太阳能锅炉中回路型热管传热特性的研究
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摘要
抛物槽集热器是利用光学聚焦原理,将分散的太阳光会聚起来,对高温介质进行加热,从而获得较高温度的蒸汽和热水的太阳能集热装置。主要应用于发电、制冷空调、采暖、纺织、造纸、印染、海水淡化等生产和生活领域,用途广泛。目前在一些发达国家已得到较好的应用,并且获得了较好的效果。
在太阳能中温应用领域中,有相当多的应用要求工质的温度达到100℃到200℃之间,由于非聚光集热器很难达到较高的温度,抛物面聚光器又需要复杂的跟踪系统,价格昂贵,因此复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)有着广泛的应用前景。
本研究从理论和实验两方面对抛物槽集热器进行了较详细的论述,理论方面包括集热系统聚光器的设计参数的选择、集热管(回路型热管)、跟踪系统的构造与选材、光学原理的详细论述,并对不同跟踪系统的辐射强度进行了计算;实验方面,对集热管(回路型热管)的集热温度进行了测量、太阳辐照度对集热管(回路型热管)温度的影响进行了分析。实验结果表明,随着太阳辐照度的增加,吸收管表面温度也随之增加。
作为槽式集热器的一个有益补充,本文还从理论上设计了一个接收半角θ_A=30°的复合抛物面集热器,并从理论上对CPC的传热性能进行了分析,提出了热管式真空管集热器总热损系数和集热效率的计算方法。计算实例表明,当集热器温度达到200℃时,CPC复合抛物面集热器的系统效率可以达到33%-37%,对于非跟踪集热系统来说,基本能够满足需要。
Parabolic trough collector(PTC) can concentrate the sunlight on the receiver to heat the working fluid in the receiver, so heat can be got from the working fluid. PTC is widely used in the field of electricity generation, air-condition, weaving, paper making, desalination, and so on.
In the application of medium temperature solar enegry, of which temperature being from 100℃to 200℃, it's difficult for the unconcentrating concentrators to reach the higher temperuatre, and the parbaolic trough collector requires a complex tracking system and it costs expensively, therefore, the compound parbaolic concentrator(CPC) has a bright prospect of application.
This paper discusess the PTC from the aspects of theory and experiment. The structure、material choosing of the concentrator、receiver and tracking system and the priciples of optics are all included in the theory. In the aspect of experiment, the temperature of receiver are measured, and the influence of the solar immediacy irradiance on the temperature is analysed. The results of the experiment concludes that, the temperature of the receiver increases as the solar immediacy irradiance enhances.
As a necessary application, this paper designs a compound parbaolicconcentrator(CPC), of which half-acceptance angleθ_A = 30°. According to the analysis of heat transfer performance on solar enegry collector, calculation methods were put forward which can determine the overall heat loss coefficient and collector efficiency of heat pipe evacuated tubular collector. The result of example indicates that, the efficiency of the compound parabolic collector can achieve as far as from 33% to 37%. As a non-tracking collector, that is satisfied.
在太阳能中温应用领域中,有相当多的应用要求工质的温度达到100℃到200℃之间,由于非聚光集热器很难达到较高的温度,抛物面聚光器又需要复杂的跟踪系统,价格昂贵,因此复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)有着广泛的应用前景。
本研究从理论和实验两方面对抛物槽集热器进行了较详细的论述,理论方面包括集热系统聚光器的设计参数的选择、集热管(回路型热管)、跟踪系统的构造与选材、光学原理的详细论述,并对不同跟踪系统的辐射强度进行了计算;实验方面,对集热管(回路型热管)的集热温度进行了测量、太阳辐照度对集热管(回路型热管)温度的影响进行了分析。实验结果表明,随着太阳辐照度的增加,吸收管表面温度也随之增加。
作为槽式集热器的一个有益补充,本文还从理论上设计了一个接收半角θ_A=30°的复合抛物面集热器,并从理论上对CPC的传热性能进行了分析,提出了热管式真空管集热器总热损系数和集热效率的计算方法。计算实例表明,当集热器温度达到200℃时,CPC复合抛物面集热器的系统效率可以达到33%-37%,对于非跟踪集热系统来说,基本能够满足需要。
Parabolic trough collector(PTC) can concentrate the sunlight on the receiver to heat the working fluid in the receiver, so heat can be got from the working fluid. PTC is widely used in the field of electricity generation, air-condition, weaving, paper making, desalination, and so on.
In the application of medium temperature solar enegry, of which temperature being from 100℃to 200℃, it's difficult for the unconcentrating concentrators to reach the higher temperuatre, and the parbaolic trough collector requires a complex tracking system and it costs expensively, therefore, the compound parbaolic concentrator(CPC) has a bright prospect of application.
This paper discusess the PTC from the aspects of theory and experiment. The structure、material choosing of the concentrator、receiver and tracking system and the priciples of optics are all included in the theory. In the aspect of experiment, the temperature of receiver are measured, and the influence of the solar immediacy irradiance on the temperature is analysed. The results of the experiment concludes that, the temperature of the receiver increases as the solar immediacy irradiance enhances.
