稠油油藏开发后期化学法提高采收率技术研究
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摘要
稠油油藏注水开发后期,由于水油流度比太大,注入流体的波及系数很低,注水开发后期地下仍然存有大量的残余油,如何经济有效地开发这部分原油,对缓解我国能源紧缺的局面具有非常重要的意义。
本文在研究稠油开发后期各种提高采收率方法优缺点的基础上,提出了乳化降粘提高洗油效率、非均质地层油乳化稠油堵水的化学法开采稠油的新思路。在研究稠油组分、碱与稠油酸性组分生成活性剂的基础上,研究了不同类型的碱对草桥稠油的乳化增粘效果,研究了碱与不同类型活性剂的协同作用对草桥稠油的乳化增粘效果,优选出了增粘效果好的碱及活性剂的种类及优化配方;研究了对草桥稠油的乳化降粘效果好的碱的种类,研究了碱与不同类型的活性剂的协同作用对草桥稠油的降粘效果,优选出了降粘效果好的碱及活性剂的种类及优化配方。研究了水包油及油包水乳状液的破乳机理。
研究结果表明:草桥稠油含有很高的酸值,与Na2CO3有很好的协同效应,在外加表面活性剂的情况下形成了稳定的油包水乳状液,并得到最优配方;同样NaOH与表面活性剂复配可以形成很稳定的水包油乳状液,有很好的降粘效果;另外得到了原油乳状液的破乳方法,形成了得出一套适用于稠油油藏开发后期的化学方法,对稠油油藏的后期开发有深远的意义。
At the late stage of heavy oilfield development, there is still abundant remaining oil because of the low sweep efficiency induced by the high water-oil mobility ratio. How to develop remaining oil is very important for our country to solve the problem of lacking of fossil energy.
This paper studies a new method of increasing oil recovery by Emulsification Viscosity Depression and water block off by emulsification viscosity.Based on the study of composition of heavy oil and how alcali react with acidic composition of heavy oil to produce active agent, this article studies the emulsification viscosity increasing effect of different alkali and synergetic effect of alkali and active agents to Cao-qiao heavy oil, and selects the best composing of alcali and active agent; Furthermore, this article studies the emulsification viscosity breaking effect of different alcali and synergetic effect of alkali and active agents to Cao-qiao heavy oil and selects the best composing of alcali and active agent. Besides, the emulsion breaking mechanism of oil-in-water emulsion and water-in-oil emulsion is studied in this paper.
Results of study indicate: Cao-qiao heavy oil has high acid value, and has good synergistic effect with Na2CO3. With active agent injected, water-in-oil emulsion is formed and the best prescription is obtained. At the same time, with NaOH and active agent combination, oil-in-water emulsion is formed and the emulsion has good effect of viscosity breaking. Besides, a emulsion breaking method is formed systemically for late stage of heavy oil exploration, which is of great importance to enhance the heavy oil recovery.
本文在研究稠油开发后期各种提高采收率方法优缺点的基础上,提出了乳化降粘提高洗油效率、非均质地层油乳化稠油堵水的化学法开采稠油的新思路。在研究稠油组分、碱与稠油酸性组分生成活性剂的基础上,研究了不同类型的碱对草桥稠油的乳化增粘效果,研究了碱与不同类型活性剂的协同作用对草桥稠油的乳化增粘效果,优选出了增粘效果好的碱及活性剂的种类及优化配方;研究了对草桥稠油的乳化降粘效果好的碱的种类,研究了碱与不同类型的活性剂的协同作用对草桥稠油的降粘效果,优选出了降粘效果好的碱及活性剂的种类及优化配方。研究了水包油及油包水乳状液的破乳机理。
研究结果表明:草桥稠油含有很高的酸值,与Na2CO3有很好的协同效应,在外加表面活性剂的情况下形成了稳定的油包水乳状液,并得到最优配方;同样NaOH与表面活性剂复配可以形成很稳定的水包油乳状液,有很好的降粘效果;另外得到了原油乳状液的破乳方法,形成了得出一套适用于稠油油藏开发后期的化学方法,对稠油油藏的后期开发有深远的意义。
At the late stage of heavy oilfield development, there is still abundant remaining oil because of the low sweep efficiency induced by the high water-oil mobility ratio. How to develop remaining oil is very important for our country to solve the problem of lacking of fossil energy.
