全光微波信号处理技术的研究
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摘要
随着人们对宽带无线通信需求的增长,无线通信向高频的微波频段拓展。然而由于处理速率的限制,传统的电子技术对于高速微波信号的处理显得捉襟见肘。同时,随着频率的提高,微波信号在空气中的传输损耗也增加,因此微波信号无法进行长距离的传输。光子具有天然的带宽巨大的优势,因此采用光子技术处理高速的微波信号可以摆脱电子技术处理速率瓶颈的限制。并且,光纤具有低损耗长距离传输的能力,因此可以借助光纤通信技术来实现微波信号的长距离传输,如光纤无线电(RoF)、光纤超宽带(UWB over fiber)技术等等。此外,采用光子技术处理微波信号还具有极强的抗电磁干扰能力,因而微波光子技术在军事、民用通信等方面均具有重要的应用价值。
本论文基于电光调制器、光学滤波器以及半导体光放大器(SOA)开展了微波光子技术方面的研究,主要的研究内容包括微波光子滤波器、光学产生及调制超宽带(UWB)信号以及光学产生相位编码的微波信号。本论文的贡献主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)利用光学带通滤波器对相位调制的光信号进行失谐滤波,得到功能新颖的微波光子滤波器。提出了基于相位调制和两个可调光学滤波器(TOBF)实现可切换的微波光子滤波器,通过控制TOBF对相位调制的光信号失谐方向,在光域内实现微波信号的相加或相减,得到在带通滤波和带阻滤波之间相互切换的微波光子滤波器；同时对方案进行改进,提出了采用阵列波导光栅(AWG)的两个信道对相位调制的两列光信号分别进行反向失谐滤波,得到通带更加平坦以及阻带频率选择性更强的微波光子带阻滤波器；提出了采用延时干涉仪(DI)结合TOBF同时得到微波带通与微波带阻滤波器,利用DI的两个输出端口的传递函数反相的特点,在DI的两个输出端口分别得到微波带通滤波器和微波带阻滤波器,实现对微波信号的路由功能。
(2)提出了采用法布里-珀罗半导体光放大器(FP-SOA)对相位调制的光信号失谐滤波来得到微波光子滤波器。通过简单的调节FP-SOA的偏置电流改变FP-SOA的增益谱来改变FP-SOA的增益谱与光载波之间的频率关系,在0-40GHz的范围内分别得到Q值为184的单通带微波光子滤波器和形状因子为1.26的平通带、边沿陡峭的微波光子滤波器,并可实现微波滤波器通带中心频率可调。
(3)提出了利用级联的马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM)产生UWB脉冲。采用两个马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM)级联产生UWB monocycle脉冲,当两个调制器均工作在推挽状态时产生单波长无啁啾的：monocycle脉冲。同时对级联三个或四个MZM产生doublet或triplet脉冲进行了模拟验证。
(4)利用MZM和SOA的非线性效应产生UWB脉冲。提出将MZM和1个半导体光放大器(SOA)级联,利用SOA的增益饱和效应对光脉冲进行非均匀放大得到两个极性相反的monocycle脉冲,同时提出采用电的方法切换MZM的偏压点实现对产生的]monocycle脉冲的双相位调制并进行仿真验证；提出采用MZM和两个SOA级联,通过两次利用SOA的增益饱和效应产生一对极性相反的doublet脉冲；为简化系统,提出了将MZM和FP-SOA级联,利用FP-SOA中FP腔的反馈作用和SOA的增益饱和效应产生一对极性相反的UWB脉冲,并对产生的UWB脉冲在光纤和空气中的传输也进行了实验研究。
(5)利用频率上转换将厘米波段UWB脉冲经过频率上转换为毫米波段UWB脉冲。在实验中采用延时干涉仪(DI)对相位调制的光信号进行失谐滤波得到厘米波段monocycle脉冲,结合MZM的载波抑制调制将厘米波段monocycle脉冲进行频率上转换得到毫米波段monocycle脉冲。
(6)采用正交相移键控(QPSK)调制器产生相位编码的微波信号。通过调节QPSK调制器中包含的两个MZM的偏压,使这两个MZM分别实现载波抑制调制和双相相移键控(BPSK)编码,在QPSK调制器的输出端可以得到相位编码的微波信号,微波信号的相移为π。
As the increasing demand of wireless communication bandwidth, the wireless communications will be extended to high frequency microwave band. However, limited by the processing speed, it is hard for conventional electrical techniques to process high speed microwave signals. At the same time, as the increasing of the microwave frequency, the transmission loss of the microwave signal in the air is also increased, thus microwave signals cannot be transmitted in the air over a long distance. Photonics exhibites the nature advantage of broad bandwidth, therefore using photonic techniques to process high speed microwave signals can overcome the bottle neck existing in the electrical techniques. Meanwhile, as the optical fiber exhibits the character of low-loss transmission, thus using the optical fiber communication technique can transmit microwave signal over a long distance, such as radio over fiber (RoF) and ultra-wideband (UWB) over fiber. Besides, microwave signal processing with photonic approach has strong immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Thus, the technique of microwave photonics has important applications in military, civil communication, etc.
