冷却运输机滚子输送链的有限元分析
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摘要
铝锭连续浇注生产线是生产重熔用铝锭的自动化生产线,该生产线的主要机械部件有铸造机、冷却运输机、堆垛机、成品运输机,而冷却运输机是其中一个很重要的组成部分,但是目前冷却运输机仍是制约整机性能的一个薄弱环节,因此完善冷却运输机的性能对整条生产线性能的提升具有重要意义。
随着计算机的飞速发展和有限元理论的日益完善,将弹性力学与有限单元法相结合,采用ANSYS软件工具,对冷运机传动系统进行计算机辅助分析。这种方法可以缩短开发周期,节省大量的人力、财力、物力,为冷运机传动系统的改进提供必要的理论依据和性能预测。
本文主要内容包括:1、分析冷却运输机滚子链传动的基本原理、结构特点、主要失效形式及载荷特性。2、运用应力、应变理论公式计算外链板、销轴和内链板、套筒在载荷情况下的应力值;应用弹性力学中接触单元理论计算销轴、套筒元件接触应力数值;计算链条和链轮啮合时,链轮和滚子的接触应力数值。3、针对铝锭冷却运输机的滚子链,应用ANSYS软件、依据有限元理论进行三维实体建模。分析外链板、销轴和内链板、套筒元件应力应变情况;分析销轴、套筒元件接触强度;分析链条和链轮啮合时,链轮和滚子的接触强度。
通过分析研究可知对链条进行喷丸处理、预拉处理、板孔挤压等措施可改善应力集中与塑性变形;选用优质材料可提高抗剪、抗弯强度、表面耐磨性及硬度,合理地选择链板形状、采用减少载荷集中的结构可提高传动链的稳定性与可靠性。
The aluminium continuous casting is an automatic product line to manufacture the remelted aluminium. The main equipments for the product line is made up of the casting machine, cooling transporter, stack machine and finished product transporter. And the cooling transporter is a quite important unit in this line. Moreover, it is a critical factor that is restricting the capability of this line up to now. So, it will be much significative to improve the capability of cooling transporter in order to make the product line more efficient.With the development of computer technology at a very fast speed and the increasingly perfect of the theory of FEA, it becomes more convenient to analyze the drive system of cooling transporter using the ANSYS software and the computer-aided analysis, and combining with the elastic mechanics and the Finite Element Method (FEM). This method can shorten the period of development, and save much manpower, money and material resources, also, can offer the necessary basis of theory and performance prediction to improve the drive system of cooling transporter.This paper comprises of the following parts: 1、 To analyze the basic principle, structural features, main failure types and load characteristics of the roller chain of cooling transporter. 2, To calculate the stress of the chain plate, shaft plug and sleeve while being loaded via the functions of stress and displacement theory, get the contact stress value between the shaft plug and sleeve parts from the contact element theory of elastic mechanics, and calculate the contact stress value between the sprocket wheel and roller while in meshing process. 3 、 According to FEA theory, use ANSYS to build a 3-D model of the roller chain of aluminium cooling transporter. Analyze the displacement of the chain plates (including outer and inner), shaft plug, and sleeve parts. Analyze the contact strength of the shaft plug and sleeve parts. And analyze the contact strength of the roller and sprocket wheel while in meshing process.The following conclusion can be drawn by the analysis and study for the roller
chain of cooling transporter: The cloudburst treatment, prestretching treatment and pressing treatment of the link joint's hole, and so on, can improve the stress concentration and the plastic deformation;at the same time, preferring the high-quality materials can increase the shear strength, the bending strength, the abradability and hardness of the surface;selecting the shape of link joint reasonably, and using the structure which can decrease the loading concentration, can raise the stability and reliability of the driving chain.