This paper studies a new method of increasing oil recovery by Emulsification Viscosity Depression and water block off by emulsification viscosity.Based on the study of composition of heavy oil and how alcali react with acidic composition of heavy oil to produce active agent, this article studies the emulsification viscosity increasing effect of different alkali and synergetic effect of alkali and active agents to Cao-qiao heavy oil, and selects the best composing of alcali and active agent; Furthermore, this article studies the emulsification viscosity breaking effect of different alcali and synergetic effect of alkali and active agents to Cao-qiao heavy oil and selects the best composing of alcali and active agent. Besides, the emulsion breaking mechanism of oil-in-water emulsion and water-in-oil emulsion is studied in this paper.
Results of study indicate: Cao-qiao heavy oil has high acid value, and has good synergistic effect with Na2CO3. With active agent injected, water-in-oil emulsion is formed and the best prescription is obtained. At the same time, with NaOH and active agent combination, oil-in-water emulsion is formed and the emulsion has good effect of viscosity breaking. Besides, a emulsion breaking method is formed systemically for late stage of heavy oil exploration, which is of great importance to enhance the heavy oil recovery.
引文
[1]阳鑫军.稠油开采技术[J].海洋石油,2003.6,第23卷第2期: 55-60
[2]于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J].特种油气藏,2001.6,第8卷第2期: 70-75
[3]顿铁军.中国稠油能源的开发与展望[J].西北地质,1995, 16(1): 32-35
[4]吕立华,李明华,苏岳丽.稠油开采方法综述[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2005, 8(3): 110-112
[5]凌建军.水平压裂辅助蒸汽驱开采稠油油藏的研究[J].河南石油, 1996, 6(2): 30-34
[6]梁作利.稠油油藏蒸汽驱开发技术[J].特种油气藏, 2000, 7(2): 46-49
[7]胡士清,白国斌,赵春梅.火烧油层技术在庙5块低渗透稠油油藏中的应用[J].特种油气藏, 1998, 5(4): 33-37
[8]崔波,石文平,戴树高等.高粘度稠油开采方法的现状和研究进展[J].石油化工和技术经济, 2002, 5(16): 26-32
[9]赵炜,张志远.重油—21世纪的重要能源[J].世界石油工业, 1999, 7(3):46-49
[10]刘新福编译.世界稠油开采现状及发展趋势[J].石油勘探开发情报, 1996, 8(2):43-53
[11]高益衍,孙东明,荣耀森.稠油开采技术和油品利用近况[J].世界石油工业, 2000, 11(2):49-52
[12] E.B.克尔锡宁等著,韩学强译.一种开采稠油的层内移动燃烧前缘工艺方法[J].石油勘探开发情报, 1996, 5(1):47-48
[13]周风山,吴谨光.稠油化学降粘技术研究进展[J].油田化学, 2001, 18(3):268-272
[14]郭雄华,冯海船,顾永涛.PS降粘剂在胜利油区稠油开采中的应用[J].特种油气藏, 1998, 5(3):44-49
[15]李牧,杨红,唐纪云等.化学吞吐开采稠油技术研究[J].油田化学, 1997, 14(4):340-344,360 [16」关德,陈建武,商利军.渤海绥中36一工油田化学吞吐降粘技术初探[J].中国海上油气(工程) , 2000, 12(1):40-44
[17]庞万忠,王彪,陈立镇.大庆、大港原油对降凝剂的感受性及其非烃组分对降凝效果的影响[J].石油学报, 1995, 16(2):125-134
[18]李象容,徐树华.原油蜡中饱和分含量及其分子量分布对原油降凝剂感受性影响的研究[J].石油学报(石油加1) , 1990, 6(1):8-14.