In the thesis, microwave photonic techniques are studied based on electrooptic modulators, optical filters and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The main study area includes microwave photonic filter, photonic generation and modulation of UWB, and photonic generation of phase-coded microwave signal. The contributions of the thesis are list as follows:
(1) Novel microwave photonic filters realized by using detuned optical bandpass filters to filt the phase modulated optical signal. It is proposed to achieve a microwave photonic filter based on an electrooptic phase modulator (EOPM) and two tunable optical bandpass filters (TOBFs). By controlling the detuning direction of the tunable optical bandpass filters (TOBFs), the microwave addition and the microwave subtraction in the optical domain are achieved respectively. Correspondingly, a microwave photonic filter switchable between bandpass filtering and bandstop filtering is achieved. An improved scheme based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is also proposed. Two channels of AWG are oppositely detuned from the phase modulated signal and a microwave bandstop filter with much flatter passband and higher frequency selectivity is achieved. It also proposed to achieve a microwave photonic filter realizing bandpass and bandstop filtering shape simultaneously. By using the opposite transfer functions at the two output ports of the delay interferometer (DI), a microwave bandpass and microwave bandstop filtering shapes are obtained at the two output ports of DI respectively. Thus, microwave routing can be realized.
(2) A microwave photonic filter by using a Fabry-Perot semiconductor optical amplifier (FP-SOA) to filt the phase modulated signal is proposed. By simply adjusting the bias current of FP-SOA to shift the gain spectrum of FP-SOA, a single-passband microwave photonic filter with a Q factor of184, and a flat-top microwave photonic filter with transition edges and a shape factor of1.26are obtained respectively. The tunability of the microwave photonic filter is also demonstrated.
(3) Photonic generation of UWB impulses by using cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) is proposed. Two Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) are cascaded to generate a pair of polarity-reversed UWB monocycle pulses. When the two MZMs are operating under the push-pull condition, the generated UWB impulses are chirp free. The generation of higher order UWB pulses by cascading more MZMs is also demonstrated by simulation.
(4) Photonic generation of UWB impulses by using the MZM and the SOA. By cascading an MZM and an SOA to exploit the gain saturation effect of SOA to ununiformly amplify the modulated optical pulse, a pair of polarity-reversed monocycle impulses is generated. To electrically alternate the bias of MZM to realize binary phase modulation of monocycle impulse is also proposed and simulated. It is also proposed to generate a pair of polarity-reversed doublet impulses by cascading an MZM and two SOAs to exploit the gain saturation effect twice. It is also proposed to generate UWB impulses by cascading an MZM and an FP-SOA. By exploiting the feedback of FP cavity and the gain saturation effect of SOA, a pair of polarity-reversed UWB impulses is generated. The UWB transmission in the optical fiber and the space is also experimentally studied.
(5) Millimeter wave band UWB impulses generation by using frequency up conversion of centimeter wave band UWB impulses. In the experiment, the DI is detuned from the phase modulated optical signal to achieve centimeter wave band UWB. By using carrier suppressed modulation in the MZM, the centimeter wave band UWB is frequency up converted and millimeter wave band UWB impulses are achieved.
