袋式除尘器含尘气体流动能耗的数值模拟分析与试验研究
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摘要
环保要求的提高和大气污染问题的日益突显,提高了对除尘技术的要求。大量燃煤机组静电除尘器面临即将改造为袋式除尘器,而改造项目中风机特性和系统可靠性对袋式除尘器的能耗提出了较高的要求。同时实际工程中存在部分袋式除尘器的运行能耗高或滤袋使用寿命短的问题,进而制约了袋式除尘器的迅速推广。袋式除尘器的除尘机理为滤料对颗粒物的过滤捕集,滤料作为核心构件对除尘器的影响体现在过滤阻力和失效性两个方面。过滤阻力相关研究集中在滤料捕集颗粒物后的阻力特性变化,而对运行能耗高的解释仍需完善,形成的机理仍需更加深入的分析。本课题以袋式除尘器内“气流流动—颗粒物运动—能耗”三者间的相互作用为研究对象,从含尘气体流动的角度分析了高能耗形成的原因,建立了相应评价方法并用于对结构设计和工程案例的应用。主要的研究工作如下：
(1)建立了袋式除尘器能耗基本模型,分析了高能耗形成原因。通过对含尘气体流动过程中颗粒物运动的分析表明,袋式除尘器中过滤浓度升高是含尘气体流动影响能耗的主要方式,是高能耗形成的主要原因。
(2)建立了袋式除尘器气体流动的数值计算模型。通过对袋式除尘器内气流流动状态的分析,得到其内部同时存在三种状态气流流动区域,并以此为依据对比分析了试验测试结果与模拟计算结果,确定了模拟方法的合理边界层设置、简化方式及计算模型选择等,使模拟方法满足工程应用的要求。
(3)分析了气流组织对袋式除尘器能耗的影响,建立了相应的评价方法。通过对袋式除尘器结构运行参数的因子分析及交互作用分析,确定了袋式除尘器直接能耗的评价指标为除尘器计算阻力、返混流量比和滤料结构特性,间接能耗的评价指标为滤袋冲刷和滤料处理负荷。
(4)分析了滤料对袋式除尘器能耗影响,建立了相应的评价方法。通过对12种滤料过滤阻力试验结果的拟合分析,从能耗角度建立了滤料选择的评价方法,并简单分析了滤料结构特性对能耗的影响。
(5)应用评价方法分析了设备结构参数对能耗的影响。通过对袋式除尘器结构参数的因子分析,得到了影响袋式除尘器能耗的显著性因子及其影响规律。
(6)应用评价方法实现了对工程改造项目方案预测分析。通过工程改造项目4种方案的评价指标对比,得到了各设计方案中存在的问题及相互间的差异,该结果符合工程改造后的运行状况。
With government's requirement to environmental protection getting stricter and air pollution problem is becaming more and more highlighted, which improve the technical requirement for dedusting. A number of electrostatic dust collectors for coal-fired unitsare are confronted with transforming into bag filter. In addition, fan performance and system reliability improve the technical requirement for bag filter. High operation energy consumption and working life are the main problems which limit promotion of bag filter. The mechanism of bag filter is removal particls by filtration trap with filter materials which is kernel component and effect on filtration resistance and failure. The research of filtration resistance focuses on resistance changing after trapping particles by filter materials, but there is barely researches on operation energy consumption. The formation mechanism of operation energy consumption should be analyzed further more. In this project, we analyzed forming reason from perspective of airflow containing dust and built evaluation methodology which has been applied to structure design and project cases base on the relations with airflow-particles removing-energy consumption. The main works have been done as follows:
(1) Established energy loss model of bag filter and analyzed the causes of high-energy loss. The investigation by analysis of movement for particles containing in air-flow found that the increasing concentration of particles in filter bag is major cause of formation of high-energy loss and is main way of effect on energy loss.
(2) Build mathematical model of gas flow of bag filter. It can be divided into3areas by analysis of air-flow states in bag filter. We confirmed mathematical model, reasonable boundary layer and simplifications of simulation method by comparative analysis of experimental and simulation result to meet demands of industry.
(3) Established evaluation methodology of energy loss by analysis of effect of air distribution on energy loss of bag filter. We determined the evaluation index of direct energy loss of bag filter including calculated resistance, ratio of backmixing and characteristics of filter material structure. The evaluation index of indirect energy loss of bag filter are erosion and treatment load of filter bag.
(4) Established evaluation methodology of energy loss by analysis of effect of filter materials on energy loss of bag filter. Build evaluation methodology of filter materials chosen by fitting analysis of experimental results of12filter materials resistance from the point of energy loss. Meanwhile, we analyze of effect of filter material structure on energy loss.
