填闲作物阻控设施蔬菜土壤硝态氮累积和淋失的研究
|
摘要
本研究采用甜玉米(Zea mays L.)、苋菜(Amaranthus spp.)和甜高粱(Sorghum Linn.)作为填闲作物,研究不同填闲作物种类及其根层调控措施进行田间原位修复试验,以消减土壤剖面根层NO_3-N累积和降低土壤剖面NO_3-N淋失为目标,分析不同填闲作物种类及根层调控措施对NO_3-N淋洗的影响,明确填闲作物对下季作物产量和土壤NO_3-N的影响,主要结果如下:
(1)甜玉米的生物量和吸氮量最大,对土壤剖面NO_3-N的消减效果最好,2008年和2009年消减NO_3-N分别为153.76和605.70kg/hm2。从NO_3-N的表观平衡看,两季填闲的0-200cm土体NO_3-N的损失均以休闲最高;三种填闲作物比较,2008年甜玉米的N素损失量最低,2009年苋菜的最低,但与甜玉米无显著差异(P<0.05)。说明填闲作物的种植能够降低设施蔬菜土壤剖面NO_3-N的累积,其中以甜玉米的效果最佳。
(2)在生物量和吸氮量上,调理剂和秸秆还田的处理无显著差异(P<0.05),但均高于传统种植处理。两季填闲收获后的休闲处理的土壤剖面NO_3-N累积量最高,填闲种植的NO_3-N累积峰均在90-100cm,而休闲则在120-140cm。在土壤剖面NO3-N含量的动态变化中,休闲始终处于高残留状态。三种根层调控措施对土壤NO_3-N的含量影响,均在甜玉米的大喇叭口期(种植后40天)出现NO_3-N的减低,一直持续到收获,但秸秆还田在种植60天时出现一个高累积峰,从影响的土层深度上可以看出,传统种植影响到60cm,调理剂和秸秆还田则到了80cm。
(3)两年的水分渗漏量和NO_3-N淋失量趋势一致;2008年水分渗漏量高于2009年,这与2008年的降雨量大有关系。①不同填闲作物种类比较,2008年休闲、甜玉米、苋菜和甜高粱NO_3-N淋失量分别为3.6,1.9,2.4和2.6 kg/hm2,分别比休闲减少47%,35%和28%;2009年淋失量分别为1.4,1.3,3.0和5.1 kg/hm2;渗漏液中NO_3-N的浓度在第一季填闲并没有降低,到第二季时,已明显低于种植前期,以甜玉米处理浓度最低。②不同根层调控措施比较,2008年甜玉米传统种植、调理剂和秸秆还田处理在土壤剖面100cm的NO_3-N淋失量分别比休闲减少47%,83%和74%;而2009年只有传统种植低于休闲,其他两个处理高于填闲,调理剂和秸秆还田降低NO_3-N淋失的效果第二季最佳。
(4)不同填闲作物和根层调控措施对下茬黄瓜的产量、生物量和吸氮量均为前茬休闲最大,但无显著差异。黄瓜收获时,所有处理0-200cm土体NO_3-N的累积均为负值,其中苋菜最高,甜高粱次之,休闲和甜玉米无显著差异;调理剂的负累积低于传统种植和秸秆还田处理。在NO_3-N表观平衡中,前茬休闲NO_3-N的损失量最低,但与前茬甜玉米和调理剂的差异不显著。在土壤剖面100cm处土壤溶液中NO_3-N变化较小,处理间变化趋势一致,说明一季黄瓜种植后,100cm处的NO_3-N浓度还受前茬填闲的影响,填闲作物的提氮效果持续到黄瓜生长结束。此处淋失量前茬休闲、甜玉米、苋菜和甜高粱分别为14.14,6.70,9.89和7.40kg/hm~2,前茬休闲、传统种植、调理剂和秸秆还田分别是14.14,6.70,18.39和16.68kg/hm~2。可以看出黄瓜在种植期间的大水大肥导致NO3-N淋失量均高于填闲种植期间。
This research, adopting Sweet corn (Zea mays L.), Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.)and sweet sorghum(Sorghum Linn.)as catch crops, studies different categories of catch crops as well as their control measures in root zone to carry on the field home position repairing experiments. With decreasing soil nitrate accumulation and leaching in root zone as a target, this research analyzes different categories of catch crops and the influence of control measures in root zone NO_3-N leaching, and reveals their influence on crop yield in the next quarter and soil profile NO_3-N, main results as follows:
(1)The sweet corn was the best in biomass , N uptake, and the effect of soil profile NO_3-N reduction, with the reduction of NO_3-N being respectively 153.76 kg/hm2 and 605.70kg/hm2 in 2008 and in 2009.So from the perspective of balance of nitrogen, the loss of two quarters of catch crops 0-200cm soil NO_3-N was the highest in the terms of fallow; compared between the three kinds of catch crops, N loss planting with sweet corn was lowest in 2008, and then that of Amaranth in 2009 was the lowest, but there was little difference in that of Sweet corn.(P<0.05).This result can explain that the growth of the Sweet corn could decrease accumulation of vegetable soil NO_3-N.
(2)About biomass and N uptake with the measures of conditioner and straw have not substantial differences, but higher than measures of deep plowing. The accumulation of NO_3-N in soil profile after harvest of catch crop with the measures of fallow was the highest. Accumulation of NO_3-N with the measures of fallow was 90-100cm,while fallow was 120-140cm.In the variety of soil profile accumulation of NO_3-N, fallow was always in high residue. The effect of the three kinds of root layer conditioning agent on NO_3-N could fall in the large bugle stage of sweet corn(after planting 40 days)in NO_3-N,and maintains till harvest,but there was a peak at straw returning 60 days after sewing,from impact of depth we can see that the effect of conventional cultivation reaches 60cm,while conditioning agent and straw returning arrive at 80cm.
(3)The trend of leaching amount of water and NO_3-N was similar. That in 2008 was higher than that in 2009, corresponding with raining in 2008.①compared with different kinds of catch crops,NO_3-N leakage of Sweet corn Amaranth and sweet sorghum was 1.9 kg/hm~2,2.4 kg/hm~2and 2.6 kg/hm~2 respectively in 2008,compared to fallow, that decrease by 47%,35% and 28% respectively;leaching reach 1.4 kg/hm~2,1.3 kg/hm~2,3.0 kg/hm~2 and 5.1 kg/hm~2 respectively in 2009; the content of NO_3-N in the leakage was not falling in the first quarters of fallow,but in second quarters,which was lower than that before planting clearly,the control measure of Sweet corn was the lowest.②compared with different control measures,NO_3-N leakages with three kinds of control measures in 100cm of soil root layer were reduced by 47%,83% and 74% separately than fallow treatment, and the leaching amount was lowest in soil structure conditioner treatment;in 2009, conventional cultivation was lower than fallow,while other two treatments were higher than treatment with catch crop,the effect of root layer conditioning agent and straw returning to low NO_3-N leaching was the best in second quarters.
(4) In The effect of succeeding cucumber yield、N uptake and biomass of different kinds of catch crops and root layer conditioning agent, previous crops were always the best,without too clear difference. When cucumbers were harvested,all the treatment 0-200cm the accumulation of soil NO_3-N was negative,that of Amaranth was the highest,and followed by that of sweet sorghum,and that of fallow and Sweet corn has not clear difference;the accumulation of soil NO_3-N of root layer conditioning agent was less than that the measures of conventional cultivation and straw returning in apparent in the nitrogen balance,previous fallow NO_3-N losing was the lowest,compared with previous Sweet corn and root layer conditioning agent, without significant difference. In soil profile 100cm, the content of NO_3-N varies not too much, and the trend of treatments change was similar,which shows after cucumber,soil content of NO_3-N in 100cm was still under influence of previous crop,and catch crops provide nitrogen effect until the end of cucumber. At This point, leakage previous fallow Sweet corn、Amaranth and sweet sorghum arrive at 14.14 kg/hm~2,6.70 kg/hm~2,9.89 kg/hm~2 and 7.40kg/hm~2 respectively. The measures of previous fallow conventional cultivation, root layer conditioning agent and straw returning reach 14.14 kg/hm~2,6.70 kg/hm~2,18.39 kg/hm~2 and16.68kg/hm~2 respectively.It could be seen clearly that cucumber in a large fertilizer planting during the flooding caused NO_3-N leakage higher than that planted during the catch.
