新型结晶器非正弦振动装置的研究与设计
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摘要
上个世纪末，在冶金工业部提出的“以连铸为中心，炼钢为基础，设备为保证”的生产指导方针的正确引导下，我国连铸生产得以飞速发展，但本世纪我国加入世界贸易组织以后，钢铁产品市场竞争激烈，国内各科研机构及钢铁企业为了加强竞争能力均在积极采取各种相关措施提高产品质量，降低制造成本，因而发展高效连铸技术成为最前沿的科研方向。而其中基础的环节就是结晶器振动方式的不断改进。
本文主要分析并改进了结晶器非正弦振动发生装置。从提高拉坯速度、减少产品表面裂痕等方面来讲，实现结晶器的非正弦振动已经成为一种不可替代的趋势，鉴于目前国内厂家所用电液伺服发生装置均为引进国外技术和设备，费用昂贵，为了降低成本，我们仍然希望通过机械驱动来完成非正弦波形的实现。
文章分析了目前国内普遍采用的几种机械驱动的非正弦振动发生装置，发现在实践中这些装置均存在着部分尚需解决的问题，特别是逐步得到广泛应用的椭圆齿轮非正弦发生装置，也存在着诸如运动中的不平稳，啮合冲击等多种需要完善之处，因而本次设计从连杆基本运动原理着手，详细分析了椭圆齿轮的运动规律，同时为了克服其缺点，以逆平行四连杆机构来替代椭圆齿轮。对于机构的设计，作者研究了各种可行的方案，在保持机构整体尺寸小巧适用的情况下，对内部零件做了合理设计，部分零件突破了传统的设计框架，最终完成了机器的加工制造。样机体现了非正弦振动的特点，克服了椭圆齿轮的缺点。同时文章还对整体的振动机构做了优化布置，保证了整个振动过程的平稳性。
At the end of last century, the Metallurgy Industrial Ministry brought forward that focused on continuous casting, based on steel-making, assured of equipment, and with the correct leading of this guideline, continuous casting of our country obtained development at very fast speed. But the situation changed after we entered WTO, market competition between steely production became furious, more and more institutions and steely manufactures in our country took measures against the situation which concluding improving quality of productions and reducing cost of manufacture. Inevitably, the development of high efficiency casting became the foreland direction of scientific research and the crux orientation is to ameliorate the oscillation mode of mould.
This dissertation analyzed the generating mechanism for non-sinusoidal oscillation of mould and make effective progresses. It is a trend which can't replace that using non-sinusoidal oscillation of mould, but electro-hydraulic generating mechanism should be introduced into our country, the price is expensive, so with the purpose of reducing the cost, so we also expect that we can use mechanical driven device to realize non-sinusoidal oscillation.
I analyzed non-sinusoidal generating mechanisms which used in manufactures abroad, there are many problems. Oval gear generating mechanism is the representative, then determine that we use bar linkage mechanism to replace oval gear. I contrast many projects, finally, we achieved a model machine after using anti-parallel bar linkage mechanism, compared with other mechanisms, this machine have more advantages, and there are some parts distinguished with traditional design concept. Additionally, we accomplish the optimum layout of bar linkage oscillation mechanism after optimum design, and we bring out a calculative process for taking it into practice at the same time.
本文主要分析并改进了结晶器非正弦振动发生装置。从提高拉坯速度、减少产品表面裂痕等方面来讲，实现结晶器的非正弦振动已经成为一种不可替代的趋势，鉴于目前国内厂家所用电液伺服发生装置均为引进国外技术和设备，费用昂贵，为了降低成本，我们仍然希望通过机械驱动来完成非正弦波形的实现。
文章分析了目前国内普遍采用的几种机械驱动的非正弦振动发生装置，发现在实践中这些装置均存在着部分尚需解决的问题，特别是逐步得到广泛应用的椭圆齿轮非正弦发生装置，也存在着诸如运动中的不平稳，啮合冲击等多种需要完善之处，因而本次设计从连杆基本运动原理着手，详细分析了椭圆齿轮的运动规律，同时为了克服其缺点，以逆平行四连杆机构来替代椭圆齿轮。对于机构的设计，作者研究了各种可行的方案，在保持机构整体尺寸小巧适用的情况下，对内部零件做了合理设计，部分零件突破了传统的设计框架，最终完成了机器的加工制造。样机体现了非正弦振动的特点，克服了椭圆齿轮的缺点。同时文章还对整体的振动机构做了优化布置，保证了整个振动过程的平稳性。
At the end of last century, the Metallurgy Industrial Ministry brought forward that focused on continuous casting, based on steel-making, assured of equipment, and with the correct leading of this guideline, continuous casting of our country obtained development at very fast speed. But the situation changed after we entered WTO, market competition between steely production became furious, more and more institutions and steely manufactures in our country took measures against the situation which concluding improving quality of productions and reducing cost of manufacture. Inevitably, the development of high efficiency casting became the foreland direction of scientific research and the crux orientation is to ameliorate the oscillation mode of mould.
