半刚接钢框架内填RC墙结构滞回性能研究
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摘要
半刚接钢框架内填RC墙结构(简称PSRCW)是一种新型组合结构体系,具有抗侧刚度大,承载力高,可修复等优点,在地震区具有良好的工程应用前景。由于钢框架同内填墙之间复杂的相互作用,PSRCW结构传力机理、破坏模式等仍不明晰。我国规范对此类结构的设计规定基本空白。因此,开展对PSRCW结构滞回性能的研究不仅具有理论意义,还具有工程价值。本文采用试验研究、有限元模拟及理论分析三者相结合的方式对PSRCW进行了系统研究,主要完成了下列有特色的工作:
(1)设计制作了11榀两层、单跨1/3缩尺的PSRCW试件,对其进行了低周反复加载试验。通过试验系统研究了PSRCW结构的传力机理、破坏模式、滞回性能、刚度退化、变形及延性、耗能能力等。考察了抗剪连接件类型、抗剪连接件数量、内填墙配筋率、内填墙厚度、内填墙形式、梁柱节点形式、混凝土强度等参数对PSRCW结构滞回性能的影响。
(2)基于试验研究及结构变形分析,提出了PSRCW结构的楼层抗侧刚度及整体抗侧刚度公式,对比分析了本文试验试件的抗侧刚度,验证了公式合理性。
(3)利用虚功原理、PSRCW结构理想的破坏模式,提出了不同荷载分布模式下多层、多跨PSRCW结构的塑性机构分析法。通过试验证明了可采用塑性机构法评估产生理想破坏PSRCW结构的最大水平承载力。
(4)提出了PSRCW结构的斜向板带宏观有限元模型,并采用斜向板带模型对本文部分试件滞回性能进行了有限元模拟,与试验结果对比表明该模型可以对PSRCW结构的滞回性能、水平承载力、抗侧刚度、变形及内力分配等性能进行合理评价。斜向板带模型避开了由于混凝土剪切本构关系研究不成熟而导致有限元模拟精度低的问题,同时大幅度减小结构总刚矩阵,提高了求解效率,为PSRCW结构滞回性能研究提供了一条有效途径。
(5)共设计了8个系列26个PSRCW试件,采用斜向板带模型系统分析了系列试件的滞回性能、刚度退化规律、内力分配关系等,研究了内填墙厚度、混凝土强度等级、梁柱连接抗弯能力、竖向荷载、高跨比等设计参数对PSRCW结构整体性能的影响,并根据分析结果得出了重要结论。
(6)提出了PSRCW结构的两阶段设计方法,其中,第一阶段采用基于力的弹性方法设计PSRCW结构主要构件截面。第二阶段采用基于能力设计法对带墙榀周边框架进行能力校核,确保PSRCW结构发生内填墙压碎的延性破坏,使PSRCW结构出现理想的破坏模式,获得最大的变形能力。
Partially-restrained steel frame with reinforced concrete walls (PSRCW) is a new composite structural system, which possesses large stiffness and lateral strength. The uppermost advantage is that the bad damaged infill walls after earthquake can be replaced because the surrounding steel frame still keeps its integrality. These advantages show PSRCW structure is suitable as an earthquake-resistant system located in seismic regions. However, due to the complex interactive action between steel frame and infill walls, some behaviors are still needed to be studied continually, such as force distribution and transferring mechanism, failure modes and so on. Besides, the relevant investigation of PSRCW is vacancy in our relative structural code. So the study on the hysteretic behavior of PSRCW structure has important value on its theory and practice. This dissertation investigates systematically the hysteric behavior of PSRCW based on test, finite element and theory methods, and the main characteristic contribution is as follows:
(1) Eleven one-bay, two-story test specimens on one-third scale are designed and tested under low reversed cyclic loading. The force transfer mechanism, failure mode, hysteretic behavior, stiffness degradation, deformation and ductility, and energy dissipation are discussed based on experimental results. The main design parameters of PSRCW are investigated, including of the type of shear connector, quantity of shear connector, reinforcement ratio, thickness and type of infill wall, type of PR connection and concrete grade etc.
(2) The initial stiffness functions of story and overall structure are established on the basis of the experimental investigation and deformation analysis of PSRCW, and theory results agree well with the results of test.
(3) Based on the virtual work theory and ideal plastic mechanism mode, plastic mechanism analytical method of PSRCW taking into account different lateral load distribution pattern is proposed. Theory calculating results conform well with real measuring ones, which indicates that plastic mechanism analytical method can be adopted to evaluate the maximum lateral strength of PSRCW structure.
(4) As to the mechanical character of infill walls of PSRCW, inclined strip model is put forward, and is used to model the specimens of this dissertation. Through comparing with test results, this model can evaluate reasonably the general performance of PSRCW including of hysteretic behavior, strength, lateral stiffness, deformation and force distribution and so on. The proposed approach can avoid low simulating accuracy using micro finite element methods due to limitation of cyclic constitutive model for concrete, and reduces the total stiffness matrix, and improves resolution efficiency, thus laying a foundation for the study of the hysteretic behavior of PSRCW.
(5) After verification of macro inclined strip model, a total of 26 specimens of 8 series are designed and simulated. The hysteric behavior, stiffness degradation, and force distribution etc of PSRCW are analyzed through taking into account the main design parameters including of thickness of infill walls, concrete grade, moment of PR connection, vertical load, height span ratio, and so on. Some advisable conclusions are proposed derived from this analysis.