(1)甜玉米的生物量和吸氮量最大,对土壤剖面NO_3-N的消减效果最好,2008年和2009年消减NO_3-N分别为153.76和605.70kg/hm2。从NO_3-N的表观平衡看,两季填闲的0-200cm土体NO_3-N的损失均以休闲最高;三种填闲作物比较,2008年甜玉米的N素损失量最低,2009年苋菜的最低,但与甜玉米无显著差异(P<0.05)。说明填闲作物的种植能够降低设施蔬菜土壤剖面NO_3-N的累积,其中以甜玉米的效果最佳。
(2)在生物量和吸氮量上,调理剂和秸秆还田的处理无显著差异(P<0.05),但均高于传统种植处理。两季填闲收获后的休闲处理的土壤剖面NO_3-N累积量最高,填闲种植的NO_3-N累积峰均在90-100cm,而休闲则在120-140cm。在土壤剖面NO3-N含量的动态变化中,休闲始终处于高残留状态。三种根层调控措施对土壤NO_3-N的含量影响,均在甜玉米的大喇叭口期(种植后40天)出现NO_3-N的减低,一直持续到收获,但秸秆还田在种植60天时出现一个高累积峰,从影响的土层深度上可以看出,传统种植影响到60cm,调理剂和秸秆还田则到了80cm。
(3)两年的水分渗漏量和NO_3-N淋失量趋势一致;2008年水分渗漏量高于2009年,这与2008年的降雨量大有关系。①不同填闲作物种类比较,2008年休闲、甜玉米、苋菜和甜高粱NO_3-N淋失量分别为3.6,1.9,2.4和2.6 kg/hm2,分别比休闲减少47%,35%和28%;2009年淋失量分别为1.4,1.3,3.0和5.1 kg/hm2;渗漏液中NO_3-N的浓度在第一季填闲并没有降低,到第二季时,已明显低于种植前期,以甜玉米处理浓度最低。②不同根层调控措施比较,2008年甜玉米传统种植、调理剂和秸秆还田处理在土壤剖面100cm的NO_3-N淋失量分别比休闲减少47%,83%和74%;而2009年只有传统种植低于休闲,其他两个处理高于填闲,调理剂和秸秆还田降低NO_3-N淋失的效果第二季最佳。
(4)不同填闲作物和根层调控措施对下茬黄瓜的产量、生物量和吸氮量均为前茬休闲最大,但无显著差异。黄瓜收获时,所有处理0-200cm土体NO_3-N的累积均为负值,其中苋菜最高,甜高粱次之,休闲和甜玉米无显著差异;调理剂的负累积低于传统种植和秸秆还田处理。在NO_3-N表观平衡中,前茬休闲NO_3-N的损失量最低,但与前茬甜玉米和调理剂的差异不显著。在土壤剖面100cm处土壤溶液中NO_3-N变化较小,处理间变化趋势一致,说明一季黄瓜种植后,100cm处的NO_3-N浓度还受前茬填闲的影响,填闲作物的提氮效果持续到黄瓜生长结束。此处淋失量前茬休闲、甜玉米、苋菜和甜高粱分别为14.14,6.70,9.89和7.40kg/hm~2,前茬休闲、传统种植、调理剂和秸秆还田分别是14.14,6.70,18.39和16.68kg/hm~2。可以看出黄瓜在种植期间的大水大肥导致NO3-N淋失量均高于填闲种植期间。
This research, adopting Sweet corn (Zea mays L.), Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.)and sweet sorghum(Sorghum Linn.)as catch crops, studies different categories of catch crops as well as their control measures in root zone to carry on the field home position repairing experiments. With decreasing soil nitrate accumulation and leaching in root zone as a target, this research analyzes different categories of catch crops and the influence of control measures in root zone NO_3-N leaching, and reveals their influence on crop yield in the next quarter and soil profile NO_3-N, main results as follows:
(1)The sweet corn was the best in biomass , N uptake, and the effect of soil profile NO_3-N reduction, with the reduction of NO_3-N being respectively 153.76 kg/hm2 and 605.70kg/hm2 in 2008 and in 2009.So from the perspective of balance of nitrogen, the loss of two quarters of catch crops 0-200cm soil NO_3-N was the highest in the terms of fallow; compared between the three kinds of catch crops, N loss planting with sweet corn was lowest in 2008, and then that of Amaranth in 2009 was the lowest, but there was little difference in that of Sweet corn.(P<0.05).This result can explain that the growth of the Sweet corn could decrease accumulation of vegetable soil NO_3-N.
(2)About biomass and N uptake with the measures of conditioner and straw have not substantial differences, but higher than measures of deep plowing. The accumulation of NO_3-N in soil profile after harvest of catch crop with the measures of fallow was the highest. Accumulation of NO_3-N with the measures of fallow was 90-100cm,while fallow was 120-140cm.In the variety of soil profile accumulation of NO_3-N, fallow was always in high residue. The effect of the three kinds of root layer conditioning agent on NO_3-N could fall in the large bugle stage of sweet corn(after planting 40 days)in NO_3-N,and maintains till harvest,but there was a peak at straw returning 60 days after sewing,from impact of depth we can see that the effect of conventional cultivation reaches 60cm,while conditioning agent and straw returning arrive at 80cm.
(3)The trend of leaching amount of water and NO_3-N was similar. That in 2008 was higher than that in 2009, corresponding with raining in 2008.①compared with different kinds of catch crops,NO_3-N leakage of Sweet corn Amaranth and sweet sorghum was 1.9 kg/hm~2,2.4 kg/hm~2and 2.6 kg/hm~2 respectively in 2008,compared to fallow, that decrease by 47%,35% and 28% respectively;leaching reach 1.4 kg/hm~2,1.3 kg/hm~2,3.0 kg/hm~2 and 5.1 kg/hm~2 respectively in 2009; the content of NO_3-N in the leakage was not falling in the first quarters of fallow,but in second quarters,which was lower than that before planting clearly,the control measure of Sweet corn was the lowest.②compared with different control measures,NO_3-N leakages with three kinds of control measures in 100cm of soil root layer were reduced by 47%,83% and 74% separately than fallow treatment, and the leaching amount was lowest in soil structure conditioner treatment;in 2009, conventional cultivation was lower than fallow,while other two treatments were higher than treatment with catch crop,the effect of root layer conditioning agent and straw returning to low NO_3-N leaching was the best in second quarters.
(4) In The effect of succeeding cucumber yield、N uptake and biomass of different kinds of catch crops and root layer conditioning agent, previous crops were always the best,without too clear difference. When cucumbers were harvested,all the treatment 0-200cm the accumulation of soil NO_3-N was negative,that of Amaranth was the highest,and followed by that of sweet sorghum,and that of fallow and Sweet corn has not clear difference;the accumulation of soil NO_3-N of root layer conditioning agent was less than that the measures of conventional cultivation and straw returning in apparent in the nitrogen balance,previous fallow NO_3-N losing was the lowest,compared with previous Sweet corn and root layer conditioning agent, without significant difference. In soil profile 100cm, the content of NO_3-N varies not too much, and the trend of treatments change was similar,which shows after cucumber,soil content of NO_3-N in 100cm was still under influence of previous crop,and catch crops provide nitrogen effect until the end of cucumber. At This point, leakage previous fallow Sweet corn、Amaranth and sweet sorghum arrive at 14.14 kg/hm~2,6.70 kg/hm~2,9.89 kg/hm~2 and 7.40kg/hm~2 respectively. The measures of previous fallow conventional cultivation, root layer conditioning agent and straw returning reach 14.14 kg/hm~2,6.70 kg/hm~2,18.39 kg/hm~2 and16.68kg/hm~2 respectively.It could be seen clearly that cucumber in a large fertilizer planting during the flooding caused NO_3-N leakage higher than that planted during the catch.
引文
[1]张维理,徐爱国,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策Ⅲ.中国农业面源污染控制中存在问题分析[J].中国农业科学2004,37(7):1026-1033.
[2]Rodrigues M A, Coutinho J, Martins F. Efficacy and limitations of triticale as a nitrogen catch crop in a mediterranean environment[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2002, 17: 155- 160.
[3]Bouwman A F, Drecht G V,Hoek V D. Global and Regional Surface Nitrogen Balance in Intensive Agriculture Production Systems for the Period 1970-2030[J].pedosphere, 200515(2):137-155.
[4]Zhang W L, Tian Z X, Li X Q. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in northern China[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 1996, 59: 223-231.
[5]2004年中国环境状况公报[M], 2005.
[6]Thorburn P J, Biggs J S, Weie K L, et al. Nitrate in groundwater of intensive agricultural areas in coastal Northeastern Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2003, 94:49-58.
[7]金赞芳,王飞儿,陈英旭,等.城市地下水硝酸盐污染及其成因分析[J].土壤学报, 2006,41(2):252-2528.
[8]Chen Q, Zhang X S, Zhang H Y,et al. Evaluation of current fertilizer practice and soil fertility in vegetable production in the Beijing region[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004, 69: 51-58
[9]何飞飞.设施番茄生产体系的氮素优化管理及其环境效应研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2006.
[10]Zhu J H, Li X L, Christie P, et al. Environmental implications of low nitrogen use efficiency in excessively fertilized hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cropping systems[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005, 111: 70-80.
[11]汤丽玲,陈清,张宏彦.不同灌溉与施肥措施对露地菜田土壤无机氮残留的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2002, 8(3): 282-287.
[12]Cao L K, Chen G J ,Lu Y T. Nitrogen Leaching in Vegetable Fields in the Suburbs of Shanghai[J]. Pedosphere, 2005, 15(5): 641-645.
[13]Ju X T, Kou C L, Zhang F S, et al. Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination: Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2006.143:117-125
[13]Gustafson A, Fleischer S, Joelsson A. A catchment-oriented and cost effective policy for water protection[J].Ecological Engineering, 2000,14(4): 419-427.
[14]Thorup-Kristensen K. Effect of deep and shallow root systems on the dynamics of soil inorganic N during 3-year crop rotations[J]. Plant Soil , 2006,288:233–248.
[15]Thorup-Kristensen K, Magid J, Jensen L S. Catch crops and green manures as biological tools in nitrogen anagement in temperate zones[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2003,79: 227-302.
[16]Berntsen J, Olesen J E, Petersen B M,et al. Long-term fate of nitrogen uptake in catch crops[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2006, 25: 383-390.
[17]袁丽金,巨晓棠,张丽娟,等.设施蔬菜土壤剖面氮磷钾积累及对地下水的影响[J].中国农业生态学报, 2010,18(1):14-19.