[20] ChilingarianGV,YenTF.俞经方译.沥青、地沥青和沥青砂[M].北京.石油工业出版社,1998:149-152
[21]周凤山.稠油流动性改善机理及聚合物降粘剂制备与应用研究[D].西安.西安交通大学,2000
[22]谢慧专,刘淑霞.稠油开采用耐高温乳化剂[J].精细石油化工, 1994, 6(5):32-35.
[23]李美蓉,向浩,马济飞.特稠油乳化降黏机理研究[J].燃料化学学报, 2006, 34(2):175-178
[24]黄立信,田根林,童正新.化学吞吐开采稠油试验研究[J].特种油气, 1996, 3(1):44-50
[25]赵素惠,王永清,赵田红.稠油化学降粘法概述[J].化工时刊, 2005, 19(8):64-66
[26]赵国玺.表面活性剂化学[M].北京:石油大学出版社.1984:47-59
[27]王云峰等.表面活性剂及其在油气田中的应用[M].1995,北京:石油工业出版社:155-165
[28]楚子星.化学与物理复合降粘及解堵机理研究[M].东营:中国石油大学(华东) ,2006
[29]赵福麟.采油化学[M].山东:石油大学出版社,1989:149-152
[30]王惠敏,王积龙.化学降粘开采技术在小断块稠油油田的应用[J].石油规划设计, 1996, 4(2) :23-25.
[31]贝歇尔.乳状液理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1978:97-98.
[32]王桂勋等主编.乳化原油选择性堵水室内研究[J].钻采工艺,2006, 13(7):86-88.
[33]曾从荣等.活性稠油堵水技术研究与应用[J].油田化学,1995, 17(2):41-43.
[34]赵福麟主编.化学原理Ⅱ[M].石油大学出版社,1999:256-300
[35]高玉军等.高选择性乳化稠油堵水技术[J].油田化学,1997, 4(1):224-229.
[36]曾从荣等.活性稠油堵水技术研究与应用[J].油田化学,1995, 14(4):41-43,46
[37]白君宝,韩明,高玉军.活化稠油堵水工艺技术研究及应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1998, 11(3):80-83.
[39]张志庆等主编.矿化水对稠油乳化降粘剂SDGD降粘效果的影响[J].油田化学,2001, 8(1):302-305.
[40]樊三林.超稠油破乳剂研究[D].黑龙江,大庆石油学院,2005.
[41]任卓琳,牟英华,崔付义.原油破乳剂机理与发展趋势[J].油气田地面工程,2005, 24(7):16-17
[42]施宝昌等.原油破乳剂的开发与进展[J].化工进展,1997, 3(7) :61-63
[43] Taber,J.J,Martin,F.D,and seright,R.S,EOR Screening Criteria Revisited—Part 1:Introduction to Screening Criteria and Enhanced Recovery FieldProjects,SPE Reservoir Engineering,August.1997,189-198
[44] Taber,J.J,Martin,F.D.,and Seright,R.S.,“EOR Screening Criteria Revisited-Part 2:Applications and Impact of Oil Prices,”SPE Reservoir Engineering (August 1997) 199-205
[45] Cook,C.E. Jr.,Williams,R.E.,and Kolodzie,P.A.“Oil Recovery by Alkaline Waterflooding”JPT(December 1974): 1365-1374
[46] Dong,M.andP.Liu,“Spintaneous Emulsification Caused by Micellar Solubilization”presented at the 3rd National Conference of Surface and Colloid Chemistry,Shanghai,China.Oct.15-17,1988
[47] Wyatt,K.et al:“Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Technology Potential of the Minnellusa Trend,Powder River Basin,”paper SPE 29565 presented at the q995 SPE Rock Mountain Region/Low Permeablilty Reservoirs Symposium,Denver,Colorado,20-22,March
