers, OPC is offered as an effective middleware of DCS and FCS, the isomorphism of heterogeneous networks has been realizied on the interface layer.
Secondly, OPC DA specification based on COM/DCOM and the interactive process of information under the architecture of Client/Server has been analyzed. OPC-based industrial control system has been constructed with the use of FCS and DCS in the laboratory. Each control system has OPC server. The OPC client has been developed. The communication between OPC client and two servers has been realized. And the functions of data collection and saving, curve displays are realized.
Finally, a kind of non-linear predictive control algorithm for dead-zone and time-delay processes has been proposed, and applied in the OPC-based pilot tank level control system, with satisfying control results obtained.
This study shows that the proposed OPC-based industrial control systems can achieve interconnection and information sharing among different control system networks. The implementation of advanced control algorithms in OPC client is conveniently, the work burden of lower level control equipment is reduced. Meanwhile the OPC client provides a feasible way to realize the complex control algorithms.
首先,本文分析比较了目前控制系统集成的各种方法。针对工业控制系统各个厂商的设备相互不能通信、应用受到限制等问题,提出将OPC作为DCS和FCS的中间件,实现异构网络的接口级同构。
其次,分析了以COM/DCOM为基础的OPC DA规范和Client/Server体系结构中信息的交互过程。在实验室FCS和DCS控制装置基础上构建了基于OPC的工业控制系统。其中,每个控制系统各自拥有OPC服务器。完成了OPC定制接口的OPC客户端的开发工作,实现了OPC客户端和两个OPC服务器的数据通信,并且实现了对采集的数据的实时曲线显示、保存和历史数据的调用等功能。最后,针对实验室水箱液位对象死区和时滞特性,提出了一种非线性预测控制算法,并在OPC客户端得到了实现,取得了良好的控制效果。
本文研究工作表明,构建基于OPC的工业控制系统可实现不同控制系统网络间的互连与信息共享,OPC客户端方便了先进控制算法的实施,减轻了下位机的工作负荷,为复杂控制算法的实现提供了一种工作思路。
With the development of the computer, communication and control technology, the process SCADA and loop control technology has gradually becoming mature. Various industrial control systems have been execulated with the use of distributed control system (DCS), programmable logic controller (PLC), fieldbus control system (FCS) and so on. But it is difficult to interconnect the systems and instruments directly due to the different interface standards. OPC technology provides a standard data access mechanism for industrial process control, making system integration and seamless connectivity among different control system networks possible.
This thesis focuses on a sort of OPC-based industrial control systems. Firstly, the integration methods of control systems are surveyed. With the problems in communication and limited application between products different manufacturers, OPC is offered as an effective middleware of DCS and FCS, the isomorphism of heterogeneous networks has been realizied on the interface layer.
Secondly, OPC DA specification based on COM/DCOM and the interactive process of information under the architecture of Client/Server has been analyzed. OPC-based industrial control system has been constructed with the use of FCS and DCS in the laboratory. Each control system has OPC server. The OPC client has been developed. The communication between OPC client and two servers has been realized. And the functions of data collection and saving, curve displays are realized.
Finally, a kind of non-linear predictive control algorithm for dead-zone and time-delay processes has been proposed, and applied in the OPC-based pilot tank level control system, with satisfying control results obtained.
This study shows that the proposed OPC-based industrial control systems can achieve interconnection and information sharing among different control system networks. The implementation of advanced control algorithms in OPC client is conveniently, the work burden of lower level control equipment is reduced. Meanwhile the OPC client provides a feasible way to realize the complex control algorithms.
引文
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