[18]叶灵,巨哓棠,张丽娟,等.华北平原典型农田土壤硝态氮累积及对地下水的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2010,24(2):165-168,178.
[19]彭琳.中国化肥施用与粮食生产的进程前景与布局[J].西北农业学报,1999,8(6):1-5.
[20]中国农业年鉴编委会.2008年中国农业统计年鉴[M],北京,2009.
[21]中国农业年鉴编委会.2000年中国农业统计年鉴[M],北京,2001.
[22]周建斌,陈竹君,唐莉莉,翟丙年,许安民,冯武焕,韩瑞.日光温室土壤剖面矿质态氮的含量﹑累积及其分布特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):675-680.
[23]沈根祥,杨建军,黄沈发,姚政,唐浩.塑料大棚盐渍化土壤灌水洗盐对水环境污染负荷的研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):124-127.
[24]Ju X T, Kou C L, Christie P,et al. Changes in the soil environment from excessive application of fertilizers and manures to two contrasting intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain [J].Environmental Pollution, 2007, 145:497-506.
[25]马文奇,毛达如,张福锁.山东大棚蔬菜施肥中存在的问题及对策[A].李晓林.平衡施肥与可持续优质蔬菜生产[C].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2000: 41-47.
[26]陈清,张福锁,主编.蔬菜养分资源综合管理理论与实践[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2007:8.
[27]陆轶峰,李宗逊,雷宝坤.滇池流域农田氮、磷肥施用现状与评价[J].云南环境科学, 2003,22(1):34-37.
[28]杜连凤,吴琼,赵同科,等.北京市郊典型农田施肥研究与分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009 (3):75-78.
[29]蔡万涛,陈阜,崔永恒,等.不同种植模式对土壤矿质氮累积量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2009,15(6):1260-1265.
[30]钱海燕,王兴祥,黄国勤,等.施肥对连作蔬菜地蔬菜产量和土壤氮苏含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):270-275.
[31]李忠芳,陈金瑛,陈楚,等.过量施用氮肥对苋菜和木耳菜硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2006,22(11):288-290.
[32]马文奇,毛达如,张福锁.山东省蔬菜大棚养分积累状况[J].磷肥与复肥,2000,15(3):65-67.
[33]何飞飞,任涛,陈清,等.日光温室蔬菜的氮素平衡及施肥调控潜力分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2008,14(4):692-699.
[34]寇长林,巨晓棠,张福锁.三种集约化种植体系氮素平衡及其对地下水硝酸盐含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(4):660-667.
[35]梁成华,唐咏,须湘成.等.日光温室菜园土的磷素形态及吸附和解吸特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 1998,4(4):345-351.
[36]王平,刘淑英.兰州市安宁区蔬菜保护地土壤盐分的含量及其剖面分布规律[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1998,33(2):186-189.
[37]王芳,李友宏,赵天成,等. NPK配施及不同氮源对蔬菜产量及硝酸盐积累的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2009,3:4-5.
[38]郭全忠,张建平,陈竹君,等.肥水调控对日光温室番茄土壤养分和盐分累积的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(7):111-117.
[39]郭巧云,向志伟.施氮对玉屏县蔬菜产量硝酸盐含量的影响[J].现代农业,2009:33-35.
[40]黄满湘,张国梁,章申,等.旱作农田氮素向水体的迁移及其阻控对策[A].见:李振声,朱兆良,等.挖掘生物高效利用土壤养分潜力保持土壤环境良性循环[C].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004,344-376.
[41]Townsend M A, Sleezer R O, Macko S A. Effects of agricultural practices and vadose zone stratigraphy on nitrate concentration in ground water in Kansas[J], Water Science and Technology, 1996, 33 (45):219-226.
[42]董章杭,李季,孙丽梅,等.硝酸盐污染影响的研究-以“中国蔬菜之乡”山东省寿光市为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2005, 24(6):1139-1144.
[43]巩建华,柯遵伟,李季.河北省藁城市蔬菜种植区化肥施用与地下水硝酸盐污染研究[J].农村生态环境,2004,(20): 56-59.
[44]余德辉.中国湖泊富营养化防治状况及存在问题[A].国家环境保护总局科技标准司.中国湖泊富营养化及其防治研究[C].北京:中国环境科学出版,2001:1-7.
[45]马立珊,钱敏仁.太湖流域水环境硝态氮和亚硝态氮污染的研究[J].环境科学,1987,8(2):60-65.
[46]张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面元污染形势估计及控制对策1.21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.
[47]赵同科,张成军,杜连凤,等.环渤海七省(市)地下水硝酸盐含量调查[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007,26(2):779-783.
[48]邢光熹.2000.中国农田N2O排放的分析估算与减缓对策[J].农村生态环境,16 (4 ): 1-6.
[49]高强,刘淑霞,王宇,等.施肥对农业生态环境的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002, 22:106-112.
[50]施振香,柳云龙,尹骏,等.上海城郊不同农业用地类型土壤硝化和反硝化作用[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):99-103.
[51]刘真贞.不同施氮措施对菜地N2O排放的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学硕士论文,200.7.
[52]梁东丽,同延安,Ove Emteryd,等.菜地不同施氮量下N2O逸出量的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2002,30(2):73-77.
[53]王朝辉,李生秀.不同氮肥用量对蔬菜硝态氮累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998, 4(1):22-28.
[54]邱孝煊,黄东风.施肥对蔬菜硝酸盐累积的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(2):111-114.
[55]任祖淦,邱孝煊,蔡元呈,等.化学氮肥对蔬菜累积硝酸盐的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 1997,3(1):81-84.
[56]叶春.菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的污染[J].食品工程,2007,2:26-28.
[57]宋丽菊.饮食与胃癌的病因[J].北京医学学报,1978, (1): 52-60.
[58]朱建华.蔬菜保护地氮素去向及其利用研究[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2002.
[59]陆安祥,赵云龙,王纪华,等.不同土地利用类型下氮、磷在土壤剖面中的分布特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3923-3929.
[60]姚春霞,陈振楼,陆利民,等.上海市蔬菜地土壤硝态氮状况研究[J].生态环境,2005,14(2):220-223.
[61]杜会英.保护地蔬菜氮肥利用、土壤养分和盐分累积特征研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院博士论文, 2007.
[62]王智超.农田土壤硝态氮累积及干湿交替过程的影响[D].中国农业大学硕士学位论文,北京,2006.
[63]吕殿青,同延安,孙本华,等.氮肥施用对环境污染影响的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998, 4(1):8-15.
[64]袁新民,李晓林,同延安,等.,陕西关中地区蔬菜地土壤的N03--N累积[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(5): 102-105.
[65]李俊良,朱建华,张晓晟,等.保护地番茄养分利用及土壤氮素淋失[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2001,7(2):126-129.
[66]王朝辉,宗志强,李生秀,等.蔬菜的硝态氮累积及菜地土壤的硝态氮残留[J].环境科学,2002,23(3):79-83.
[67]唐莉莉,陈竹君,周建斌.蔬菜日光温室栽培条件下土壤养分累积特性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):70-74.
[68]寇长林,巨晓棠,高强,等.两种农作体系施肥对土壤环境质量的影响[J].生态学报,2004, 24(11):2548-2556.
[69]刘兆辉.山东大棚蔬菜土壤养分特征及合理施肥研究[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2000
[70]张国印,王丽英,王凌,等.河北省典型保护地蔬菜土壤硝态氮的含量和分布[J]河北农业科学, 2004,8(4):22-25.
[71]郭瑞英,彭丽华,陈清,等.秸秆与氰胺化钙调控技术对温室黄瓜生长及氮素残留的影响[J].生态环境,2006,15(3):633-636.
[72]刘宏斌,李志宏,张云贵,等.北京市农田土壤硝态氮的分布与累积特征[J].中国农业科学, 2004, 37(5): 692-698.
[73]L J Zhang, X T Ju, Q Gao,et al. Recovery of 15N-labeled nitrate injected into deep subsoil by maize in a Calcaric Cambisol in North China Plain[J]. Com Soil Sci Plant analysis, 2007,38(1):1563- 1577.
[74]Jégoa G, Martínezb M, Antigüedadb I, et al. Evaluation of the impact of various agricultural practices on nitrate leaching under the root zone of potato and sugar beet using the STICS soil–crop model[J]. Science of the Total Envoronment, 2008, 394:207-221.
[75]王凌,张国印,孙世友,等.河北省蔬菜高产区化肥施用对地下水硝态氮含量的影响[J].河北农业科学, 2008, 12 (10): 75-77.
[76]Guo H M,Li G H,Zhang D Y,et al.Nitrogen balance and dynamice as affected by water table and fertilization management in celery(Apium graveolens cropping system of southwestern China[J].African journal of agrieultural researeh,2007,2(4):139-149.
[77]Stites W, Kraft G J. Nitrate and chloride loading to groundwater from an irrigated north-central US. sand plain vegetable fields[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2001,30:1176-1184.
[78]Ramos C, Domingo R, Oliver J. Nitrate leaching under two nitrogen managements. In: Germon, J.C. (Ed),Management Systems to Reduce Impact of Nitrates[J]. Elsevier Applied Science, London,1989: 99-109.
[79]司友斌,王慎强,陈满怀.农田氮磷的流失与水体富营养化[J].土壤,2000, (4): 188-193.
[80]高亚军,李生秀,李世清,等.施肥与灌水对硝态氮在土壤中残留的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005, 19(6):61-64.
[81]黄绍敏,宝德俊,皇甫湘荣.施氮对潮土土壤及地下水硝态氮含量的影响[J].农业环境保护, 2000,19(4): 228-229,241.