(6) Two phase design method of PSRCW is proposed at present. At the first phase, these sections of main component of PSRCW are determined according to elastic design method. At the second phase, surrounding steel frame with infill walls is calibrated based on the capacity design method in order to ensure that PSRCW produce ductile failure due to crush of infill walls and the maximum deformation capacity is obtained.
(1)设计制作了11榀两层、单跨1/3缩尺的PSRCW试件,对其进行了低周反复加载试验。通过试验系统研究了PSRCW结构的传力机理、破坏模式、滞回性能、刚度退化、变形及延性、耗能能力等。考察了抗剪连接件类型、抗剪连接件数量、内填墙配筋率、内填墙厚度、内填墙形式、梁柱节点形式、混凝土强度等参数对PSRCW结构滞回性能的影响。
(2)基于试验研究及结构变形分析,提出了PSRCW结构的楼层抗侧刚度及整体抗侧刚度公式,对比分析了本文试验试件的抗侧刚度,验证了公式合理性。
(3)利用虚功原理、PSRCW结构理想的破坏模式,提出了不同荷载分布模式下多层、多跨PSRCW结构的塑性机构分析法。通过试验证明了可采用塑性机构法评估产生理想破坏PSRCW结构的最大水平承载力。
(4)提出了PSRCW结构的斜向板带宏观有限元模型,并采用斜向板带模型对本文部分试件滞回性能进行了有限元模拟,与试验结果对比表明该模型可以对PSRCW结构的滞回性能、水平承载力、抗侧刚度、变形及内力分配等性能进行合理评价。斜向板带模型避开了由于混凝土剪切本构关系研究不成熟而导致有限元模拟精度低的问题,同时大幅度减小结构总刚矩阵,提高了求解效率,为PSRCW结构滞回性能研究提供了一条有效途径。
(5)共设计了8个系列26个PSRCW试件,采用斜向板带模型系统分析了系列试件的滞回性能、刚度退化规律、内力分配关系等,研究了内填墙厚度、混凝土强度等级、梁柱连接抗弯能力、竖向荷载、高跨比等设计参数对PSRCW结构整体性能的影响,并根据分析结果得出了重要结论。
(6)提出了PSRCW结构的两阶段设计方法,其中,第一阶段采用基于力的弹性方法设计PSRCW结构主要构件截面。第二阶段采用基于能力设计法对带墙榀周边框架进行能力校核,确保PSRCW结构发生内填墙压碎的延性破坏,使PSRCW结构出现理想的破坏模式,获得最大的变形能力。
Partially-restrained steel frame with reinforced concrete walls (PSRCW) is a new composite structural system, which possesses large stiffness and lateral strength. The uppermost advantage is that the bad damaged infill walls after earthquake can be replaced because the surrounding steel frame still keeps its integrality. These advantages show PSRCW structure is suitable as an earthquake-resistant system located in seismic regions. However, due to the complex interactive action between steel frame and infill walls, some behaviors are still needed to be studied continually, such as force distribution and transferring mechanism, failure modes and so on. Besides, the relevant investigation of PSRCW is vacancy in our relative structural code. So the study on the hysteretic behavior of PSRCW structure has important value on its theory and practice. This dissertation investigates systematically the hysteric behavior of PSRCW based on test, finite element and theory methods, and the main characteristic contribution is as follows:
(1) Eleven one-bay, two-story test specimens on one-third scale are designed and tested under low reversed cyclic loading. The force transfer mechanism, failure mode, hysteretic behavior, stiffness degradation, deformation and ductility, and energy dissipation are discussed based on experimental results. The main design parameters of PSRCW are investigated, including of the type of shear connector, quantity of shear connector, reinforcement ratio, thickness and type of infill wall, type of PR connection and concrete grade etc.
(2) The initial stiffness functions of story and overall structure are established on the basis of the experimental investigation and deformation analysis of PSRCW, and theory results agree well with the results of test.
(3) Based on the virtual work theory and ideal plastic mechanism mode, plastic mechanism analytical method of PSRCW taking into account different lateral load distribution pattern is proposed. Theory calculating results conform well with real measuring ones, which indicates that plastic mechanism analytical method can be adopted to evaluate the maximum lateral strength of PSRCW structure.
(4) As to the mechanical character of infill walls of PSRCW, inclined strip model is put forward, and is used to model the specimens of this dissertation. Through comparing with test results, this model can evaluate reasonably the general performance of PSRCW including of hysteretic behavior, strength, lateral stiffness, deformation and force distribution and so on. The proposed approach can avoid low simulating accuracy using micro finite element methods due to limitation of cyclic constitutive model for concrete, and reduces the total stiffness matrix, and improves resolution efficiency, thus laying a foundation for the study of the hysteretic behavior of PSRCW.
(5) After verification of macro inclined strip model, a total of 26 specimens of 8 series are designed and simulated. The hysteric behavior, stiffness degradation, and force distribution etc of PSRCW are analyzed through taking into account the main design parameters including of thickness of infill walls, concrete grade, moment of PR connection, vertical load, height span ratio, and so on. Some advisable conclusions are proposed derived from this analysis.
(6) Two phase design method of PSRCW is proposed at present. At the first phase, these sections of main component of PSRCW are determined according to elastic design method. At the second phase, surrounding steel frame with infill walls is calibrated based on the capacity design method in order to ensure that PSRCW produce ductile failure due to crush of infill walls and the maximum deformation capacity is obtained.
引文
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