(6) A quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulator is used to achieve phase-coded microwave signals. By adjusting the biases of the two MZMs included in the QPSK modulator seperately, carrier suppressed modulation and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation are achieved respectively. Correspondingly, a phase-coded microwave signal is obtained at the output of the QPSK modulator, and the phase shift is precise π.
本论文基于电光调制器、光学滤波器以及半导体光放大器(SOA)开展了微波光子技术方面的研究,主要的研究内容包括微波光子滤波器、光学产生及调制超宽带(UWB)信号以及光学产生相位编码的微波信号。本论文的贡献主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)利用光学带通滤波器对相位调制的光信号进行失谐滤波,得到功能新颖的微波光子滤波器。提出了基于相位调制和两个可调光学滤波器(TOBF)实现可切换的微波光子滤波器,通过控制TOBF对相位调制的光信号失谐方向,在光域内实现微波信号的相加或相减,得到在带通滤波和带阻滤波之间相互切换的微波光子滤波器；同时对方案进行改进,提出了采用阵列波导光栅(AWG)的两个信道对相位调制的两列光信号分别进行反向失谐滤波,得到通带更加平坦以及阻带频率选择性更强的微波光子带阻滤波器；提出了采用延时干涉仪(DI)结合TOBF同时得到微波带通与微波带阻滤波器,利用DI的两个输出端口的传递函数反相的特点,在DI的两个输出端口分别得到微波带通滤波器和微波带阻滤波器,实现对微波信号的路由功能。
(2)提出了采用法布里-珀罗半导体光放大器(FP-SOA)对相位调制的光信号失谐滤波来得到微波光子滤波器。通过简单的调节FP-SOA的偏置电流改变FP-SOA的增益谱来改变FP-SOA的增益谱与光载波之间的频率关系,在0-40GHz的范围内分别得到Q值为184的单通带微波光子滤波器和形状因子为1.26的平通带、边沿陡峭的微波光子滤波器,并可实现微波滤波器通带中心频率可调。
(3)提出了利用级联的马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM)产生UWB脉冲。采用两个马赫-曾德尔调制器(MZM)级联产生UWB monocycle脉冲,当两个调制器均工作在推挽状态时产生单波长无啁啾的：monocycle脉冲。同时对级联三个或四个MZM产生doublet或triplet脉冲进行了模拟验证。
(4)利用MZM和SOA的非线性效应产生UWB脉冲。提出将MZM和1个半导体光放大器(SOA)级联,利用SOA的增益饱和效应对光脉冲进行非均匀放大得到两个极性相反的monocycle脉冲,同时提出采用电的方法切换MZM的偏压点实现对产生的]monocycle脉冲的双相位调制并进行仿真验证；提出采用MZM和两个SOA级联,通过两次利用SOA的增益饱和效应产生一对极性相反的doublet脉冲；为简化系统,提出了将MZM和FP-SOA级联,利用FP-SOA中FP腔的反馈作用和SOA的增益饱和效应产生一对极性相反的UWB脉冲,并对产生的UWB脉冲在光纤和空气中的传输也进行了实验研究。
(5)利用频率上转换将厘米波段UWB脉冲经过频率上转换为毫米波段UWB脉冲。在实验中采用延时干涉仪(DI)对相位调制的光信号进行失谐滤波得到厘米波段monocycle脉冲,结合MZM的载波抑制调制将厘米波段monocycle脉冲进行频率上转换得到毫米波段monocycle脉冲。
(6)采用正交相移键控(QPSK)调制器产生相位编码的微波信号。通过调节QPSK调制器中包含的两个MZM的偏压,使这两个MZM分别实现载波抑制调制和双相相移键控(BPSK)编码,在QPSK调制器的输出端可以得到相位编码的微波信号,微波信号的相移为π。
As the increasing demand of wireless communication bandwidth, the wireless communications will be extended to high frequency microwave band. However, limited by the processing speed, it is hard for conventional electrical techniques to process high speed microwave signals. At the same time, as the increasing of the microwave frequency, the transmission loss of the microwave signal in the air is also increased, thus microwave signals cannot be transmitted in the air over a long distance. Photonics exhibites the nature advantage of broad bandwidth, therefore using photonic techniques to process high speed microwave signals can overcome the bottle neck existing in the electrical techniques. Meanwhile, as the optical fiber exhibits the character of low-loss transmission, thus using the optical fiber communication technique can transmit microwave signal over a long distance, such as radio over fiber (RoF) and ultra-wideband (UWB) over fiber. Besides, microwave signal processing with photonic approach has strong immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Thus, the technique of microwave photonics has important applications in military, civil communication, etc.