[82]肖厚军,阎献芳,彭钢.氮肥对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,200 1,29( 1 ): 22-24.
[83]巨晓棠,刘学军,张福锁.冬小麦-夏玉米轮作中NO3--N在土壤剖面的累积及移动[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):538-546.
[84]黄学芳,池宝亮,张冬梅,等.长期施肥对晋西北农田硝态氮累积与分布的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(4):204-207.
[85]李宗新,董树亭,王空军,等.不同肥料运筹对夏玉米田间土壤氮素淋溶与挥发影响的原位研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报2007,13(6):998-1005.
[86]张云贵,刘宏斌,李志宏,等.长期施肥条件下华北平原农田硝态氮淋失风险的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):711-716.
[87]章明清,陈防,林琼,等.施肥对菜园土壤养分淋溶流失浓度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报2008,14(2):291-299.
[88]袁新民,王周琼.硝态氮的淋洗及其影响因素[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(4):46-52.
[89]张永丽,于振文.灌水量对不同小麦品种籽粒品质、产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):155-159.
[90]于红梅,曾燕舞.填闲作物的种植对下茬蔬菜产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].安徽农业科, 2007,35(8):2336-2337,2339.
[91]孙文涛,张玉龙,娄春荣,等.灌溉方法对温室番茄栽培尿素氮利用影响的研究[J].核农学报2007,21(3):295-298.
[92]习金根,周建斌.不同灌溉施肥方式下尿素态氮在土迁移转化特性的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(3):271-275.
[93]杨林,薛栋森, Henry C L, et al.生物固体对土壤氮循环和硝态氮淋洗的影响[J].农业环境保护, 1997,16(4): 182-186.
[94]张庆忠,陈欣,沈善敏.农田土壤硝酸盐累积与淋失研究进展[J].应用生态学报, 2002,13(2):233-238.
[95]黄丽华,沈根祥,钱晓雍,等.砂质梨园和蔬菜地氮素流失及其影响因素研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,3:687-691.
[96]叶优良.间作对氮素和水分利用的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2003.
[97]张玉铭.华北太行山前平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田氮素循环与平衡研究[D].北京:中国农业大学硕士论文,2004.
[98]Grossmann J, Udluft P. The extraction of soil water by the suction cup method:a review[J]. Journal of Soil Science, 1991, 42:83-93.
[99]陈宝,颜朝阳,范迪富,等.用土壤溶液提取器采集土壤溶液方法与效果[J].江苏地质,2004, 28(3):151-154.
[100]张学军,赵桂芳,陈晓群,等.菜田土壤氮素淋失及其调控措施的研究进展[J].生态环境,2004, 13(1): 105-108.
[101]Trindade H, Coutinho1 J, Van Beusichem M L, et al. Nitrate leaching from sandy loam soils under a double-cropping forage system estimated from suction-probe measurements[J].Plant and Soil,1997,195:247-256.
[102]张丽娟,巨晓棠,张福锁,彭正萍.土壤剖面不同层次标记硝态氮的运移及其后效[J].中国农业科学2007,40(9):1964-1972.
[103]Benkenstein H, Kruger W, Pagel H, Field model experiments optaket of 15N-labelled nitrate and ammonium from the subsoil by winter rye[J].Archiv-fur-Aeker-und-Pflanzenbau-und Bodenkunde, 1900,34(10):673-681.
[104]Komor S C , Anderson H W. Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate sources in Ivlinnesota Sand-Plain aquifers[J]. Ground Water, 1993,31(2):260-270.
[105]张翠云,张胜,李政红,等.利用氮同位素技术识别石家庄市地下水硝酸盐污染源[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(2):183-191.
[106]Ulrich D, Feger K H, Gong Y S, et al. Soil water balance and nitrate leaching in winter wheat–summer maize double-cropping systems with different irrigation and N fertilization in the North China Plain[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrient Soil Science, 2005,168: 454-460.
[107]金梁,胡克林,李保国,龚元石.作物生长与土壤水氮运移联合模拟的研究Ⅱ-模型验证与应用[J].水利学报, 2007,38(8):972-980.
[108]胡春胜,程一松,于贵瑞.华北平原施氮对农田土壤溶液中硝态氮含量的影响[J].资源科学, 2001,23(6):46-48.
[109]Gathumbi S M, Cadisch G, Buresh R J, et al. Subsoil nitrogen capture in mixed legume stands as assessed by deep nitrogen-15 placement[J]. Soil Science Society America Journal, 2003, 67:573-582.
[110]Vos J, van der Putten P E L. Nutrient cycling in a cropping system with potato, spring wheat, sugar beet, oats and nitrogen catch crops. II. Effect of catch crops on nitrate leaching in autumn and winter[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004,70: 23-31.
[111]Thomsen I K. Nitrate leaching under spring barley is influenced by the presence of a ryegrass catch crop results from a lysimeter experiment[J].Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005, 111:21-29.
[112]Noordwijk M V, Lawson G., Soumare A, et al. Root distribution of trees and crops: Competition and/or complementarily[A]. In: C. K. Ong, P. Huxley, eds. Tree-crop interactions[C]. CAB International. UK. Waallingford, 1996:319-364.
[113]Rowe E C, Hairiah K, Giller K E,et al. Testing the safety-net role of hedgerow tree roots by 15N placement at different soil depths. Agroforestry Systems, 1999.,43: 81-93 .
[114]Boller, Bullock G A. Cover cropping systems for the central corn belt[J].J. Prod.Agric, 1994,7:55-58.
[115]Rodrigues MA, Coutinho J, Martins F. Efficacy and limitations of triticale as a nitrogen catch crop in a mediterranean environment[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2002,17: 155- 160.
[116]Hasegawa H, Denison R F. Model predictions of winter rainfall effects on N dynamics of winter wheat rotation following legume cover crop or fallow[J]. Field Crops Research ,2005,91:251-261.
[117]Hendrix P F, Coleman D C , Crossley D A. Using knowledge of soil Nutrient cycling processes to design sustainable agriculture[A]. In“Integrating Sustainable Agriculture Ecology, and Environmental Policy”[C]. New York:Food Products Press,1992: 9-19.
[118]Lu Y C, Watkins B,Teasdale J.Economic analysis of sustainable agricultural cropping systems for mid-atlantic states[J].J.Sust.Agric.1999,15:77-93.
[119]Thomsen I K, Christensen B T. Nitrogen conserving potential of successive ryegrass catch crops in continuous spring barley[J]. Soil Use and Management, 1999,15: 195-200.
[120]J?rgen Olesen ,Petersen Bj?rn M, Hansen Elly M. Long-term fate of nitrogen uptake in catch crops[J].Europ. J. Agronomy 2006,25 :383-390.
[121]Trindade H,Coutinbo J,Jarvis S,et al.Nitrogen mineralization in sandy loam soils under an intensive double-cropping forage system with dairy-cattle slurry applications[J].Europeas Journal of Agronomy,2001,15:281-293.
[122]Van Dam A M, Leffelaar P A. Root, soil water and nitrogen dynamics in a catch crop soil system in the Wageningen Rhizolab[J]. Netherlands Journal of Agicultural Science, 1998,46: 267-284.
[123]Wang Q, Li Y, Klassen W. Influence of summer cover crops on conservation of soil water and nutrients in a subtropical area[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,60(1):58-63.
[124]Thorup-Kristensen K, Nielsen N E. Modelling and measuring the effect of nitrogen catch crops on nitrogen supply for succeeding crops[J]. Plant and Soil, 1998, 203: 79-89.
[125]Tarkalson D D, Payero J O, Ensley S M, et al. Nitrate accumulation and movement under deficit irrigation in soil receiving cattle manure and commercial fertilizer[J]. Agricultural water management, 2006,85: 201-210.
[126]任智慧.京郊露地菜田土壤硝酸盐累积及阻控对策[D].北京:中国农业大学硕士论文,2003.
[127]郭瑞英.日光温室黄瓜种植体系根层氮素调控及氮素淋洗损失阻控对策[D].北京:中国农业大学博士学位论文,2007.
[128]张继宗,刘培财,左强,等.北方设施菜地夏季不同填闲作物的吸氮效果比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报
[129]Mccracken D V, Smith M S, Grove J H,et al. Nitrate leaching as influenced by cover cropping and nitrogen source[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994, 58: 1476-1483.
[130]Tonitto, David M B,Drinkwater L E, Replacing bare fallows with cover crops in fertilizer-intensive cropping systems: A meta-analysis of crop yield and N dynamics[J]. Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, 2006,112:58-72.
[131]Blumenthal J M, Russele M P, Lamb J F S. Subsoil nitrate and bromide uptake by contrasting Alfalfa entries[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1999,91:269-275.
[132]Michael W S, Jiang Z C , Richard J H. Root morphology and its relationship with nitrate uptake in Kentucky bluegrass[J]. Crop Science, 2000, 40:765-772.
[133]Vos J, Van Der putten P E L. Leffelaar. Field observations on nitrogen catch crops. II. Root length and root length distribution in relation to species and nitrogen supply[J]. Plant and Soil, 1998,201:149-155.
[134]Thorup-Kristensen K. Are differences in root growth of nitrogen catch crops important for their ability to reduce soil nitrate-N content, and how can this be measured?[J]Plant and Soil, 2001, 230: 185-195.
[135]Kristensen H L, Thorup-Kristensen K. Root growth and nitrate uptake of three different catch crops in deep soil layers[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2004,68: 529-537.