As a necessary application, this paper designs a compound parbaolicconcentrator(CPC), of which half-acceptance angleθ_A = 30°. According to the analysis of heat transfer performance on solar enegry collector, calculation methods were put forward which can determine the overall heat loss coefficient and collector efficiency of heat pipe evacuated tubular collector. The result of example indicates that, the efficiency of the compound parabolic collector can achieve as far as from 33% to 37%. As a non-tracking collector, that is satisfied.
引文
[1]王仲颖,时璟丽,李俊峰.2004年中国可再生能源发展情况及展望[J].中国高技术产业发展年鉴,2005.
[2]缪仁杰,李淑兰.太阳能利用现状与发展前景[J].应用能源技术,2007年,第5期.
[3]张耀明,王军,张文进.塔式与槽式太阳能热发电[J].太阳能,2006年,第2期.
[4]王军,刘德有,张文进.碟式太阳能热发电[J].太阳能,2006年,第3期.
[5]陈维,李戬洪.抛物柱面聚焦的几种跟踪方式的光学性能分析[J].太阳能学报,2003年8月,第24卷第4期.
[6]王军,张耀明,张文进.热发电中的聚光集热器[J].太阳能,2007年第4期.
[7]张文进,孙利国,刘晓辉.太阳能热发电技术现状与前景[J].太阳能,2006年第4期.
[8]赵玉兰,张红,战栋栋,庄骏.CPC热管式真空管集热器开发及其传热分析[J].石油化工设备,2006年7月,第35卷第4期.
[9]Duffie JA,Beckman WA.Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes.New York:Wiley;1991.
[10]郭廷玮,刘鉴民,M.DaUgenct.太阳能利用.科学技术文献出版社,1987.
[11]方荣生,项立成,李亭寒等.太阳能应用技术.中国农业机械出版社,1985.
[12]安瑞红,殷志强,刘学臣.全玻璃真空管太阳集热器反射器材料及性能[J].太阳能,2001,(1):1-6.
[13]Rafael Almanza,Chen Jiefeng,Genaro Correa et al.Futher option for solar concentrators:Aluminum first surface mirrors[J].Solar Energy,1995,54(5):333-343.
[14]IvaHn MartmHnez,Rafael Almanza,Marcos Mazari,Genaro Correa.Parabolic trough reflector manufactured with aluminum first surface mirrors thermally sagged[J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells,2000,64:85-96.
[15]Kreith F,Kreider JF.Principles of solar engineering.New York:McGraw-Hill;1978.
[16]Ashrae Standard.Methods of testing to determine the thermal performance of solar collectors[J],ANSI/ASHRAE,1986,93-96.
[17]Romero M,Buck R,Pacheco JE.An update on solar central receiver systems projects and technologies[J].Solar Energy Engineering,2002;124(2):98-108.
[18]M.E.Rojas,M.C.de Andre,L.Gonzalez.Designing capillary systems to enhance heat transfer in LS3 parabolic trough collectors for direct steam generation(DSG)[J].Solar Energy,2008;53-60.
[19]Flores V.Behavior of a bimetallic receiver along transients in DSG,using parabolic trough concentrators,Ph.D.dissertation,Instituto de Ingenieria UNAM;2003.(In Spanish.).
[20]Vicente Flores,Rafael Almanza.Direct steam generation in parabolic trough concentrators with bimetallic receivers[J].Energy,2004,39:645-651.
[21]彭耀锋.回路型重力热管太阳能蒸汽发生系统的设计[M].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007.5
[22]方荣生,向立成,李亭寒,陈小霓.太阳能应用技术.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1985
[23]岑幻霞.太阳能热利用.清华大学出版社,1997.
[24]Kreith F,Kreider JF.Principles of solar engineering.New York:McGraw-Hill;1978.
[25]Duffle JA,Beckman WA.Solar engineering of thermal processes.New York:Wiley;1991.
[26]张鹤飞.太阳能热利用原理与计算机模拟[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1990.
[27]Rabl A.Comparison of solar concentrators[J].Solar Energy,1976,18(2):93-111.
[28]Rabl A.Active solar collectors and their applications[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1985.
[29]Meaburn A,Hughes FM.A simple predictive controller for use on large scale arrays of parabolic trough collectors[J].Solar Energy,1996,56(6):583-595.
[30]Hank Price,David Kearney.Parabolic trough technology roadmap:A pathway for sustained commercial development and deployment of parabolic trough technology[J],January 1999,20-21.
[31]郑飞,李安定.一种新型复合抛物面聚光器[J].太阳能学报,2002,425(5):663-665
[32]Rabl A,Goodman N B,Winston R.Practical design considerations for CPC solar collectors [J].Solar Energy,1979,22:373-381.