随着计算机的飞速发展和有限元理论的日益完善,将弹性力学与有限单元法相结合,采用ANSYS软件工具,对冷运机传动系统进行计算机辅助分析。这种方法可以缩短开发周期,节省大量的人力、财力、物力,为冷运机传动系统的改进提供必要的理论依据和性能预测。
本文主要内容包括:1、分析冷却运输机滚子链传动的基本原理、结构特点、主要失效形式及载荷特性。2、运用应力、应变理论公式计算外链板、销轴和内链板、套筒在载荷情况下的应力值;应用弹性力学中接触单元理论计算销轴、套筒元件接触应力数值;计算链条和链轮啮合时,链轮和滚子的接触应力数值。3、针对铝锭冷却运输机的滚子链,应用ANSYS软件、依据有限元理论进行三维实体建模。分析外链板、销轴和内链板、套筒元件应力应变情况;分析销轴、套筒元件接触强度;分析链条和链轮啮合时,链轮和滚子的接触强度。
通过分析研究可知对链条进行喷丸处理、预拉处理、板孔挤压等措施可改善应力集中与塑性变形;选用优质材料可提高抗剪、抗弯强度、表面耐磨性及硬度,合理地选择链板形状、采用减少载荷集中的结构可提高传动链的稳定性与可靠性。
The aluminium continuous casting is an automatic product line to manufacture the remelted aluminium. The main equipments for the product line is made up of the casting machine, cooling transporter, stack machine and finished product transporter. And the cooling transporter is a quite important unit in this line. Moreover, it is a critical factor that is restricting the capability of this line up to now. So, it will be much significative to improve the capability of cooling transporter in order to make the product line more efficient.With the development of computer technology at a very fast speed and the increasingly perfect of the theory of FEA, it becomes more convenient to analyze the drive system of cooling transporter using the ANSYS software and the computer-aided analysis, and combining with the elastic mechanics and the Finite Element Method (FEM). This method can shorten the period of development, and save much manpower, money and material resources, also, can offer the necessary basis of theory and performance prediction to improve the drive system of cooling transporter.This paper comprises of the following parts: 1、 To analyze the basic principle, structural features, main failure types and load characteristics of the roller chain of cooling transporter. 2, To calculate the stress of the chain plate, shaft plug and sleeve while being loaded via the functions of stress and displacement theory, get the contact stress value between the shaft plug and sleeve parts from the contact element theory of elastic mechanics, and calculate the contact stress value between the sprocket wheel and roller while in meshing process. 3 、 According to FEA theory, use ANSYS to build a 3-D model of the roller chain of aluminium cooling transporter. Analyze the displacement of the chain plates (including outer and inner), shaft plug, and sleeve parts. Analyze the contact strength of the shaft plug and sleeve parts. And analyze the contact strength of the roller and sprocket wheel while in meshing process.The following conclusion can be drawn by the analysis and study for the roller
chain of cooling transporter: The cloudburst treatment, prestretching treatment and pressing treatment of the link joint's hole, and so on, can improve the stress concentration and the plastic deformation;at the same time, preferring the high-quality materials can increase the shear strength, the bending strength, the abradability and hardness of the surface;selecting the shape of link joint reasonably, and using the structure which can decrease the loading concentration, can raise the stability and reliability of the driving chain.
引文
[1] 苏鸿英.奥地利AMAG公司的空气冷却铝锭铸造机.世界有色金属,2003,(2):60
[2] 黄洪钟.机械传动可靠性理论与应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995
[3] 张祖祺,赵广兴.链传动技术的新发展.世界机电技术,1991,6:11-13
[4] 《现代机械传动手册》编委会.现代机械传动手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[5] 郑志峰,王义行,柴邦衡.链传动.北京:机械工业出版社,1984
[6] Sueoka A, Tamura H, Kondou T, Fujimoto T and Osaki E. Nonlinear response of roller chain tocombined forcing and parametricexcitations. Bull. JSME, 1986, 2(9): 178
[7] 王超,王金.机械可靠性工程.北京:冶金工业出版社,1992
[8] Sueoka A, Kondou T, Tamura H and Furukawa T. Harmonic and parametric combination res-onance of a roller chain. JSME International Journal, 1987, 30: 594-601
[9] Sueoka A, Kondou Y and Tanaka T. Nonlinear harmonic and parametric resonances of a rollerchain stretched horizontally. JSME International Journal. Series, 1989: 342-347
[10] Nakanishi T and Shabana A. On the numerical solution of tracked vehicle dynamic equations. Nonlinear Dynamics, 1994, 6: 391-417
[11] 沈昱.链传动受力分析及计算方法商榷.机械科学与技术,2002,21(2):220-223
[12] 《机械传动装置选用手册》编委会.机械传动装置选用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[13] 吉林工业大学链传动研究所编.链传动设计与应用手册.北京:机械工业出版 社,1992
[14] S P Liu, K W Wang, S I Hayek, M W Trethewey and F H K Chen. A global-local integrated syudy of roller chain meshing dynamics. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1997, 203(1): 411-62
[15] 王树奇.板孔加工方法对滚子链链板疲劳强度的影响.吉林工业大学学报,1995,(2):29-36
[16] 王树奇.滚子链链板疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展.吉林工业大学学报,1995,(4),21-25
[17] 蓝宏等.影响滚子链疲劳寿命的主要因素.吉林工业大学学报,1997,(3):30-33
[18] 孟繁忠.高速滚子链的多冲磨损特性.中国机械工程,2001,12(5):492-495.