[136]Vuurenmmi V , Robinson D. Nutrient inflow and root proliferation during the exploitation of a temporally and spatially discrete source of nitrogen in soil[J]. Plant and Soil, 1996, 178(2): 185-197.
[137]Christiansen J S, Thorup-Kristensen K H, Kristensen L.. Root development of beetroot, sweet corn and celeriac, and soil N content after incorporation of green manure[J]. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2006,81 (5): 831-838.
[138]Guo R Y, Li X L, Christie P, et al. Influence of root zone nitrogen management and a summer catch crop on cucumber yield and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in intensive production systems[J]. Plant and Soil, 2008,313:55-70.
[139]Askegaard M, Olesen J E, Kristensen K. Nitrate leaching from organic arable crop rotations: effects of location, manure and catch crop[J]. Soil Use Management. 2005,21:81-188.
[140]Hansen M@ller E, Djurhuus J.Nitrate leaching as influenced by soil tillage and catch crop[J].Soil & Tillage Research 1997,41 :203-219.
[141]Ranells N N , Wagger M G. Nitrogen release from grass and legume green manure monocultures and bicultures[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1996, 88: 777-782.
[142]Francis G S, Bartley K M, Tabley F J. The effect of winter cover crop management on nitrate leaching losses and crop growth[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1998, 131: 299-308.
[143]袁丽金.耕层水肥调控对土壤深层累积硝态氮的生物有效性及运移的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学硕士论文,2009.
[144]Stenberg M, Aronsson H, Linden B, et al.Soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate leaching losses in soil tillage systems combined with a catch crop[J]. Soil and Tillage Research 1999, 50 :115-125.
[145]员学锋,汪有科,吴普特,冯浩.聚丙烯酰胺减少土壤养分的淋溶损失研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2005,24(5):929-934.
[146]陈少坤,孟庆瑞,李颜慧,梁隐泉,张晓曼,王连芳,杨建民.土壤调理剂对杏园土壤性状及根系分布的影响[J].果树学报, 2008, 25(6):832-836.
[147]Elers B, Hartmann H D. Biologische Konservierung Von Nitrat[J]. Gemiise, 1987,4: 210-214.
[148]Thorup-Kristensen K. The effect of nitrogen catch crops on the nitrogen nutrition of a succeeding crop.I.Effects through mineralization and pre-emptive competition. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica[J], Section B– Soil and Plant, 1993, 43: 74-81.
[149]Norman R J, Gilmour J T , Wells B R. Mineralization of nitrogen from nitrogen -15 labeled crop residues and utilization by rice[J]. Soil Science Society America Journal, 1990,54: 1351-1356.
[150]Wyland L J, Jackson L E , Chaney W E. Winter cover crops in a vegetable cropping system: impacts on nitrate leaching, soil cover, crop yield, pests and management costs. Agriculture[J], Ecosystems and Environment, 1996, 59: 1-17.
[151]Kuo S, Jellum E J. Long-term winter cover cropping effects. on corn (Zea mays L.) production and soil nitrogen availability[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2000, 31: 470-477.
[152]Magid J,Henrikse O,Thorup-Kristensen,et al.Decoupled and cycling at low temperatures- implications for green manure efficiency in temperate agro-ecosytems[J].Plam Soil,2001, 228: 73-82.
[153]侯彦林,李红英,周永娟,赵慧明.中国农田氮面源污染研究:Ⅱ污染评价指标体系的初步制定.农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(4):1277-1282.
[154]任图生.土壤物理测定与分析[M].北京:中国农业大学,2007.
[155]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社2005.
[156]张丽娟.农田生态系统中残留硝态氮的行为及植物利用[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2002.
[157]Mitsch W J, Day J, W J,et al.. Reducing nitrogen loading to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin: Strategies to counter persistent ecological problem[J]. Bioscience, 2001, 51: 373-388.
[158]Wiesler F, Hors W J .Root growth and nitrate utilization of maize cultivars under field conditions[J].Plant and Soil,1994,163(2):267-277.
[159]陈建生,徐培智,唐拴虎,等.秋播甜玉米氮磷钾营养特点及施肥措施对其影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(11):272-277.
[160]张志鹏,朱凯,王艳秋,等.甜高粱不同播期对主要性状影响的研究[J].辽宁农业科学, 2005(3):69-70.
[161]Barbanti L,Grandi S,Vecchi A,et al.Sweet and fiber sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench), energy crops in the frame of environmental protection from excessive nitrogen loads[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2006,25:30-39.
[162] Ju X T,Gao Q,Christie P,Zhang F S.Interception of residual nitrate from a calcareous alluvial soil profile on the North China Plain by deep-rooted crops:A 15N tracer study[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,146:534-542.
[163]江永红,宇振荣,马永良.秸秆还田对农田生态系统及作物生长的影响[J].土壤通报, 2001, 32 (5): 209-213.
[164]徐文通.山地枇杷果园施用TC土壤改良剂的效应研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,22(1):34-37.
[165]陈之群,孙治强.土壤调理剂对土壤理化性质及甘蓝生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2005, 21:53-56.
[166]张洪熙,赵步洪,杜永林,谭长乐,戴正元,季红娟,王宝和,周长海.小麦秸秆还田条件下轻简栽培水稻的生长特性[J].中国水稻科学, 2008,22 (6):603-609.
[167]马军勇.水肥调控对作物生长及水肥利用效率的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[168]杜红霞,吴普特,冯浩,王百群,马军勇,杜建.新型土壤改良剂对冬小麦生长及养分吸收的影响.水土保持学报,2009,23(3):97-102.
[169]徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,王志琴,张敏,杨建昌.麦秸还田及氮肥管理技术对水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(2):284-291.
[170]Forde B G, Lorenzo H.The nutritional control of root develop-ment[J].Plant and Soil,2001, 232:51-68.
[171]李贵桐,赵紫娟,黄元仿,李保国.秸秆还田对土壤氮素转化的影响[J].物营养与肥料,2002,8(2):162-167.
[172]李志勇,陈明灿,王璞,翟志席,MARION Boening Zilkens.几种水氮模式处理下冬小麦根系生长的差异[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(6):1031-1035.
[173]Li C H,Ma B L,Zhang T Q. Soil dulk density effects on microbial population and enzyme activities during the growth of maize(zea mays L.)planted large pots under field exposure[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2002,82:147-154.
[174]赵鹏,陈阜.秸秆还田配施氮肥对夏玉米氮利用及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].河南农业大学学报, 2009, 43(1):14-18.
[175]袁新民,同延安,杨学云,等.不同施氮量对土壤NO -N累积的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2000, 19(1): 8-13.
[176]潘涌璋,朱峰,李健忠.广州市白云区露天蔬菜地土壤及地下水硝酸盐污染调查研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(12):5147-5148,5162.
[177]张丽娟,巨晓棠.北方设施蔬菜种植区地下水硝酸盐来源分析-以山东省惠民县为例[J].中国农业科学,2010 .(已接收).
[178]赵扩元,李俊良,刘庆花,等.填闲作物对日光温室土壤理化性状及黄瓜产量的影响[J].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,24(4): 286-290.
[179]吴艳飞,高丽红,李红岭,等.连作温室夏季不同利用模式对黄瓜产量及土壤环境影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(12):2551-2556.
[180]Thorup-Kristensen K. The effect of nitrogen catch crop species on the nitrogen nutrition of succeeding crops[J]. Fertility Research, 1994,37: 227-234.
[181]Booltink H W G. Field monitoring of nitrate leaching and water flow in a structured clay soil. Agriculture[J]. Ecosystems and Environment, 1995, 52 :251-261.
[182]刘晓涛.甜玉米的营养价值及其加工现状的研究[J].农业工程技术,2009,3:47-48.
[183]王守义,宿令,郭风法.甜玉米秸秆最佳青贮时期的研究[J].安徽农业科学,1999,27(1):88-89.
[184]张文娟,吴鹏,董云炜,等.甜高粱经济价值及种植技术[J].安徽农学通报, 2009,15(16):111.
[2]Rodrigues M A, Coutinho J, Martins F. Efficacy and limitations of triticale as a nitrogen catch crop in a mediterranean environment[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2002, 17: 155- 160.
[3]Bouwman A F, Drecht G V,Hoek V D. Global and Regional Surface Nitrogen Balance in Intensive Agriculture Production Systems for the Period 1970-2030[J].pedosphere, 200515(2):137-155.
[4]Zhang W L, Tian Z X, Li X Q. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in northern China[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 1996, 59: 223-231.
[5]2004年中国环境状况公报[M], 2005.
[6]Thorburn P J, Biggs J S, Weie K L, et al. Nitrate in groundwater of intensive agricultural areas in coastal Northeastern Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2003, 94:49-58.
[7]金赞芳,王飞儿,陈英旭,等.城市地下水硝酸盐污染及其成因分析[J].土壤学报, 2006,41(2):252-2528.
[8]Chen Q, Zhang X S, Zhang H Y,et al. Evaluation of current fertilizer practice and soil fertility in vegetable production in the Beijing region[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004, 69: 51-58
[9]何飞飞.设施番茄生产体系的氮素优化管理及其环境效应研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2006.
[10]Zhu J H, Li X L, Christie P, et al. Environmental implications of low nitrogen use efficiency in excessively fertilized hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cropping systems[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005, 111: 70-80.
[11]汤丽玲,陈清,张宏彦.不同灌溉与施肥措施对露地菜田土壤无机氮残留的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2002, 8(3): 282-287.
