烯效唑对玉米的壮苗机理研究
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摘要
本文以川单13为材料，探讨不同浓度(0、10、20、40和80mg／kg)烯效唑浸种对玉米苗期(3叶期到7叶期)地上部和地下部的形态特征变化以及干物质积累和分配的影响，对幼苗不同器官内4种内源激素和激素间动态平衡的调节，对苗期根系活性、光合特性及碳水化合物积累与分配的影响，以及对苗期的抗逆效应，结果表明：
1 烯效唑浸种处理对叶片和叶鞘的伸长生长有明显的抑制作用，第7叶时抑制效应明显减弱，且抑制效应随浓度的增大而增强。但烯效唑处理的植株粗壮，比叶重、叶宽和茎基宽增加，根数增多，根长显著高于对照，根干重增加，根冠比和苗粗壮度提高，表现出壮苗的长相。对根系的促进作用10-40mg／kg范围内随浓度增大而增强，当浓度达到80mg／kg时，促进作用显著减弱。
2 烯效唑处理后玉米体内的内源激素水平发生改变，IAA和GA_3水平较对照显著下降，叶鞘中尤为明显；ZT水平则是地上部提高，地下部下降；ABA含量提高，80mg／kg处理提高最多；植株各器官(1AA+GA_3)／ABA比值均降低，IAA／GA_3比值均升高，IAA／ZT和GA_3／ZT比值则是地上部降低，根系内提高。其中GA_3、IAA含量下降是抑制地上部伸长生长的主要原因，地上部ZT增加和IAA／ZT、GA_3／ZT比值下降是促进地上部横向生长的主要原因，根系IAA／ZT和IAA／GA_3比值升高是促进根系生长的主要原因。
3 烯效唑处理后，苗期叶片的PEP羧化酶活性增强，叶绿素含量和叶绿素a／b比值增加，净光合速率提高，，不同器官(叶、叶鞘和根系)内碳水化合物含量均高于对照，且根系内增加最多。烯效唑处理后根系活力提高，浓度间以40mg／kg处理效果最好。
4 烯效唑处理提高了玉米苗期的抗旱性，在干旱条件下植株根冠比增加，叶片SOD活性提高，质膜相对透性和MDA含量相对减少，同时减缓了光合速率和叶绿素含量的下降过程。
5 烯效唑处理使得秃尖长降低，行粒数和穗粒数增加，千粒重提高，增产效果显著，增产幅度为7.4％～29.4％，40mg／kg处理的增产效果最佳，每公顷较对照
增加 1301kg，增产29．7％。
研究认为，烯效哩浸种是通过改变内源激素水平，改善光合同化能力、增强
根系吸收能力以及提高SOD活性而促进了壮苗的形成，并最终促进穗粒数、千粒
重等穗部性状的改善及产量的提高。
The effects of soaked seeds with different concentrations(0、10、20、40、80mg/kg)on plant of maize c.v. (chuandan13) were stuided. The results were showed as follows:
l.The elongation of leaf blades and leaf sheaths of the treated plants was inhibited at 3~7-leaf stage, the inhibiting effect of S-3307 diminished at seventh leaf stage, and the higher of the concentration, the stronger of the effect. At the same time, as compared to the control, the plant in S-3307-treatment showed an appearance of high quality plant with increased specific leaf weight, leaf width and stem thickness as well as root number and root length, the root dry weight.
2. S-3307 treatment decreased the levels of endogeneous IAA and GA3 in whole plant, the reduction of GA3 and IAA in leaf sheath were stronger than in leaf blade and shoot, and the reduction of GA3 was more than that of IAA. The reduction of GA3 and IAA was the major reason for the lower plant. The level of endogeneous ZT was increased in top and decreased in root markedly, which was benifit to plant growth. The level of endogeneous ABA had no significant difference in the treated plant, but the content of ABA for 80mg/kg treatment was significantly higher than that of control. While the blances of endogenous hormone was changed.
3. S-3307 treatment increased PEP carboxylase activity, enhanced chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio, and improved net photosynthetic rate in the leaves at 3~7-leaf stage. Meanwhile the contents of soluble carbohydrate and starch were increased in different organs of maize plant, the increasing in root was more than in shoot. S-3307 increased root activity.
4. S-3307 treatments increased root-top ratio and the superoxide dismutase activity, prevented electrolyte leakage and the enhancing of MDA content, reduced the injuries caused by the soil drought in chlorophyll, and inhibited the reducing of photosynthetic rate during water stress.
5. S-3307 treatments decreased bald tip length, increased obviously grain number per ear 1000-grain weight. So, S-3307 treatments increased yield significantly. Moreover 40mg/kg treatment was the best, the yield increased by 1301kg per hm2.
