复式钢管混凝土柱在轴压和水平荷载作用下的力学性能研究
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摘要
近年来,复式钢管混凝土柱因其除继承了普通钢管混凝土承载力高,塑性、韧性好的优点外,还具有更好的耐火安全性,优越的抗震性能,且能有效避免厚壁钢管的使用,在国内外逐渐兴起,无论是在桥梁结构中的桥墩,海洋平台的支承还是在高层建筑中的大直径柱中,都有所采用,是发展前景较好的一种新型结构形式。国内外已有学者对此类构件的受力性能和承载力开展了相关的研究工作,取得了一定的成果,但是缺乏深入、细致的研究和受力机理的理论解释,更缺少对此类构件在水平荷载作用下力学性能的深入研究。本文运用统一强度理论对内圆外圆和内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱的轴心受压力学性能进行了理论分析,给出了较为合理的受力和破坏机理的理论解释,得到了该两种截面形式的实复式钢管混凝土柱轴压极限承载力的统一解。并以大型通用有限元软件ANSYS为平台,对在单调水平荷载作用下的内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱进行了弹塑性分析,得到了其荷载一位移曲线,分析和考察了轴压比、内钢管屈服强度、外钢管屈服强度和混凝土强度等因素对曲线的影响规律,并在单调加载的基础上,对其施加低周反复水平荷载,进一步考察了其滞回性能.所得到的结论如下:
1.运用统一强度理论对内圆外圆和内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱的轴心受压力学性能进行了理论分析,得出了其轴压极限承载力的统一解,将理论计算结果与试验结果相比较,吻合较好。表明运用统一强度理论,考虑内、外钢管对内层混凝土的双重约束作用以及钢管因环向受拉导致纵向应力降低的影响来分析实复式钢管混凝土柱的轴心受力和破坏机理是合理的。同时证明,通过引入混凝土强度折减系数和等效约束折减系数将内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱,按照面积相等的原则等效为内圆外圆实复式钢管混凝土柱,进而得出其轴压极限承载力的方法是可行的。所得到的轴压极限承载力的统一解,具有广泛的适用性,既适用于拉压相同的低强度钢材,也适用于拉压不同的高强度钢材;中间主应力对极限承载力有较大影响,极限承载力随着强度参数b的增大而增大。
2.钢管,尤其是内钢管对于实复式钢管混凝土柱轴压极限承载力的增益作用,主要体现在其对混凝土的套箍作用,并非体现在其自身的强度贡献;对于内钢管屈服强度低于外钢管的实复式钢管混凝土柱,其轴压极限承载力与具有相同含钢率的普通钢管混凝土柱相比提高并不明显,而对于内钢管屈服强度高于外钢管的实复式钢管混凝土柱,相对具有相同含钢率的普通钢管混凝土柱优越性能明显,不但提高了极限承载力还可以有效避免使用厚壁钢管导致的加工制作上的困难。
3.内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱在单调水平荷载作用下的荷载—位移曲线图形稳定性较好,在加载后期基本保持水平或出现微弱下降段,表现出了良好的塑性和延性,表明内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱具有良好的抗震性能。其应力基本呈反对称分布,且由柱两端向中间逐渐减小。构件的水平承载力在加载后期出现下降,主要是由于随着水平位移的增加,混凝土裂缝不断开展,自身模量降低,进而导致构件整体刚度退化引起的。构件的破坏源自于柱底部核心混凝土的压碎和钢管的屈服。
4.轴压比、内钢管屈服强度、外钢管屈服强度和混凝土强度等都是影响其极限承载力和延性的因素。改变这些参数,不但会影响荷载-位移曲线的数值,还会改变曲线的形状。
5.构件在低周反复水平荷载作用下的滞回曲线图形饱满,没有出现明显的捏缩现象,进一步表明内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱具有良好的耗能能力和塑性变形性能。构件的骨架曲线与单调加载时的荷载-位移曲线相似。
In the past few years, the multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns have been applied at the bridges, the flat roofs of ocean and the high-rise construction. They have good development foreground, because they not only inherit the advantages such as the higher bearing capacity, the better plasticity and ductility, from the normal concrete filled steel tubular columns, but also have better fire performance and seismic performance, and can avoid adopting the thick steel tubes in the big columns. The correlative study on stress performance and bearing capacity has been carried out by scholars both in overseas and at home. But it is still lack of embedded academic analysis. Based on the Unified Strength Theory(UST), the two kinds of section forms of solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and CHS outer)and(CHS inner and SHS outer) are derived in this paper. The stress mechanism and the failure mechanism of the columns under axial compressive loads are discussed, and the ultimate load calculation formulas for the above columns are obtained. By using the finite element analysis program ANSYS, the elastic-plastic analysis on the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and SHS outer) under monotone lateral loads is carried out And the force-displacement curves are obtained. The influence of the axial compression ratio, the yield strength of inner steel tube and outer steel tube, and the concrete strength is studied. And the hysteresis performance under lateral low reversed cyclic loads is studied also. The obtained. conclusions are as follows.