[12]Cao L K, Chen G J ,Lu Y T. Nitrogen Leaching in Vegetable Fields in the Suburbs of Shanghai[J]. Pedosphere, 2005, 15(5): 641-645.
[13]Ju X T, Kou C L, Zhang F S, et al. Nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination: Comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2006.143:117-125
[13]Gustafson A, Fleischer S, Joelsson A. A catchment-oriented and cost effective policy for water protection[J].Ecological Engineering, 2000,14(4): 419-427.
[14]Thorup-Kristensen K. Effect of deep and shallow root systems on the dynamics of soil inorganic N during 3-year crop rotations[J]. Plant Soil , 2006,288:233–248.
[15]Thorup-Kristensen K, Magid J, Jensen L S. Catch crops and green manures as biological tools in nitrogen anagement in temperate zones[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2003,79: 227-302.
[16]Berntsen J, Olesen J E, Petersen B M,et al. Long-term fate of nitrogen uptake in catch crops[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2006, 25: 383-390.
[17]袁丽金,巨晓棠,张丽娟,等.设施蔬菜土壤剖面氮磷钾积累及对地下水的影响[J].中国农业生态学报, 2010,18(1):14-19.
[18]叶灵,巨哓棠,张丽娟,等.华北平原典型农田土壤硝态氮累积及对地下水的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2010,24(2):165-168,178.
[19]彭琳.中国化肥施用与粮食生产的进程前景与布局[J].西北农业学报,1999,8(6):1-5.
[20]中国农业年鉴编委会.2008年中国农业统计年鉴[M],北京,2009.
[21]中国农业年鉴编委会.2000年中国农业统计年鉴[M],北京,2001.
[22]周建斌,陈竹君,唐莉莉,翟丙年,许安民,冯武焕,韩瑞.日光温室土壤剖面矿质态氮的含量﹑累积及其分布特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(5):675-680.
[23]沈根祥,杨建军,黄沈发,姚政,唐浩.塑料大棚盐渍化土壤灌水洗盐对水环境污染负荷的研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):124-127.
[24]Ju X T, Kou C L, Christie P,et al. Changes in the soil environment from excessive application of fertilizers and manures to two contrasting intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain [J].Environmental Pollution, 2007, 145:497-506.
[25]马文奇,毛达如,张福锁.山东大棚蔬菜施肥中存在的问题及对策[A].李晓林.平衡施肥与可持续优质蔬菜生产[C].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2000: 41-47.
[26]陈清,张福锁,主编.蔬菜养分资源综合管理理论与实践[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2007:8.
[27]陆轶峰,李宗逊,雷宝坤.滇池流域农田氮、磷肥施用现状与评价[J].云南环境科学, 2003,22(1):34-37.
[28]杜连凤,吴琼,赵同科,等.北京市郊典型农田施肥研究与分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009 (3):75-78.
[29]蔡万涛,陈阜,崔永恒,等.不同种植模式对土壤矿质氮累积量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2009,15(6):1260-1265.
[30]钱海燕,王兴祥,黄国勤,等.施肥对连作蔬菜地蔬菜产量和土壤氮苏含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(7):270-275.
[31]李忠芳,陈金瑛,陈楚,等.过量施用氮肥对苋菜和木耳菜硝酸盐含量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2006,22(11):288-290.
[32]马文奇,毛达如,张福锁.山东省蔬菜大棚养分积累状况[J].磷肥与复肥,2000,15(3):65-67.
[33]何飞飞,任涛,陈清,等.日光温室蔬菜的氮素平衡及施肥调控潜力分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2008,14(4):692-699.
[34]寇长林,巨晓棠,张福锁.三种集约化种植体系氮素平衡及其对地下水硝酸盐含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(4):660-667.
[35]梁成华,唐咏,须湘成.等.日光温室菜园土的磷素形态及吸附和解吸特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 1998,4(4):345-351.
[36]王平,刘淑英.兰州市安宁区蔬菜保护地土壤盐分的含量及其剖面分布规律[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1998,33(2):186-189.
[37]王芳,李友宏,赵天成,等. NPK配施及不同氮源对蔬菜产量及硝酸盐积累的影响[J].宁夏农林科技,2009,3:4-5.
[38]郭全忠,张建平,陈竹君,等.肥水调控对日光温室番茄土壤养分和盐分累积的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,36(7):111-117.
[39]郭巧云,向志伟.施氮对玉屏县蔬菜产量硝酸盐含量的影响[J].现代农业,2009:33-35.
[40]黄满湘,张国梁,章申,等.旱作农田氮素向水体的迁移及其阻控对策[A].见:李振声,朱兆良,等.挖掘生物高效利用土壤养分潜力保持土壤环境良性循环[C].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004,344-376.
[41]Townsend M A, Sleezer R O, Macko S A. Effects of agricultural practices and vadose zone stratigraphy on nitrate concentration in ground water in Kansas[J], Water Science and Technology, 1996, 33 (45):219-226.
[42]董章杭,李季,孙丽梅,等.硝酸盐污染影响的研究-以“中国蔬菜之乡”山东省寿光市为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2005, 24(6):1139-1144.
[43]巩建华,柯遵伟,李季.河北省藁城市蔬菜种植区化肥施用与地下水硝酸盐污染研究[J].农村生态环境,2004,(20): 56-59.
[44]余德辉.中国湖泊富营养化防治状况及存在问题[A].国家环境保护总局科技标准司.中国湖泊富营养化及其防治研究[C].北京:中国环境科学出版,2001:1-7.
[45]马立珊,钱敏仁.太湖流域水环境硝态氮和亚硝态氮污染的研究[J].环境科学,1987,8(2):60-65.
[46]张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面元污染形势估计及控制对策1.21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.
[47]赵同科,张成军,杜连凤,等.环渤海七省(市)地下水硝酸盐含量调查[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007,26(2):779-783.
[48]邢光熹.2000.中国农田N2O排放的分析估算与减缓对策[J].农村生态环境,16 (4 ): 1-6.
[49]高强,刘淑霞,王宇,等.施肥对农业生态环境的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002, 22:106-112.
[50]施振香,柳云龙,尹骏,等.上海城郊不同农业用地类型土壤硝化和反硝化作用[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):99-103.
[51]刘真贞.不同施氮措施对菜地N2O排放的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学硕士论文,200.7.
[52]梁东丽,同延安,Ove Emteryd,等.菜地不同施氮量下N2O逸出量的研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2002,30(2):73-77.
[53]王朝辉,李生秀.不同氮肥用量对蔬菜硝态氮累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998, 4(1):22-28.
[54]邱孝煊,黄东风.施肥对蔬菜硝酸盐累积的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(2):111-114.
[55]任祖淦,邱孝煊,蔡元呈,等.化学氮肥对蔬菜累积硝酸盐的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 1997,3(1):81-84.
[56]叶春.菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的污染[J].食品工程,2007,2:26-28.
[57]宋丽菊.饮食与胃癌的病因[J].北京医学学报,1978, (1): 52-60.
[58]朱建华.蔬菜保护地氮素去向及其利用研究[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2002.
[59]陆安祥,赵云龙,王纪华,等.不同土地利用类型下氮、磷在土壤剖面中的分布特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3923-3929.
[60]姚春霞,陈振楼,陆利民,等.上海市蔬菜地土壤硝态氮状况研究[J].生态环境,2005,14(2):220-223.
[61]杜会英.保护地蔬菜氮肥利用、土壤养分和盐分累积特征研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院博士论文, 2007.
[62]王智超.农田土壤硝态氮累积及干湿交替过程的影响[D].中国农业大学硕士学位论文,北京,2006.
[63]吕殿青,同延安,孙本华,等.氮肥施用对环境污染影响的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998, 4(1):8-15.
[64]袁新民,李晓林,同延安,等.,陕西关中地区蔬菜地土壤的N03--N累积[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1999,5(5): 102-105.
[65]李俊良,朱建华,张晓晟,等.保护地番茄养分利用及土壤氮素淋失[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2001,7(2):126-129.
[66]王朝辉,宗志强,李生秀,等.蔬菜的硝态氮累积及菜地土壤的硝态氮残留[J].环境科学,2002,23(3):79-83.
[67]唐莉莉,陈竹君,周建斌.蔬菜日光温室栽培条件下土壤养分累积特性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(2):70-74.
[68]寇长林,巨晓棠,高强,等.两种农作体系施肥对土壤环境质量的影响[J].生态学报,2004, 24(11):2548-2556.
[69]刘兆辉.山东大棚蔬菜土壤养分特征及合理施肥研究[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2000
[70]张国印,王丽英,王凌,等.河北省典型保护地蔬菜土壤硝态氮的含量和分布[J]河北农业科学, 2004,8(4):22-25.
[71]郭瑞英,彭丽华,陈清,等.秸秆与氰胺化钙调控技术对温室黄瓜生长及氮素残留的影响[J].生态环境,2006,15(3):633-636.
[72]刘宏斌,李志宏,张云贵,等.北京市农田土壤硝态氮的分布与累积特征[J].中国农业科学, 2004, 37(5): 692-698.
[73]L J Zhang, X T Ju, Q Gao,et al. Recovery of 15N-labeled nitrate injected into deep subsoil by maize in a Calcaric Cambisol in North China Plain[J]. Com Soil Sci Plant analysis, 2007,38(1):1563- 1577.
[74]Jégoa G, Martínezb M, Antigüedadb I, et al. Evaluation of the impact of various agricultural practices on nitrate leaching under the root zone of potato and sugar beet using the STICS soil–crop model[J]. Science of the Total Envoronment, 2008, 394:207-221.