[48] Wang,D. Zhang,Z. Chen,J. Yang,J. and Go,S. Pilot Tests of Alkaline Surfacetant Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oil Field,”SPE Reservoir Engineering,(Nov.1997) 229-233
[49] Qiang Liu,Mingzhe Dong,Shangzhou Ma,“Alkaling/Surfactant Flood Potential in Western Canadian Heavy Oil Reservoirs”SPE 99791 presented at the 2006 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery held in Tulsa,Oklahoma,U.S.A.,22-26 April 2006
[50] Liu,Q. Dong,M.,Ma,S. and Tu Y.“Surfactant Enhanced Alkaline Flooding for Western Canadian Heavy Oil Recovery”Colloids and Surfaces A : Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,accepted,2006
[51] Sunil Kokal . Crude Oil Emulsions:A State-Of-The-Art Review. Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc,2002
[2]于连东.世界稠油资源的分布及其开采技术的现状与展望[J].特种油气藏,2001.6,第8卷第2期: 70-75
[3]顿铁军.中国稠油能源的开发与展望[J].西北地质,1995, 16(1): 32-35
[4]吕立华,李明华,苏岳丽.稠油开采方法综述[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2005, 8(3): 110-112
[5]凌建军.水平压裂辅助蒸汽驱开采稠油油藏的研究[J].河南石油, 1996, 6(2): 30-34
[6]梁作利.稠油油藏蒸汽驱开发技术[J].特种油气藏, 2000, 7(2): 46-49
[7]胡士清,白国斌,赵春梅.火烧油层技术在庙5块低渗透稠油油藏中的应用[J].特种油气藏, 1998, 5(4): 33-37
[8]崔波,石文平,戴树高等.高粘度稠油开采方法的现状和研究进展[J].石油化工和技术经济, 2002, 5(16): 26-32
[9]赵炜,张志远.重油—21世纪的重要能源[J].世界石油工业, 1999, 7(3):46-49
[10]刘新福编译.世界稠油开采现状及发展趋势[J].石油勘探开发情报, 1996, 8(2):43-53
[11]高益衍,孙东明,荣耀森.稠油开采技术和油品利用近况[J].世界石油工业, 2000, 11(2):49-52
[12] E.B.克尔锡宁等著,韩学强译.一种开采稠油的层内移动燃烧前缘工艺方法[J].石油勘探开发情报, 1996, 5(1):47-48
[13]周风山,吴谨光.稠油化学降粘技术研究进展[J].油田化学, 2001, 18(3):268-272
[14]郭雄华,冯海船,顾永涛.PS降粘剂在胜利油区稠油开采中的应用[J].特种油气藏, 1998, 5(3):44-49
[15]李牧,杨红,唐纪云等.化学吞吐开采稠油技术研究[J].油田化学, 1997, 14(4):340-344,360 [16」关德,陈建武,商利军.渤海绥中36一工油田化学吞吐降粘技术初探[J].中国海上油气(工程) , 2000, 12(1):40-44
[17]庞万忠,王彪,陈立镇.大庆、大港原油对降凝剂的感受性及其非烃组分对降凝效果的影响[J].石油学报, 1995, 16(2):125-134
[18]李象容,徐树华.原油蜡中饱和分含量及其分子量分布对原油降凝剂感受性影响的研究[J].石油学报(石油加1) , 1990, 6(1):8-14.
[20] ChilingarianGV,YenTF.俞经方译.沥青、地沥青和沥青砂[M].北京.石油工业出版社,1998:149-152
[21]周凤山.稠油流动性改善机理及聚合物降粘剂制备与应用研究[D].西安.西安交通大学,2000
[22]谢慧专,刘淑霞.稠油开采用耐高温乳化剂[J].精细石油化工, 1994, 6(5):32-35.