1.The two kinds of section forms of solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and CHS outer)and(CHS inner and SHS outer) under axial compressive loads are derived based on the Unified Strength Theory(UST) in this paper. And the ultimate load calculation formulas for the above solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns are obtained. In the formulas, the double restriction effect and the decrease of longitudinal stress because of the hoop tensile tension are considered. The theoretical results calculated with the UST are found in good agreement with the experimental results, and it shows that the UST is reasonable for the theory analysis of the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns. By introducing the reduction coefficient of concrete strength and the equivalent restriction reduction coefficient, the cross section with CHS inner and SHS outer is turned to that of CHS inner and CHS outer according to the equal area. Through the comparing study between theoretical results and the experimental results, it is proved that the equivalent principium is feasible. The obtained ultimate load calculation formulas are suitable for most steel whether the tension-compression strength is equal or not The influence of intermediate principal stress on the ultimate load is also studied. The ultimate load increases with the increase of coefficient b.
2.The advancement of ultimate axial compressive load is not mostly resulted in the tubes' intension contribution, but in the confinement effect that the steel tubes, especially the inner steel tubes gives to the concrete. When the yield strength of inner steel tube less than that of outer steel tube, the ultimate axial compressive load of the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns is increased little than that of the corresponding normal concrete filled steel tubular columns, when the yield strength of inner steel tube greater than that of outer steel tube, the ultimate axial compressive load of the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns is much more greater than that of the corresponding normal concrete filled steel tubular columns.
3.The force-displacement curves of the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and SHS outer) under monotone lateral loads. are found having good stabilization and keeping level or only appearing faint decline during anaphase of loading, which indicate that the columns possess well plasticity and ductility. The stress assumes dissymmetry distributing and gradually decreases from the end of the lolumns to the middle. The horizontal bearing capacity declines during anaphase of loading, mostly because of the rigidity degeneration resulted in the concrete crack's incessant expansion with the increase of horizontal displacement The breach of columns is derived from the crushability of the core concrete at the bottom of columns and the yield of steel tubes.
4.The parameters such as the axial compression ratio, the yield strength of inner steel tube and outer steel tube, and the concrete strength , have an important effect on the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility. When these parameters changed, not only the numerical value of force-displacement curves are affected, but also the shape will be transformed.
5.The hysteretic curves of the columns under lateral low reversed cyclic toads are plump and there is no obvious pinch, and this shows that the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and SHS outer)possess well capacity of energy dissipation and well deformation property of plasticity The skeleton curves are found similar to the force-displacement curves under monotone loading.
1.运用统一强度理论对内圆外圆和内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱的轴心受压力学性能进行了理论分析,得出了其轴压极限承载力的统一解,将理论计算结果与试验结果相比较,吻合较好。表明运用统一强度理论,考虑内、外钢管对内层混凝土的双重约束作用以及钢管因环向受拉导致纵向应力降低的影响来分析实复式钢管混凝土柱的轴心受力和破坏机理是合理的。同时证明,通过引入混凝土强度折减系数和等效约束折减系数将内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱,按照面积相等的原则等效为内圆外圆实复式钢管混凝土柱,进而得出其轴压极限承载力的方法是可行的。所得到的轴压极限承载力的统一解,具有广泛的适用性,既适用于拉压相同的低强度钢材,也适用于拉压不同的高强度钢材;中间主应力对极限承载力有较大影响,极限承载力随着强度参数b的增大而增大。
2.钢管,尤其是内钢管对于实复式钢管混凝土柱轴压极限承载力的增益作用,主要体现在其对混凝土的套箍作用,并非体现在其自身的强度贡献;对于内钢管屈服强度低于外钢管的实复式钢管混凝土柱,其轴压极限承载力与具有相同含钢率的普通钢管混凝土柱相比提高并不明显,而对于内钢管屈服强度高于外钢管的实复式钢管混凝土柱,相对具有相同含钢率的普通钢管混凝土柱优越性能明显,不但提高了极限承载力还可以有效避免使用厚壁钢管导致的加工制作上的困难。
3.内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱在单调水平荷载作用下的荷载—位移曲线图形稳定性较好,在加载后期基本保持水平或出现微弱下降段,表现出了良好的塑性和延性,表明内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱具有良好的抗震性能。其应力基本呈反对称分布,且由柱两端向中间逐渐减小。构件的水平承载力在加载后期出现下降,主要是由于随着水平位移的增加,混凝土裂缝不断开展,自身模量降低,进而导致构件整体刚度退化引起的。构件的破坏源自于柱底部核心混凝土的压碎和钢管的屈服。
4.轴压比、内钢管屈服强度、外钢管屈服强度和混凝土强度等都是影响其极限承载力和延性的因素。改变这些参数,不但会影响荷载-位移曲线的数值,还会改变曲线的形状。
5.构件在低周反复水平荷载作用下的滞回曲线图形饱满,没有出现明显的捏缩现象,进一步表明内圆外方实复式钢管混凝土柱具有良好的耗能能力和塑性变形性能。构件的骨架曲线与单调加载时的荷载-位移曲线相似。