[75]王凌,张国印,孙世友,等.河北省蔬菜高产区化肥施用对地下水硝态氮含量的影响[J].河北农业科学, 2008, 12 (10): 75-77.
[76]Guo H M,Li G H,Zhang D Y,et al.Nitrogen balance and dynamice as affected by water table and fertilization management in celery(Apium graveolens cropping system of southwestern China[J].African journal of agrieultural researeh,2007,2(4):139-149.
[77]Stites W, Kraft G J. Nitrate and chloride loading to groundwater from an irrigated north-central US. sand plain vegetable fields[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2001,30:1176-1184.
[78]Ramos C, Domingo R, Oliver J. Nitrate leaching under two nitrogen managements. In: Germon, J.C. (Ed),Management Systems to Reduce Impact of Nitrates[J]. Elsevier Applied Science, London,1989: 99-109.
[79]司友斌,王慎强,陈满怀.农田氮磷的流失与水体富营养化[J].土壤,2000, (4): 188-193.
[80]高亚军,李生秀,李世清,等.施肥与灌水对硝态氮在土壤中残留的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005, 19(6):61-64.
[81]黄绍敏,宝德俊,皇甫湘荣.施氮对潮土土壤及地下水硝态氮含量的影响[J].农业环境保护, 2000,19(4): 228-229,241.
[82]肖厚军,阎献芳,彭钢.氮肥对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,200 1,29( 1 ): 22-24.
[83]巨晓棠,刘学军,张福锁.冬小麦-夏玉米轮作中NO3--N在土壤剖面的累积及移动[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):538-546.
[84]黄学芳,池宝亮,张冬梅,等.长期施肥对晋西北农田硝态氮累积与分布的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(4):204-207.
[85]李宗新,董树亭,王空军,等.不同肥料运筹对夏玉米田间土壤氮素淋溶与挥发影响的原位研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报2007,13(6):998-1005.
[86]张云贵,刘宏斌,李志宏,等.长期施肥条件下华北平原农田硝态氮淋失风险的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):711-716.
[87]章明清,陈防,林琼,等.施肥对菜园土壤养分淋溶流失浓度的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报2008,14(2):291-299.
[88]袁新民,王周琼.硝态氮的淋洗及其影响因素[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(4):46-52.
[89]张永丽,于振文.灌水量对不同小麦品种籽粒品质、产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):155-159.
[90]于红梅,曾燕舞.填闲作物的种植对下茬蔬菜产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].安徽农业科, 2007,35(8):2336-2337,2339.
[91]孙文涛,张玉龙,娄春荣,等.灌溉方法对温室番茄栽培尿素氮利用影响的研究[J].核农学报2007,21(3):295-298.
[92]习金根,周建斌.不同灌溉施肥方式下尿素态氮在土迁移转化特性的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(3):271-275.
[93]杨林,薛栋森, Henry C L, et al.生物固体对土壤氮循环和硝态氮淋洗的影响[J].农业环境保护, 1997,16(4): 182-186.
[94]张庆忠,陈欣,沈善敏.农田土壤硝酸盐累积与淋失研究进展[J].应用生态学报, 2002,13(2):233-238.
[95]黄丽华,沈根祥,钱晓雍,等.砂质梨园和蔬菜地氮素流失及其影响因素研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,3:687-691.
[96]叶优良.间作对氮素和水分利用的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2003.
[97]张玉铭.华北太行山前平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田氮素循环与平衡研究[D].北京:中国农业大学硕士论文,2004.
[98]Grossmann J, Udluft P. The extraction of soil water by the suction cup method:a review[J]. Journal of Soil Science, 1991, 42:83-93.
[99]陈宝,颜朝阳,范迪富,等.用土壤溶液提取器采集土壤溶液方法与效果[J].江苏地质,2004, 28(3):151-154.
[100]张学军,赵桂芳,陈晓群,等.菜田土壤氮素淋失及其调控措施的研究进展[J].生态环境,2004, 13(1): 105-108.
[101]Trindade H, Coutinho1 J, Van Beusichem M L, et al. Nitrate leaching from sandy loam soils under a double-cropping forage system estimated from suction-probe measurements[J].Plant and Soil,1997,195:247-256.
[102]张丽娟,巨晓棠,张福锁,彭正萍.土壤剖面不同层次标记硝态氮的运移及其后效[J].中国农业科学2007,40(9):1964-1972.
[103]Benkenstein H, Kruger W, Pagel H, Field model experiments optaket of 15N-labelled nitrate and ammonium from the subsoil by winter rye[J].Archiv-fur-Aeker-und-Pflanzenbau-und Bodenkunde, 1900,34(10):673-681.
[104]Komor S C , Anderson H W. Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate sources in Ivlinnesota Sand-Plain aquifers[J]. Ground Water, 1993,31(2):260-270.
[105]张翠云,张胜,李政红,等.利用氮同位素技术识别石家庄市地下水硝酸盐污染源[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(2):183-191.
[106]Ulrich D, Feger K H, Gong Y S, et al. Soil water balance and nitrate leaching in winter wheat–summer maize double-cropping systems with different irrigation and N fertilization in the North China Plain[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrient Soil Science, 2005,168: 454-460.
[107]金梁,胡克林,李保国,龚元石.作物生长与土壤水氮运移联合模拟的研究Ⅱ-模型验证与应用[J].水利学报, 2007,38(8):972-980.
[108]胡春胜,程一松,于贵瑞.华北平原施氮对农田土壤溶液中硝态氮含量的影响[J].资源科学, 2001,23(6):46-48.
[109]Gathumbi S M, Cadisch G, Buresh R J, et al. Subsoil nitrogen capture in mixed legume stands as assessed by deep nitrogen-15 placement[J]. Soil Science Society America Journal, 2003, 67:573-582.
[110]Vos J, van der Putten P E L. Nutrient cycling in a cropping system with potato, spring wheat, sugar beet, oats and nitrogen catch crops. II. Effect of catch crops on nitrate leaching in autumn and winter[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2004,70: 23-31.
[111]Thomsen I K. Nitrate leaching under spring barley is influenced by the presence of a ryegrass catch crop results from a lysimeter experiment[J].Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005, 111:21-29.
[112]Noordwijk M V, Lawson G., Soumare A, et al. Root distribution of trees and crops: Competition and/or complementarily[A]. In: C. K. Ong, P. Huxley, eds. Tree-crop interactions[C]. CAB International. UK. Waallingford, 1996:319-364.
[113]Rowe E C, Hairiah K, Giller K E,et al. Testing the safety-net role of hedgerow tree roots by 15N placement at different soil depths. Agroforestry Systems, 1999.,43: 81-93 .
[114]Boller, Bullock G A. Cover cropping systems for the central corn belt[J].J. Prod.Agric, 1994,7:55-58.
[115]Rodrigues MA, Coutinho J, Martins F. Efficacy and limitations of triticale as a nitrogen catch crop in a mediterranean environment[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2002,17: 155- 160.
[116]Hasegawa H, Denison R F. Model predictions of winter rainfall effects on N dynamics of winter wheat rotation following legume cover crop or fallow[J]. Field Crops Research ,2005,91:251-261.
[117]Hendrix P F, Coleman D C , Crossley D A. Using knowledge of soil Nutrient cycling processes to design sustainable agriculture[A]. In“Integrating Sustainable Agriculture Ecology, and Environmental Policy”[C]. New York:Food Products Press,1992: 9-19.
[118]Lu Y C, Watkins B,Teasdale J.Economic analysis of sustainable agricultural cropping systems for mid-atlantic states[J].J.Sust.Agric.1999,15:77-93.
[119]Thomsen I K, Christensen B T. Nitrogen conserving potential of successive ryegrass catch crops in continuous spring barley[J]. Soil Use and Management, 1999,15: 195-200.
[120]J?rgen Olesen ,Petersen Bj?rn M, Hansen Elly M. Long-term fate of nitrogen uptake in catch crops[J].Europ. J. Agronomy 2006,25 :383-390.
[121]Trindade H,Coutinbo J,Jarvis S,et al.Nitrogen mineralization in sandy loam soils under an intensive double-cropping forage system with dairy-cattle slurry applications[J].Europeas Journal of Agronomy,2001,15:281-293.
[122]Van Dam A M, Leffelaar P A. Root, soil water and nitrogen dynamics in a catch crop soil system in the Wageningen Rhizolab[J]. Netherlands Journal of Agicultural Science, 1998,46: 267-284.
[123]Wang Q, Li Y, Klassen W. Influence of summer cover crops on conservation of soil water and nutrients in a subtropical area[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,60(1):58-63.
[124]Thorup-Kristensen K, Nielsen N E. Modelling and measuring the effect of nitrogen catch crops on nitrogen supply for succeeding crops[J]. Plant and Soil, 1998, 203: 79-89.
[125]Tarkalson D D, Payero J O, Ensley S M, et al. Nitrate accumulation and movement under deficit irrigation in soil receiving cattle manure and commercial fertilizer[J]. Agricultural water management, 2006,85: 201-210.
[126]任智慧.京郊露地菜田土壤硝酸盐累积及阻控对策[D].北京:中国农业大学硕士论文,2003.
[127]郭瑞英.日光温室黄瓜种植体系根层氮素调控及氮素淋洗损失阻控对策[D].北京:中国农业大学博士学位论文,2007.