(5) Applied evaluation methodology to analyze effect of Structural parameters of equipment on energy loss. Significant factors and influencing rule which effect on energy loss of bag filter were obtained by factor analysis of Structural parameters of equipment.
(6) Applied evaluation methodology to predictive analysis of engineering reform projects. We found the problems and differences among the projects by comparing of evaluation index of4reform projects. Finally, we demonstrate the forecasted results of evaluation methodology corresponded to running station of reform projects.
(1)建立了袋式除尘器能耗基本模型,分析了高能耗形成原因。通过对含尘气体流动过程中颗粒物运动的分析表明,袋式除尘器中过滤浓度升高是含尘气体流动影响能耗的主要方式,是高能耗形成的主要原因。
(2)建立了袋式除尘器气体流动的数值计算模型。通过对袋式除尘器内气流流动状态的分析,得到其内部同时存在三种状态气流流动区域,并以此为依据对比分析了试验测试结果与模拟计算结果,确定了模拟方法的合理边界层设置、简化方式及计算模型选择等,使模拟方法满足工程应用的要求。
(3)分析了气流组织对袋式除尘器能耗的影响,建立了相应的评价方法。通过对袋式除尘器结构运行参数的因子分析及交互作用分析,确定了袋式除尘器直接能耗的评价指标为除尘器计算阻力、返混流量比和滤料结构特性,间接能耗的评价指标为滤袋冲刷和滤料处理负荷。
(4)分析了滤料对袋式除尘器能耗影响,建立了相应的评价方法。通过对12种滤料过滤阻力试验结果的拟合分析,从能耗角度建立了滤料选择的评价方法,并简单分析了滤料结构特性对能耗的影响。
(5)应用评价方法分析了设备结构参数对能耗的影响。通过对袋式除尘器结构参数的因子分析,得到了影响袋式除尘器能耗的显著性因子及其影响规律。
(6)应用评价方法实现了对工程改造项目方案预测分析。通过工程改造项目4种方案的评价指标对比,得到了各设计方案中存在的问题及相互间的差异,该结果符合工程改造后的运行状况。
With government's requirement to environmental protection getting stricter and air pollution problem is becaming more and more highlighted, which improve the technical requirement for dedusting. A number of electrostatic dust collectors for coal-fired unitsare are confronted with transforming into bag filter. In addition, fan performance and system reliability improve the technical requirement for bag filter. High operation energy consumption and working life are the main problems which limit promotion of bag filter. The mechanism of bag filter is removal particls by filtration trap with filter materials which is kernel component and effect on filtration resistance and failure. The research of filtration resistance focuses on resistance changing after trapping particles by filter materials, but there is barely researches on operation energy consumption. The formation mechanism of operation energy consumption should be analyzed further more. In this project, we analyzed forming reason from perspective of airflow containing dust and built evaluation methodology which has been applied to structure design and project cases base on the relations with airflow-particles removing-energy consumption. The main works have been done as follows:
(1) Established energy loss model of bag filter and analyzed the causes of high-energy loss. The investigation by analysis of movement for particles containing in air-flow found that the increasing concentration of particles in filter bag is major cause of formation of high-energy loss and is main way of effect on energy loss.
(2) Build mathematical model of gas flow of bag filter. It can be divided into3areas by analysis of air-flow states in bag filter. We confirmed mathematical model, reasonable boundary layer and simplifications of simulation method by comparative analysis of experimental and simulation result to meet demands of industry.
(3) Established evaluation methodology of energy loss by analysis of effect of air distribution on energy loss of bag filter. We determined the evaluation index of direct energy loss of bag filter including calculated resistance, ratio of backmixing and characteristics of filter material structure. The evaluation index of indirect energy loss of bag filter are erosion and treatment load of filter bag.
(4) Established evaluation methodology of energy loss by analysis of effect of filter materials on energy loss of bag filter. Build evaluation methodology of filter materials chosen by fitting analysis of experimental results of12filter materials resistance from the point of energy loss. Meanwhile, we analyze of effect of filter material structure on energy loss.
(5) Applied evaluation methodology to analyze effect of Structural parameters of equipment on energy loss. Significant factors and influencing rule which effect on energy loss of bag filter were obtained by factor analysis of Structural parameters of equipment.
(6) Applied evaluation methodology to predictive analysis of engineering reform projects. We found the problems and differences among the projects by comparing of evaluation index of4reform projects. Finally, we demonstrate the forecasted results of evaluation methodology corresponded to running station of reform projects.
引文
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