41
Therefore, it was suggested that the action of S-3307 on promoting strong plant was correlated with the changes of endogenous hormone, improvement of photosynthetic capacity, increasing of root activity and superoxide dismutase activity, which is the biological base for increasing grain yield.
1 烯效唑浸种处理对叶片和叶鞘的伸长生长有明显的抑制作用，第7叶时抑制效应明显减弱，且抑制效应随浓度的增大而增强。但烯效唑处理的植株粗壮，比叶重、叶宽和茎基宽增加，根数增多，根长显著高于对照，根干重增加，根冠比和苗粗壮度提高，表现出壮苗的长相。对根系的促进作用10-40mg／kg范围内随浓度增大而增强，当浓度达到80mg／kg时，促进作用显著减弱。
2 烯效唑处理后玉米体内的内源激素水平发生改变，IAA和GA_3水平较对照显著下降，叶鞘中尤为明显；ZT水平则是地上部提高，地下部下降；ABA含量提高，80mg／kg处理提高最多；植株各器官(1AA+GA_3)／ABA比值均降低，IAA／GA_3比值均升高，IAA／ZT和GA_3／ZT比值则是地上部降低，根系内提高。其中GA_3、IAA含量下降是抑制地上部伸长生长的主要原因，地上部ZT增加和IAA／ZT、GA_3／ZT比值下降是促进地上部横向生长的主要原因，根系IAA／ZT和IAA／GA_3比值升高是促进根系生长的主要原因。
3 烯效唑处理后，苗期叶片的PEP羧化酶活性增强，叶绿素含量和叶绿素a／b比值增加，净光合速率提高，，不同器官(叶、叶鞘和根系)内碳水化合物含量均高于对照，且根系内增加最多。烯效唑处理后根系活力提高，浓度间以40mg／kg处理效果最好。
4 烯效唑处理提高了玉米苗期的抗旱性，在干旱条件下植株根冠比增加，叶片SOD活性提高，质膜相对透性和MDA含量相对减少，同时减缓了光合速率和叶绿素含量的下降过程。
5 烯效唑处理使得秃尖长降低，行粒数和穗粒数增加，千粒重提高，增产效果显著，增产幅度为7.4％～29.4％，40mg／kg处理的增产效果最佳，每公顷较对照
增加 1301kg，增产29．7％。
研究认为，烯效哩浸种是通过改变内源激素水平，改善光合同化能力、增强
根系吸收能力以及提高SOD活性而促进了壮苗的形成，并最终促进穗粒数、千粒
重等穗部性状的改善及产量的提高。
The effects of soaked seeds with different concentrations(0、10、20、40、80mg/kg)on plant of maize c.v. (chuandan13) were stuided. The results were showed as follows:
l.The elongation of leaf blades and leaf sheaths of the treated plants was inhibited at 3~7-leaf stage, the inhibiting effect of S-3307 diminished at seventh leaf stage, and the higher of the concentration, the stronger of the effect. At the same time, as compared to the control, the plant in S-3307-treatment showed an appearance of high quality plant with increased specific leaf weight, leaf width and stem thickness as well as root number and root length, the root dry weight.
2. S-3307 treatment decreased the levels of endogeneous IAA and GA3 in whole plant, the reduction of GA3 and IAA in leaf sheath were stronger than in leaf blade and shoot, and the reduction of GA3 was more than that of IAA. The reduction of GA3 and IAA was the major reason for the lower plant. The level of endogeneous ZT was increased in top and decreased in root markedly, which was benifit to plant growth. The level of endogeneous ABA had no significant difference in the treated plant, but the content of ABA for 80mg/kg treatment was significantly higher than that of control. While the blances of endogenous hormone was changed.
3. S-3307 treatment increased PEP carboxylase activity, enhanced chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio, and improved net photosynthetic rate in the leaves at 3~7-leaf stage. Meanwhile the contents of soluble carbohydrate and starch were increased in different organs of maize plant, the increasing in root was more than in shoot. S-3307 increased root activity.
4. S-3307 treatments increased root-top ratio and the superoxide dismutase activity, prevented electrolyte leakage and the enhancing of MDA content, reduced the injuries caused by the soil drought in chlorophyll, and inhibited the reducing of photosynthetic rate during water stress.
5. S-3307 treatments decreased bald tip length, increased obviously grain number per ear 1000-grain weight. So, S-3307 treatments increased yield significantly. Moreover 40mg/kg treatment was the best, the yield increased by 1301kg per hm2.
41
Therefore, it was suggested that the action of S-3307 on promoting strong plant was correlated with the changes of endogenous hormone, improvement of photosynthetic capacity, increasing of root activity and superoxide dismutase activity, which is the biological base for increasing grain yield.
引文
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