[128]张继宗,刘培财,左强,等.北方设施菜地夏季不同填闲作物的吸氮效果比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报
[129]Mccracken D V, Smith M S, Grove J H,et al. Nitrate leaching as influenced by cover cropping and nitrogen source[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994, 58: 1476-1483.
[130]Tonitto, David M B,Drinkwater L E, Replacing bare fallows with cover crops in fertilizer-intensive cropping systems: A meta-analysis of crop yield and N dynamics[J]. Agriculture. Ecosystems and Environment, 2006,112:58-72.
[131]Blumenthal J M, Russele M P, Lamb J F S. Subsoil nitrate and bromide uptake by contrasting Alfalfa entries[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1999,91:269-275.
[132]Michael W S, Jiang Z C , Richard J H. Root morphology and its relationship with nitrate uptake in Kentucky bluegrass[J]. Crop Science, 2000, 40:765-772.
[133]Vos J, Van Der putten P E L. Leffelaar. Field observations on nitrogen catch crops. II. Root length and root length distribution in relation to species and nitrogen supply[J]. Plant and Soil, 1998,201:149-155.
[134]Thorup-Kristensen K. Are differences in root growth of nitrogen catch crops important for their ability to reduce soil nitrate-N content, and how can this be measured?[J]Plant and Soil, 2001, 230: 185-195.
[135]Kristensen H L, Thorup-Kristensen K. Root growth and nitrate uptake of three different catch crops in deep soil layers[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2004,68: 529-537.
[136]Vuurenmmi V , Robinson D. Nutrient inflow and root proliferation during the exploitation of a temporally and spatially discrete source of nitrogen in soil[J]. Plant and Soil, 1996, 178(2): 185-197.
[137]Christiansen J S, Thorup-Kristensen K H, Kristensen L.. Root development of beetroot, sweet corn and celeriac, and soil N content after incorporation of green manure[J]. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2006,81 (5): 831-838.
[138]Guo R Y, Li X L, Christie P, et al. Influence of root zone nitrogen management and a summer catch crop on cucumber yield and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics in intensive production systems[J]. Plant and Soil, 2008,313:55-70.
[139]Askegaard M, Olesen J E, Kristensen K. Nitrate leaching from organic arable crop rotations: effects of location, manure and catch crop[J]. Soil Use Management. 2005,21:81-188.
[140]Hansen M@ller E, Djurhuus J.Nitrate leaching as influenced by soil tillage and catch crop[J].Soil & Tillage Research 1997,41 :203-219.
[141]Ranells N N , Wagger M G. Nitrogen release from grass and legume green manure monocultures and bicultures[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1996, 88: 777-782.
[142]Francis G S, Bartley K M, Tabley F J. The effect of winter cover crop management on nitrate leaching losses and crop growth[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1998, 131: 299-308.
[143]袁丽金.耕层水肥调控对土壤深层累积硝态氮的生物有效性及运移的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学硕士论文,2009.
[144]Stenberg M, Aronsson H, Linden B, et al.Soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate leaching losses in soil tillage systems combined with a catch crop[J]. Soil and Tillage Research 1999, 50 :115-125.
[145]员学锋,汪有科,吴普特,冯浩.聚丙烯酰胺减少土壤养分的淋溶损失研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2005,24(5):929-934.
[146]陈少坤,孟庆瑞,李颜慧,梁隐泉,张晓曼,王连芳,杨建民.土壤调理剂对杏园土壤性状及根系分布的影响[J].果树学报, 2008, 25(6):832-836.
[147]Elers B, Hartmann H D. Biologische Konservierung Von Nitrat[J]. Gemiise, 1987,4: 210-214.
[148]Thorup-Kristensen K. The effect of nitrogen catch crops on the nitrogen nutrition of a succeeding crop.I.Effects through mineralization and pre-emptive competition. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica[J], Section B– Soil and Plant, 1993, 43: 74-81.
[149]Norman R J, Gilmour J T , Wells B R. Mineralization of nitrogen from nitrogen -15 labeled crop residues and utilization by rice[J]. Soil Science Society America Journal, 1990,54: 1351-1356.
[150]Wyland L J, Jackson L E , Chaney W E. Winter cover crops in a vegetable cropping system: impacts on nitrate leaching, soil cover, crop yield, pests and management costs. Agriculture[J], Ecosystems and Environment, 1996, 59: 1-17.
[151]Kuo S, Jellum E J. Long-term winter cover cropping effects. on corn (Zea mays L.) production and soil nitrogen availability[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2000, 31: 470-477.
[152]Magid J,Henrikse O,Thorup-Kristensen,et al.Decoupled and cycling at low temperatures- implications for green manure efficiency in temperate agro-ecosytems[J].Plam Soil,2001, 228: 73-82.
[153]侯彦林,李红英,周永娟,赵慧明.中国农田氮面源污染研究:Ⅱ污染评价指标体系的初步制定.农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(4):1277-1282.
[154]任图生.土壤物理测定与分析[M].北京:中国农业大学,2007.
[155]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社2005.
[156]张丽娟.农田生态系统中残留硝态氮的行为及植物利用[D].北京:中国农业大学博士论文,2002.
[157]Mitsch W J, Day J, W J,et al.. Reducing nitrogen loading to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin: Strategies to counter persistent ecological problem[J]. Bioscience, 2001, 51: 373-388.
[158]Wiesler F, Hors W J .Root growth and nitrate utilization of maize cultivars under field conditions[J].Plant and Soil,1994,163(2):267-277.
[159]陈建生,徐培智,唐拴虎,等.秋播甜玉米氮磷钾营养特点及施肥措施对其影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(11):272-277.
[160]张志鹏,朱凯,王艳秋,等.甜高粱不同播期对主要性状影响的研究[J].辽宁农业科学, 2005(3):69-70.
[161]Barbanti L,Grandi S,Vecchi A,et al.Sweet and fiber sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench), energy crops in the frame of environmental protection from excessive nitrogen loads[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2006,25:30-39.
[162] Ju X T,Gao Q,Christie P,Zhang F S.Interception of residual nitrate from a calcareous alluvial soil profile on the North China Plain by deep-rooted crops:A 15N tracer study[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,146:534-542.
[163]江永红,宇振荣,马永良.秸秆还田对农田生态系统及作物生长的影响[J].土壤通报, 2001, 32 (5): 209-213.
[164]徐文通.山地枇杷果园施用TC土壤改良剂的效应研究[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,22(1):34-37.
[165]陈之群,孙治强.土壤调理剂对土壤理化性质及甘蓝生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2005, 21:53-56.
[166]张洪熙,赵步洪,杜永林,谭长乐,戴正元,季红娟,王宝和,周长海.小麦秸秆还田条件下轻简栽培水稻的生长特性[J].中国水稻科学, 2008,22 (6):603-609.
[167]马军勇.水肥调控对作物生长及水肥利用效率的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[168]杜红霞,吴普特,冯浩,王百群,马军勇,杜建.新型土壤改良剂对冬小麦生长及养分吸收的影响.水土保持学报,2009,23(3):97-102.
[169]徐国伟,吴长付,刘辉,王志琴,张敏,杨建昌.麦秸还田及氮肥管理技术对水稻产量的影响[J].作物学报,2007,33(2):284-291.
[170]Forde B G, Lorenzo H.The nutritional control of root develop-ment[J].Plant and Soil,2001, 232:51-68.
[171]李贵桐,赵紫娟,黄元仿,李保国.秸秆还田对土壤氮素转化的影响[J].物营养与肥料,2002,8(2):162-167.
[172]李志勇,陈明灿,王璞,翟志席,MARION Boening Zilkens.几种水氮模式处理下冬小麦根系生长的差异[J].麦类作物学报,2008,28(6):1031-1035.
[173]Li C H,Ma B L,Zhang T Q. Soil dulk density effects on microbial population and enzyme activities during the growth of maize(zea mays L.)planted large pots under field exposure[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2002,82:147-154.
[174]赵鹏,陈阜.秸秆还田配施氮肥对夏玉米氮利用及土壤硝态氮的影响[J].河南农业大学学报, 2009, 43(1):14-18.
[175]袁新民,同延安,杨学云,等.不同施氮量对土壤NO -N累积的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2000, 19(1): 8-13.
[176]潘涌璋,朱峰,李健忠.广州市白云区露天蔬菜地土壤及地下水硝酸盐污染调查研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(12):5147-5148,5162.
[177]张丽娟,巨晓棠.北方设施蔬菜种植区地下水硝酸盐来源分析-以山东省惠民县为例[J].中国农业科学,2010 .(已接收).
[178]赵扩元,李俊良,刘庆花,等.填闲作物对日光温室土壤理化性状及黄瓜产量的影响[J].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,24(4): 286-290.
[179]吴艳飞,高丽红,李红岭,等.连作温室夏季不同利用模式对黄瓜产量及土壤环境影响[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(12):2551-2556.
[180]Thorup-Kristensen K. The effect of nitrogen catch crop species on the nitrogen nutrition of succeeding crops[J]. Fertility Research, 1994,37: 227-234.
[181]Booltink H W G. Field monitoring of nitrate leaching and water flow in a structured clay soil. Agriculture[J]. Ecosystems and Environment, 1995, 52 :251-261.
[182]刘晓涛.甜玉米的营养价值及其加工现状的研究[J].农业工程技术,2009,3:47-48.
[183]王守义,宿令,郭风法.甜玉米秸秆最佳青贮时期的研究[J].安徽农业科学,1999,27(1):88-89.
[184]张文娟,吴鹏,董云炜,等.甜高粱经济价值及种植技术[J].安徽农学通报, 2009,15(16):111.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |