矿山尾矿干压免烧砖的试验研究
摘要
我国矿山尾矿的排放量及积存量巨大。这些矿山尾矿不仅破坏耕地,污染环境,还给企业带来了沉重的经济负担。为解决矿山尾矿的资源再利用问题,实现矿山企业的可持续发展,本文进行了干压成型铜、铁尾矿免烧砖的试验研究。依据建筑用砖的技术性质要求,首先对尾矿的理化性质进行了分析,然后采用单因素试验方法研究了尾矿制各干压免烧砖的工艺参数及其主要影响因素,之后对所制备的铜、铁尾矿干压免烧砖的其它性能指标进行测试,并对铜、铁尾矿干压免烧砖进行了经济分析。
试验研究表明:铜、铁尾矿的理化性质符合制砖要求,该项目是可行的。通过单因素试验方法优化后的铁尾矿免烧砖配方为:固体干料中铁尾矿与河砂最佳比为1.25:1.00,水料比为10%,成型压力为15MPa,合适的粉煤灰掺量占复合胶结材料总重的20%,建筑石膏掺量为复合胶结材料总重的5%,熟石灰掺量为复合胶结材料总重的3%,萘系高效减水剂和葡萄糖酸钠掺量分别为胶结材料总重的0.8%和0.03%,在复合胶结材料掺量占固体干料总重的12%和20%H寸分别制备出MU15级铁尾矿免烧标准砖和多孔砖;铜尾矿免烧砖配方为:固体干料中铁尾矿与河砂最佳比为1.5:1.0,水料比为9%,成型压力为15MPa,合适的粉煤灰掺量占复合胶结材料总重的10%,建筑石膏掺量为复合胶结材料总重的5%,熟石灰掺量为复合胶结材料总重的3%,萘系高效减水剂和葡萄糖酸钠掺量分别为胶结材料总重的0.8%和0.03%,在复合胶结材料掺量占固体干料总重的12%和20%时分别制备出MU15级铜尾矿免烧标准砖和多孔砖。性能测试结果表明:免烧砖的各项性能指标符合JC/T 422—2007《非烧结垃圾尾矿砖》标准要求。
利用矿山尾矿制备免烧砖,投资少,回收期短,具有较强的抗风险能力,同时可大量资源化利用矿山尾矿,节省能耗和土地。这不仅有利于治理环境污染,又适应了墙体材料改革发展的需要,有利于社会的文明、发展与进步,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
The stockpile and discharge amount of mine tailings in our country are enormous. These tailings not only occupy farmland and pollute environment, but also bring about the heavy economic burden for enterprises. In order to recycle the tailings and keep the sustainable development of mine enterprises, the experimental researches into the iron and copper tailings being used to produce non-fired brick by dry pressing were carried out in this paper. According to the requirement of the technological property of building bricks, the physical and chemical properties of tailings were studied firstly. Then, the researches into the processing parameter and the main influencing factor for preparing the non-fired brick were made by applying the single factor experiment. Last, the performance indexes of the non-fired brick were tested and economic analysis on the non-fired brick was made.
The experimental results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of the copper and iron tailings are in conformity with the requirements of preparing bricks, and the project is feasible. Through the single factor experimental researches, the optimum formula for making non-fired brick from iron tailing was made, i.e., 1.25:1.00 of a mass ratio of iron tailings to river sand , 10% of the rate of mixing water to total dry solids, 15MPa of forming pressure, 20% of fly ash accounting for total cementitious material, 5% of building gypsum accounting for the total g cementitious material, 3% of lime accounting for total cementitious material, 0.8% and 0.03% of naphthalene-based super-plasticizer and sodium gluconate accounting for total cementitious material respectively; MU15 unfired iron tailing standard bricks and perforated bricks were made respectively through total cementitious materials accounting for 12% and 20% of the total dry solids. The optimum formula for making non-fired brick from copper tailing was made, i.e., 1.5:1.0 of a mass ratio of iron tailings to river sand, 9% of the rate of mixing water to total dry solids, 15MPa of forming pressure, 10% of fly ash accounting for total cementitious material, 5% of building gypsum accounting for the total cementitious material, 3% of lime accounting for total cementitious material, 0.8% and 0.03% of naphthalene-based super-plasticizer and sodium gluconate accounting for total cementitious material respectively; MU15 unfired copper tailing standard bricks and perforated bricks were made respectively through total cementitious materials accounting for 12% and 20% of the total dry solids. The experiment results indicate that all performance indexes are in conformity with the requirements in JC/T422-2007 standard "Non-fired rubbish gangue brick".
Mine tailings are used to produce non-fired brick, whose investment is few, payback period short, and ability of risk resistance strong. At the same time, it could largely utilize mine tailing resource and save energy consumption and farmland. This not only would be helpful to harness the environment pollution, but also meets the requirements of the wall material reformation, helpful to the progress of social civilization as well as social development, and has good economic benefit and social benefit.