[23]李美蓉,向浩,马济飞.特稠油乳化降黏机理研究[J].燃料化学学报, 2006, 34(2):175-178
[24]黄立信,田根林,童正新.化学吞吐开采稠油试验研究[J].特种油气, 1996, 3(1):44-50
[25]赵素惠,王永清,赵田红.稠油化学降粘法概述[J].化工时刊, 2005, 19(8):64-66
[26]赵国玺.表面活性剂化学[M].北京:石油大学出版社.1984:47-59
[27]王云峰等.表面活性剂及其在油气田中的应用[M].1995,北京:石油工业出版社:155-165
[28]楚子星.化学与物理复合降粘及解堵机理研究[M].东营:中国石油大学(华东) ,2006
[29]赵福麟.采油化学[M].山东:石油大学出版社,1989:149-152
[30]王惠敏,王积龙.化学降粘开采技术在小断块稠油油田的应用[J].石油规划设计, 1996, 4(2) :23-25.
[31]贝歇尔.乳状液理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1978:97-98.
[32]王桂勋等主编.乳化原油选择性堵水室内研究[J].钻采工艺,2006, 13(7):86-88.
[33]曾从荣等.活性稠油堵水技术研究与应用[J].油田化学,1995, 17(2):41-43.
[34]赵福麟主编.化学原理Ⅱ[M].石油大学出版社,1999:256-300
[35]高玉军等.高选择性乳化稠油堵水技术[J].油田化学,1997, 4(1):224-229.
[36]曾从荣等.活性稠油堵水技术研究与应用[J].油田化学,1995, 14(4):41-43,46
[37]白君宝,韩明,高玉军.活化稠油堵水工艺技术研究及应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1998, 11(3):80-83.
[39]张志庆等主编.矿化水对稠油乳化降粘剂SDGD降粘效果的影响[J].油田化学,2001, 8(1):302-305.
[40]樊三林.超稠油破乳剂研究[D].黑龙江,大庆石油学院,2005.
[41]任卓琳,牟英华,崔付义.原油破乳剂机理与发展趋势[J].油气田地面工程,2005, 24(7):16-17
[42]施宝昌等.原油破乳剂的开发与进展[J].化工进展,1997, 3(7) :61-63
[43] Taber,J.J,Martin,F.D,and seright,R.S,EOR Screening Criteria Revisited—Part 1:Introduction to Screening Criteria and Enhanced Recovery FieldProjects,SPE Reservoir Engineering,August.1997,189-198
[44] Taber,J.J,Martin,F.D.,and Seright,R.S.,“EOR Screening Criteria Revisited-Part 2:Applications and Impact of Oil Prices,”SPE Reservoir Engineering (August 1997) 199-205
[45] Cook,C.E. Jr.,Williams,R.E.,and Kolodzie,P.A.“Oil Recovery by Alkaline Waterflooding”JPT(December 1974): 1365-1374
[46] Dong,M.andP.Liu,“Spintaneous Emulsification Caused by Micellar Solubilization”presented at the 3rd National Conference of Surface and Colloid Chemistry,Shanghai,China.Oct.15-17,1988
[47] Wyatt,K.et al:“Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Technology Potential of the Minnellusa Trend,Powder River Basin,”paper SPE 29565 presented at the q995 SPE Rock Mountain Region/Low Permeablilty Reservoirs Symposium,Denver,Colorado,20-22,March
[48] Wang,D. Zhang,Z. Chen,J. Yang,J. and Go,S. Pilot Tests of Alkaline Surfacetant Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oil Field,”SPE Reservoir Engineering,(Nov.1997) 229-233
[49] Qiang Liu,Mingzhe Dong,Shangzhou Ma,“Alkaling/Surfactant Flood Potential in Western Canadian Heavy Oil Reservoirs”SPE 99791 presented at the 2006 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery held in Tulsa,Oklahoma,U.S.A.,22-26 April 2006
[50] Liu,Q. Dong,M.,Ma,S. and Tu Y.“Surfactant Enhanced Alkaline Flooding for Western Canadian Heavy Oil Recovery”Colloids and Surfaces A : Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,accepted,2006
[51] Sunil Kokal . Crude Oil Emulsions:A State-Of-The-Art Review. Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc,2002