CPC热管式真空管太阳能集热器传热特性的研究
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摘要
全球性的环境恶化和能源危机已经越来越引起全人类的普遍重视。目前就全国而言,急需发展低成本、使用方便的可再生能源利用技术,以适应不同地区的需要。我国地域辽阔,是太阳能资源丰富的国家,应该大力推行太阳能在日常生活中的使用。在太阳能中温应用领域中,由于非聚光集热器很难达到较高的温度,抛物面聚光器又需要复杂的跟踪系统,价格昂贵,因此复合抛物面聚光器(CPC)有着广泛的应用前景。
本文研究的太阳能集热器的最大特点是集真空技术和热管技术于一体的CPC热管式真空管太阳能集热器。热管具有热二极管特性,热启动快,并且具有较强的传热能力和较高的等温性,这使得热管在太阳能热利用中有较强的实用性;而太阳能集热器用真空管作为接收器,可以大大减小接收器外表面的散热损失,可以显著提高集热器的集热效率。
在理论分析的基础上,对太阳能集热器的传热性能进行了分析,提出了有肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器、无肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器和有肋片的热管式真空管集热器总热损系数和集热效率的计算方法,并对三种集热器的集热效率进行了分析比较。为验证分析结果的可靠性,分别对三种集热器进行了试验研究。试验数据分析过程中,通过对集热器热性能进行分析讨论,得出在高温段无肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器热性能比无肋片的热管式真空管集热器性能优越的结论;通过对集热器瞬时效率分析比较可知,有肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器传热性能比无肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器的传热性能更优越;通过对有肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器的瞬时集热效率理论值与试验值进行对比分析,表明理论值与试验值吻合较好。
在CPC热管式真空管太阳能集热器台架试验的基础上,分析了热管的热启动性能和热管的等温性能,并对在小倾角范围内热管式真空管太阳能集热器的传热性能进行了分析,给出了CPC热管式真空管集热器传热性能的最佳倾角。为进一步研究奠定了基础。
The global environmental deterioration and energy crisis have been paid more and more attention. Currently, as far as our country is concerned, the low-cost convenient new technology for the renewable energy is needed urgently to meet the demands of various areas. Our country covers a very wide field and owns abundant in solar energy. Thus, solar energy should be largely developed and applied in our daily life. In the application of medium temperature solar energy, it's difficult for the unconcentrating concentrors to reach the higher temperature, and the parabolic trough collector requires a complex tracking system and it costs expensively, therefore, the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) has a bright prospect of application.
The distinguishing feature of CPC heat pipe evacuated tubular collector (CHE) is to combined the vacuum glass technology and heat pipe technology together. Heat pipes possess heat diode characteristics, short heat-up time, excellent heat transfer ability and high isothermal characteristics.The receiver with a vacuum tube can greatly reduce the heat loss caused by surface convection, and hence the heat transfer efficiency can be improved effectively.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, according to the analysis of heat transfer performance on solar energy collector, calculation methods were put forward which can determine the overall heat loss coefficient and collector efficiency of finned CHE, unfinned CHE and heat pipe evacuated tubular collector (HE) were put forward. The comparison among thermal efficiency of three kinds of collectors was made. The reliability of the method was verified by testing of the three kinds of collectors. According to the analysis of heat transfer performance on unfinned CHE and HE, it showed that the heat transfer performance of unfinned CHE was the best under high temperature; Comparing the instantaneous thermal efficiency between unfinned CHE and finned CHE, it was found that the heat transfer performance of finned CHE has more superiority; The results of calculation on the heat transfer performance of finned CHE is good agreement with the experimental results.
Based on the setup of CHE test platform, both of the heat-up and isothermal
本文研究的太阳能集热器的最大特点是集真空技术和热管技术于一体的CPC热管式真空管太阳能集热器。热管具有热二极管特性,热启动快,并且具有较强的传热能力和较高的等温性,这使得热管在太阳能热利用中有较强的实用性;而太阳能集热器用真空管作为接收器,可以大大减小接收器外表面的散热损失,可以显著提高集热器的集热效率。
在理论分析的基础上,对太阳能集热器的传热性能进行了分析,提出了有肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器、无肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器和有肋片的热管式真空管集热器总热损系数和集热效率的计算方法,并对三种集热器的集热效率进行了分析比较。为验证分析结果的可靠性,分别对三种集热器进行了试验研究。试验数据分析过程中,通过对集热器热性能进行分析讨论,得出在高温段无肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器热性能比无肋片的热管式真空管集热器性能优越的结论;通过对集热器瞬时效率分析比较可知,有肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器传热性能比无肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器的传热性能更优越;通过对有肋片的CPC热管式真空管集热器的瞬时集热效率理论值与试验值进行对比分析,表明理论值与试验值吻合较好。
在CPC热管式真空管太阳能集热器台架试验的基础上,分析了热管的热启动性能和热管的等温性能,并对在小倾角范围内热管式真空管太阳能集热器的传热性能进行了分析,给出了CPC热管式真空管集热器传热性能的最佳倾角。为进一步研究奠定了基础。
The global environmental deterioration and energy crisis have been paid more and more attention. Currently, as far as our country is concerned, the low-cost convenient new technology for the renewable energy is needed urgently to meet the demands of various areas. Our country covers a very wide field and owns abundant in solar energy. Thus, solar energy should be largely developed and applied in our daily life. In the application of medium temperature solar energy, it's difficult for the unconcentrating concentrors to reach the higher temperature, and the parabolic trough collector requires a complex tracking system and it costs expensively, therefore, the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) has a bright prospect of application.
The distinguishing feature of CPC heat pipe evacuated tubular collector (CHE) is to combined the vacuum glass technology and heat pipe technology together. Heat pipes possess heat diode characteristics, short heat-up time, excellent heat transfer ability and high isothermal characteristics.The receiver with a vacuum tube can greatly reduce the heat loss caused by surface convection, and hence the heat transfer efficiency can be improved effectively.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, according to the analysis of heat transfer performance on solar energy collector, calculation methods were put forward which can determine the overall heat loss coefficient and collector efficiency of finned CHE, unfinned CHE and heat pipe evacuated tubular collector (HE) were put forward. The comparison among thermal efficiency of three kinds of collectors was made. The reliability of the method was verified by testing of the three kinds of collectors. According to the analysis of heat transfer performance on unfinned CHE and HE, it showed that the heat transfer performance of unfinned CHE was the best under high temperature; Comparing the instantaneous thermal efficiency between unfinned CHE and finned CHE, it was found that the heat transfer performance of finned CHE has more superiority; The results of calculation on the heat transfer performance of finned CHE is good agreement with the experimental results.
Based on the setup of CHE test platform, both of the heat-up and isothermal
引文
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