[33]Hsieh C K.Thermal analysis of CPC collector[J].Solar Energy,1981,27(19):19-29
[34]OommenR,Jayaraman.Development and Performance analysis of compound Parbaolic solar concentrators with reduced gap losses oversized reflector[J].Enegry Conversion and Management,2001,42:1379-1399
[35]尾花英朗,徐忠权.热交换器设计手册.北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[36]罗运俊,李元哲,赵承龙.太阳热水器原理、制造与施工[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[2]缪仁杰,李淑兰.太阳能利用现状与发展前景[J].应用能源技术,2007年,第5期.
[3]张耀明,王军,张文进.塔式与槽式太阳能热发电[J].太阳能,2006年,第2期.
[4]王军,刘德有,张文进.碟式太阳能热发电[J].太阳能,2006年,第3期.
[5]陈维,李戬洪.抛物柱面聚焦的几种跟踪方式的光学性能分析[J].太阳能学报,2003年8月,第24卷第4期.
[6]王军,张耀明,张文进.热发电中的聚光集热器[J].太阳能,2007年第4期.
[7]张文进,孙利国,刘晓辉.太阳能热发电技术现状与前景[J].太阳能,2006年第4期.
[8]赵玉兰,张红,战栋栋,庄骏.CPC热管式真空管集热器开发及其传热分析[J].石油化工设备,2006年7月,第35卷第4期.
[9]Duffie JA,Beckman WA.Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes.New York:Wiley;1991.
[10]郭廷玮,刘鉴民,M.DaUgenct.太阳能利用.科学技术文献出版社,1987.
[11]方荣生,项立成,李亭寒等.太阳能应用技术.中国农业机械出版社,1985.
[12]安瑞红,殷志强,刘学臣.全玻璃真空管太阳集热器反射器材料及性能[J].太阳能,2001,(1):1-6.
[13]Rafael Almanza,Chen Jiefeng,Genaro Correa et al.Futher option for solar concentrators:Aluminum first surface mirrors[J].Solar Energy,1995,54(5):333-343.
[14]IvaHn MartmHnez,Rafael Almanza,Marcos Mazari,Genaro Correa.Parabolic trough reflector manufactured with aluminum first surface mirrors thermally sagged[J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells,2000,64:85-96.
[15]Kreith F,Kreider JF.Principles of solar engineering.New York:McGraw-Hill;1978.
[16]Ashrae Standard.Methods of testing to determine the thermal performance of solar collectors[J],ANSI/ASHRAE,1986,93-96.
[17]Romero M,Buck R,Pacheco JE.An update on solar central receiver systems projects and technologies[J].Solar Energy Engineering,2002;124(2):98-108.
[18]M.E.Rojas,M.C.de Andre,L.Gonzalez.Designing capillary systems to enhance heat transfer in LS3 parabolic trough collectors for direct steam generation(DSG)[J].Solar Energy,2008;53-60.
[19]Flores V.Behavior of a bimetallic receiver along transients in DSG,using parabolic trough concentrators,Ph.D.dissertation,Instituto de Ingenieria UNAM;2003.(In Spanish.).
[20]Vicente Flores,Rafael Almanza.Direct steam generation in parabolic trough concentrators with bimetallic receivers[J].Energy,2004,39:645-651.
[21]彭耀锋.回路型重力热管太阳能蒸汽发生系统的设计[M].杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007.5
[22]方荣生,向立成,李亭寒,陈小霓.太阳能应用技术.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1985
[23]岑幻霞.太阳能热利用.清华大学出版社,1997.
[24]Kreith F,Kreider JF.Principles of solar engineering.New York:McGraw-Hill;1978.
[25]Duffle JA,Beckman WA.Solar engineering of thermal processes.New York:Wiley;1991.
[26]张鹤飞.太阳能热利用原理与计算机模拟[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1990.
[27]Rabl A.Comparison of solar concentrators[J].Solar Energy,1976,18(2):93-111.
[28]Rabl A.Active solar collectors and their applications[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1985.
[29]Meaburn A,Hughes FM.A simple predictive controller for use on large scale arrays of parabolic trough collectors[J].Solar Energy,1996,56(6):583-595.
[30]Hank Price,David Kearney.Parabolic trough technology roadmap:A pathway for sustained commercial development and deployment of parabolic trough technology[J],January 1999,20-21.
[31]郑飞,李安定.一种新型复合抛物面聚光器[J].太阳能学报,2002,425(5):663-665
[32]Rabl A,Goodman N B,Winston R.Practical design considerations for CPC solar collectors [J].Solar Energy,1979,22:373-381.
[33]Hsieh C K.Thermal analysis of CPC collector[J].Solar Energy,1981,27(19):19-29
[34]OommenR,Jayaraman.Development and Performance analysis of compound Parbaolic solar concentrators with reduced gap losses oversized reflector[J].Enegry Conversion and Management,2001,42:1379-1399
[35]尾花英朗,徐忠权.热交换器设计手册.北京:石油工业出版社,1981
[36]罗运俊,李元哲,赵承龙.太阳热水器原理、制造与施工[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
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