In the thesis, microwave photonic techniques are studied based on electrooptic modulators, optical filters and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The main study area includes microwave photonic filter, photonic generation and modulation of UWB, and photonic generation of phase-coded microwave signal. The contributions of the thesis are list as follows:
(1) Novel microwave photonic filters realized by using detuned optical bandpass filters to filt the phase modulated optical signal. It is proposed to achieve a microwave photonic filter based on an electrooptic phase modulator (EOPM) and two tunable optical bandpass filters (TOBFs). By controlling the detuning direction of the tunable optical bandpass filters (TOBFs), the microwave addition and the microwave subtraction in the optical domain are achieved respectively. Correspondingly, a microwave photonic filter switchable between bandpass filtering and bandstop filtering is achieved. An improved scheme based on arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is also proposed. Two channels of AWG are oppositely detuned from the phase modulated signal and a microwave bandstop filter with much flatter passband and higher frequency selectivity is achieved. It also proposed to achieve a microwave photonic filter realizing bandpass and bandstop filtering shape simultaneously. By using the opposite transfer functions at the two output ports of the delay interferometer (DI), a microwave bandpass and microwave bandstop filtering shapes are obtained at the two output ports of DI respectively. Thus, microwave routing can be realized.
(2) A microwave photonic filter by using a Fabry-Perot semiconductor optical amplifier (FP-SOA) to filt the phase modulated signal is proposed. By simply adjusting the bias current of FP-SOA to shift the gain spectrum of FP-SOA, a single-passband microwave photonic filter with a Q factor of184, and a flat-top microwave photonic filter with transition edges and a shape factor of1.26are obtained respectively. The tunability of the microwave photonic filter is also demonstrated.
(3) Photonic generation of UWB impulses by using cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) is proposed. Two Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) are cascaded to generate a pair of polarity-reversed UWB monocycle pulses. When the two MZMs are operating under the push-pull condition, the generated UWB impulses are chirp free. The generation of higher order UWB pulses by cascading more MZMs is also demonstrated by simulation.
(4) Photonic generation of UWB impulses by using the MZM and the SOA. By cascading an MZM and an SOA to exploit the gain saturation effect of SOA to ununiformly amplify the modulated optical pulse, a pair of polarity-reversed monocycle impulses is generated. To electrically alternate the bias of MZM to realize binary phase modulation of monocycle impulse is also proposed and simulated. It is also proposed to generate a pair of polarity-reversed doublet impulses by cascading an MZM and two SOAs to exploit the gain saturation effect twice. It is also proposed to generate UWB impulses by cascading an MZM and an FP-SOA. By exploiting the feedback of FP cavity and the gain saturation effect of SOA, a pair of polarity-reversed UWB impulses is generated. The UWB transmission in the optical fiber and the space is also experimentally studied.
(5) Millimeter wave band UWB impulses generation by using frequency up conversion of centimeter wave band UWB impulses. In the experiment, the DI is detuned from the phase modulated optical signal to achieve centimeter wave band UWB. By using carrier suppressed modulation in the MZM, the centimeter wave band UWB is frequency up converted and millimeter wave band UWB impulses are achieved.
(6) A quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulator is used to achieve phase-coded microwave signals. By adjusting the biases of the two MZMs included in the QPSK modulator seperately, carrier suppressed modulation and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation are achieved respectively. Correspondingly, a phase-coded microwave signal is obtained at the output of the QPSK modulator, and the phase shift is precise π.
引文
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