In the past few years, the multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns have been applied at the bridges, the flat roofs of ocean and the high-rise construction. They have good development foreground, because they not only inherit the advantages such as the higher bearing capacity, the better plasticity and ductility, from the normal concrete filled steel tubular columns, but also have better fire performance and seismic performance, and can avoid adopting the thick steel tubes in the big columns. The correlative study on stress performance and bearing capacity has been carried out by scholars both in overseas and at home. But it is still lack of embedded academic analysis. Based on the Unified Strength Theory(UST), the two kinds of section forms of solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and CHS outer)and(CHS inner and SHS outer) are derived in this paper. The stress mechanism and the failure mechanism of the columns under axial compressive loads are discussed, and the ultimate load calculation formulas for the above columns are obtained. By using the finite element analysis program ANSYS, the elastic-plastic analysis on the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and SHS outer) under monotone lateral loads is carried out And the force-displacement curves are obtained. The influence of the axial compression ratio, the yield strength of inner steel tube and outer steel tube, and the concrete strength is studied. And the hysteresis performance under lateral low reversed cyclic loads is studied also. The obtained. conclusions are as follows.
1.The two kinds of section forms of solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and CHS outer)and(CHS inner and SHS outer) under axial compressive loads are derived based on the Unified Strength Theory(UST) in this paper. And the ultimate load calculation formulas for the above solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns are obtained. In the formulas, the double restriction effect and the decrease of longitudinal stress because of the hoop tensile tension are considered. The theoretical results calculated with the UST are found in good agreement with the experimental results, and it shows that the UST is reasonable for the theory analysis of the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns. By introducing the reduction coefficient of concrete strength and the equivalent restriction reduction coefficient, the cross section with CHS inner and SHS outer is turned to that of CHS inner and CHS outer according to the equal area. Through the comparing study between theoretical results and the experimental results, it is proved that the equivalent principium is feasible. The obtained ultimate load calculation formulas are suitable for most steel whether the tension-compression strength is equal or not The influence of intermediate principal stress on the ultimate load is also studied. The ultimate load increases with the increase of coefficient b.
2.The advancement of ultimate axial compressive load is not mostly resulted in the tubes' intension contribution, but in the confinement effect that the steel tubes, especially the inner steel tubes gives to the concrete. When the yield strength of inner steel tube less than that of outer steel tube, the ultimate axial compressive load of the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns is increased little than that of the corresponding normal concrete filled steel tubular columns, when the yield strength of inner steel tube greater than that of outer steel tube, the ultimate axial compressive load of the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns is much more greater than that of the corresponding normal concrete filled steel tubular columns.
3.The force-displacement curves of the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and SHS outer) under monotone lateral loads. are found having good stabilization and keeping level or only appearing faint decline during anaphase of loading, which indicate that the columns possess well plasticity and ductility. The stress assumes dissymmetry distributing and gradually decreases from the end of the lolumns to the middle. The horizontal bearing capacity declines during anaphase of loading, mostly because of the rigidity degeneration resulted in the concrete crack's incessant expansion with the increase of horizontal displacement The breach of columns is derived from the crushability of the core concrete at the bottom of columns and the yield of steel tubes.
4.The parameters such as the axial compression ratio, the yield strength of inner steel tube and outer steel tube, and the concrete strength , have an important effect on the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility. When these parameters changed, not only the numerical value of force-displacement curves are affected, but also the shape will be transformed.
5.The hysteretic curves of the columns under lateral low reversed cyclic toads are plump and there is no obvious pinch, and this shows that the solid multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns(CHS inner and SHS outer)possess well capacity of energy dissipation and well deformation property of plasticity The skeleton curves are found similar to the force-displacement curves under monotone loading.
引文
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