[19] Pan M, Shieh T. Design modification for reducing silent chain annoying noise. Journal of Mechanical Design, Transactions of the ASME Dec, 2002. 124(4): 822-827
[20] Gelink E R M, Schipper D J. Calculation of Stribeck curves for line contacts. Tribologylnternational, 2002, 33: 175-181
[21] 陈晓霞.ANSYS7.0高级分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[22] 王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[23] 黄义.弹性力学基础及有限单元法.北京:冶金工业出版社,1982
[24] 华东水利学院.弹性力学问题的有限单元法.北京:水利电力出版社,1978
[25] 蒋孝煜.有限元法基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1992
[26] Ginebra Josep, Ananda Sen. Minimax approach to accelerated life tests. IEEE Trans Reliab, 1999, 47(3): 261-267
[27] 肖熙,王秀勇.桶型基础结构与土壤相互作用的有限元无限元接触元耦合线性分析.海洋工程,2001,19(3):25-31
[28] 王秀勇,王泉,张亭健.有限元无限元接触单元耦合法在桶形基础结构与土壤 相互作用分析中的应用.黄渤海海洋,2000,18(4):56-60
[29] Bille J P, Cescotto S. Numerical Approach of Contact Using An Augmented Lagrangian Method. New York: Contact Mechanics Plenum Press, 1995, 243-246
[30] 贺东哲,王元清,李少甫.管结点承载力的非线性有限元分析.工程力学,2000,17(4):50-55
[31] 钟承奎,王碧祥.无限维线性系统的有限维接触元.兰州大学学报,1994,30(2):1-4
[32] 刘国明.连杆接触单元非线性模型及其工程应用.福州大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(6):74-79
[33] 吴厚钰,郑润生,向松.接触问题有限元法及其在汽轮机强度设计中的应用.西安交通大学学报,1990,20,(5):79-87
[34] 杨生华.齿轮接触有限元分析.计算力学学报,2003,20(2):189-194
[35] 姚英姿,邓召义,莫云辉.齿轮的精确建模及其接触应力有限元分析.现代机械,2004,(6):16-17
[36] Zienkiewicz O C, Zhu J Z. A simple error estimator and adaptive procedure for practical engineering analysis. Int Number Methods Eng, 1987, 24: 337-357
[37] Barlam D, Zahavi E. The reliability of solutions in contact problems. Comp & Struct, 1999, 70: 35-45.
[38] 陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析ANSYS使用指南.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[39] 博嘉科技.有限元分析软件——ANSYS融会与贯通.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[40] 李润方,龚剑霞.接触问题数值方法及其在机械设计中的应用.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991
[41] Johnson K L.接触力学.徐秉业译.北京:高等教育出版社,1992
[42] 尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰等.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用.北京: 中国水利水电出版社,2006
[43] Satyaveer S, Chauhan and Jean-Marie Proth. Analysis of a supply chain partnership with revenue sharing. International Journal of Production Economics, 2005, 97(1): 44-51
[2] 黄洪钟.机械传动可靠性理论与应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995
[3] 张祖祺,赵广兴.链传动技术的新发展.世界机电技术,1991,6:11-13
[4] 《现代机械传动手册》编委会.现代机械传动手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[5] 郑志峰,王义行,柴邦衡.链传动.北京:机械工业出版社,1984
[6] Sueoka A, Tamura H, Kondou T, Fujimoto T and Osaki E. Nonlinear response of roller chain tocombined forcing and parametricexcitations. Bull. JSME, 1986, 2(9): 178
[7] 王超,王金.机械可靠性工程.北京:冶金工业出版社,1992
[8] Sueoka A, Kondou T, Tamura H and Furukawa T. Harmonic and parametric combination res-onance of a roller chain. JSME International Journal, 1987, 30: 594-601
[9] Sueoka A, Kondou Y and Tanaka T. Nonlinear harmonic and parametric resonances of a rollerchain stretched horizontally. JSME International Journal. Series, 1989: 342-347