试验研究表明:铜、铁尾矿的理化性质符合制砖要求,该项目是可行的。通过单因素试验方法优化后的铁尾矿免烧砖配方为:固体干料中铁尾矿与河砂最佳比为1.25:1.00,水料比为10%,成型压力为15MPa,合适的粉煤灰掺量占复合胶结材料总重的20%,建筑石膏掺量为复合胶结材料总重的5%,熟石灰掺量为复合胶结材料总重的3%,萘系高效减水剂和葡萄糖酸钠掺量分别为胶结材料总重的0.8%和0.03%,在复合胶结材料掺量占固体干料总重的12%和20%H寸分别制备出MU15级铁尾矿免烧标准砖和多孔砖;铜尾矿免烧砖配方为:固体干料中铁尾矿与河砂最佳比为1.5:1.0,水料比为9%,成型压力为15MPa,合适的粉煤灰掺量占复合胶结材料总重的10%,建筑石膏掺量为复合胶结材料总重的5%,熟石灰掺量为复合胶结材料总重的3%,萘系高效减水剂和葡萄糖酸钠掺量分别为胶结材料总重的0.8%和0.03%,在复合胶结材料掺量占固体干料总重的12%和20%时分别制备出MU15级铜尾矿免烧标准砖和多孔砖。性能测试结果表明:免烧砖的各项性能指标符合JC/T 422—2007《非烧结垃圾尾矿砖》标准要求。
利用矿山尾矿制备免烧砖,投资少,回收期短,具有较强的抗风险能力,同时可大量资源化利用矿山尾矿,节省能耗和土地。这不仅有利于治理环境污染,又适应了墙体材料改革发展的需要,有利于社会的文明、发展与进步,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
The stockpile and discharge amount of mine tailings in our country are enormous. These tailings not only occupy farmland and pollute environment, but also bring about the heavy economic burden for enterprises. In order to recycle the tailings and keep the sustainable development of mine enterprises, the experimental researches into the iron and copper tailings being used to produce non-fired brick by dry pressing were carried out in this paper. According to the requirement of the technological property of building bricks, the physical and chemical properties of tailings were studied firstly. Then, the researches into the processing parameter and the main influencing factor for preparing the non-fired brick were made by applying the single factor experiment. Last, the performance indexes of the non-fired brick were tested and economic analysis on the non-fired brick was made.
The experimental results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of the copper and iron tailings are in conformity with the requirements of preparing bricks, and the project is feasible. Through the single factor experimental researches, the optimum formula for making non-fired brick from iron tailing was made, i.e., 1.25:1.00 of a mass ratio of iron tailings to river sand , 10% of the rate of mixing water to total dry solids, 15MPa of forming pressure, 20% of fly ash accounting for total cementitious material, 5% of building gypsum accounting for the total g cementitious material, 3% of lime accounting for total cementitious material, 0.8% and 0.03% of naphthalene-based super-plasticizer and sodium gluconate accounting for total cementitious material respectively; MU15 unfired iron tailing standard bricks and perforated bricks were made respectively through total cementitious materials accounting for 12% and 20% of the total dry solids. The optimum formula for making non-fired brick from copper tailing was made, i.e., 1.5:1.0 of a mass ratio of iron tailings to river sand, 9% of the rate of mixing water to total dry solids, 15MPa of forming pressure, 10% of fly ash accounting for total cementitious material, 5% of building gypsum accounting for the total cementitious material, 3% of lime accounting for total cementitious material, 0.8% and 0.03% of naphthalene-based super-plasticizer and sodium gluconate accounting for total cementitious material respectively; MU15 unfired copper tailing standard bricks and perforated bricks were made respectively through total cementitious materials accounting for 12% and 20% of the total dry solids. The experiment results indicate that all performance indexes are in conformity with the requirements in JC/T422-2007 standard "Non-fired rubbish gangue brick".
Mine tailings are used to produce non-fired brick, whose investment is few, payback period short, and ability of risk resistance strong. At the same time, it could largely utilize mine tailing resource and save energy consumption and farmland. This not only would be helpful to harness the environment pollution, but also meets the requirements of the wall material reformation, helpful to the progress of social civilization as well as social development, and has good economic benefit and social benefit.
引文
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[14]程琳琳,朱申红.国内外尾矿综合利用浅析[J].中国资源综合利用,2005(11):30-32.
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[18]卢颖,孙胜义.我国矿山尾矿生产现状及综合治理利用[J].矿业工程,2007(2):53-55.
[19]蒋冬青.尾矿在建材中的应用[J].金属矿山,2000(增刊):3102312.
[20]章庆和.蒸养尾矿砖的研制及机理分析[J].矿产保护与利用,1995(5):45-47.
[21]张先禹.利用铜尾矿烧制墙地砖的研究[J].陶瓷,1995(3):25-26.
[22]杨萍,王建荣.利用金矿尾砂生产陶瓷墙地砖的研究[J].陶瓷,1996(1):39-43.
[23]倪文.利用山东焦家金矿尾矿制作玻化砖的研究[J].地质论评,1998(1):71-76.
[24]陈宇峰.铜尾矿生产蒸压灰砂砖的研究[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2005:1-70.
[25]姚树刚.三免尾矿砖研制报告[J].硅酸盐建筑制品,1993(4):35-36.
[26]郭春丽.利用铁尾矿制造建筑用砖[J].砖瓦,2006(2):42-44.
[27]贾清梅.利用唐山地区铁尾矿制作尾矿砖的研究[D].河北理工学院硕士学位论文,2004.
[28]原文柞.招远市黄金尾矿库生态工程技术研究与实践[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2008(01):22-25.
[29]曹晨明,师文林.发展煤矸石制砖调整产业结构[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[30]崔琪,姚燕.新型墙体材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[31]I.E.Camphell,E.M Sherwood.Eds:High-Temperature Minerials and Technology.New York wiley,1976:23-24.
[32]蒲含勇,张应红.论我国矿产资源的综合利用[J].矿产综合利用,2001(4):19-22.
[33]刘凤春,刘家弟.铁矿尾矿双免砖的研制[J].矿业快报,2007(03):33-35.
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