[10] Nakanishi T and Shabana A. On the numerical solution of tracked vehicle dynamic equations. Nonlinear Dynamics, 1994, 6: 391-417
[11] 沈昱.链传动受力分析及计算方法商榷.机械科学与技术,2002,21(2):220-223
[12] 《机械传动装置选用手册》编委会.机械传动装置选用手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[13] 吉林工业大学链传动研究所编.链传动设计与应用手册.北京:机械工业出版 社,1992
[14] S P Liu, K W Wang, S I Hayek, M W Trethewey and F H K Chen. A global-local integrated syudy of roller chain meshing dynamics. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1997, 203(1): 411-62
[15] 王树奇.板孔加工方法对滚子链链板疲劳强度的影响.吉林工业大学学报,1995,(2):29-36
[16] 王树奇.滚子链链板疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展.吉林工业大学学报,1995,(4),21-25
[17] 蓝宏等.影响滚子链疲劳寿命的主要因素.吉林工业大学学报,1997,(3):30-33
[18] 孟繁忠.高速滚子链的多冲磨损特性.中国机械工程,2001,12(5):492-495.
[19] Pan M, Shieh T. Design modification for reducing silent chain annoying noise. Journal of Mechanical Design, Transactions of the ASME Dec, 2002. 124(4): 822-827
[20] Gelink E R M, Schipper D J. Calculation of Stribeck curves for line contacts. Tribologylnternational, 2002, 33: 175-181
[21] 陈晓霞.ANSYS7.0高级分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[22] 王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[23] 黄义.弹性力学基础及有限单元法.北京:冶金工业出版社,1982
[24] 华东水利学院.弹性力学问题的有限单元法.北京:水利电力出版社,1978
[25] 蒋孝煜.有限元法基础.北京:清华大学出版社,1992
[26] Ginebra Josep, Ananda Sen. Minimax approach to accelerated life tests. IEEE Trans Reliab, 1999, 47(3): 261-267
[27] 肖熙,王秀勇.桶型基础结构与土壤相互作用的有限元无限元接触元耦合线性分析.海洋工程,2001,19(3):25-31
[28] 王秀勇,王泉,张亭健.有限元无限元接触单元耦合法在桶形基础结构与土壤 相互作用分析中的应用.黄渤海海洋,2000,18(4):56-60
[29] Bille J P, Cescotto S. Numerical Approach of Contact Using An Augmented Lagrangian Method. New York: Contact Mechanics Plenum Press, 1995, 243-246
[30] 贺东哲,王元清,李少甫.管结点承载力的非线性有限元分析.工程力学,2000,17(4):50-55
[31] 钟承奎,王碧祥.无限维线性系统的有限维接触元.兰州大学学报,1994,30(2):1-4
[32] 刘国明.连杆接触单元非线性模型及其工程应用.福州大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(6):74-79
[33] 吴厚钰,郑润生,向松.接触问题有限元法及其在汽轮机强度设计中的应用.西安交通大学学报,1990,20,(5):79-87
[34] 杨生华.齿轮接触有限元分析.计算力学学报,2003,20(2):189-194
[35] 姚英姿,邓召义,莫云辉.齿轮的精确建模及其接触应力有限元分析.现代机械,2004,(6):16-17
[36] Zienkiewicz O C, Zhu J Z. A simple error estimator and adaptive procedure for practical engineering analysis. Int Number Methods Eng, 1987, 24: 337-357
[37] Barlam D, Zahavi E. The reliability of solutions in contact problems. Comp & Struct, 1999, 70: 35-45.
[38] 陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析ANSYS使用指南.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[39] 博嘉科技.有限元分析软件——ANSYS融会与贯通.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[40] 李润方,龚剑霞.接触问题数值方法及其在机械设计中的应用.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1991
[41] Johnson K L.接触力学.徐秉业译.北京:高等教育出版社,1992
[42] 尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰等.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用.北京: 中国水利水电出版社,2006
[43] Satyaveer S, Chauhan and Jean-Marie Proth. Analysis of a supply chain partnership with revenue sharing. International Journal of Production Economics, 2005, 97(1): 44-51
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