This dissertation analyzed the generating mechanism for non-sinusoidal oscillation of mould and make effective progresses. It is a trend which can't replace that using non-sinusoidal oscillation of mould, but electro-hydraulic generating mechanism should be introduced into our country, the price is expensive, so with the purpose of reducing the cost, so we also expect that we can use mechanical driven device to realize non-sinusoidal oscillation.
I analyzed non-sinusoidal generating mechanisms which used in manufactures abroad, there are many problems. Oval gear generating mechanism is the representative, then determine that we use bar linkage mechanism to replace oval gear. I contrast many projects, finally, we achieved a model machine after using anti-parallel bar linkage mechanism, compared with other mechanisms, this machine have more advantages, and there are some parts distinguished with traditional design concept. Additionally, we accomplish the optimum layout of bar linkage oscillation mechanism after optimum design, and we bring out a calculative process for taking it into practice at the same time.
引文
1 陈雷.连续铸钢.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:1-10
2 Lewis, D.M.. The Princeples of Continuous Casting of Metalas . Metallurgical Reviews,1956:312-368
3 Wolf, M.M.. History of Continuous Casting . Steelmaking Conference Proceedings. ISS－AIME,1992,75:83-137
4 Harter. Continuous Casting of Steel . AISE Yearly Proceedings,1956:258-262
5 Savage, J., Pritchard, W.H. The Problem of the Rupture of Billet in the Continuous Casting of Steel . Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,1954,178(11): 269-277
6 蔡开科.连续铸钢.北京:科学出版社,1990:5-23
7 《连续铸钢译文集编译》组.连续铸钢译文集(3).北京:冶金工业出版社,1976:1-10
8 史宸兴.实用连铸冶金技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1998:4-22 89-112
9 杨菊娣.90年代板坯连铸技术发展趋势.特殊钢出版社,1994,5:13-16
10 蔡开科,程士富.连续铸钢原理与工艺.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:120-232
11 苏天森.近终形连铸连轧技术及钢铁工业新技术简介(一).冶金信息,2000,9 (3):15-20
12 R O'Malley, et al. Thin Slab Casting Practice Development at Armco's Mansfield Operations. Proceedings of 7th International Continuous Casting Conference of VAI,1996,1:97-102
13 L. Bruno, H. H?dl, K. M?rward. Technological Package For High Performance Slab Casting. MPT International,1998,2:64-67
14 D.Currey. Optimization of Casting Speed for Higher Productivity on Do-Fasco's No.1 Continuous Caster. Steelmaking Conference Proceedings,1995:286-288
15 张兴中,那贤昭,倪满森.高效连铸基本问题的介绍与评价.钢铁,2000,4:62-64
16 刘青.高效连铸的重要技术.钢铁研究,2000,1:54-58
17 R. Heard, N. Kaell. Technological Developments for High Speed. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly,1999,38(5):331-335
18 胡宗仁.高速连铸技术的开发.炼钢.1997,10:40-46
19 张洪波.实现高速连铸的三项关键技术.钢铁,1997,3:25-28
20 王新华.高速连铸的几项关键技术.炼钢,1995,8:21-29
21 焦志明.连铸结晶器振动方式的探讨.炼钢,1997,8:30-33
22 潘毓淳.炼钢设备.北京:冶金工业出版社,1992:114-119
23 李宪奎,张德明.连铸结晶器振动技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:30-42 68-88
24 竹内英磨.国外连铸新技术(三).北京:冶金部情报研究总所出版社,1985:95-116
25 E.TAKEUCHI, J.K.BRIMACOMBE. Effect of Oscillation Mark Formation on the Surface Quality of Continuously Cast Steel Slabs. Metallurgical Transactions B, 1985,16(9):605-625
26 E.TAKEUCHI, J.K.BRIMACOMBE. The Formation of Oscillate-iron Marks in the Continuous Casting of Steel Slabs. Metallurgical Transactions B, 1984, 15(9):493-529
27 S.ITOYAMA. Effect of Casting Conditions on Oscillation Mark Depth. CAMP-ISIJ, 1992,5:1,225-1,228
28 A.HOWE, I.STEWART. Reduction of Reciprocation Marks By High Frequency Vibration of Continuous Casting Mould. Steelmaking Conference Proceedings. ISS-AIME, 1987, 70:417-425
29 Edward S. Szekeres. Overview of Mold Oscillation in Continuous Casting. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1996, 6:29-37
30 沃尔夫.连铸技术的最新进展[M].北京:中国金属学会连续铸钢学会出版社,1958:85-87
31 熊毅刚.板坯连铸[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:182-183
32 汪兴富.高速连铸的关键技术.重型机械,1995,6:3-6
33 史宸兴.对开发高速连铸技术的思考.连铸,1996,3:7-10
34 王新华,赵沛,周荣章.高速连铸的几项关键技术.炼钢,1995,8:21-29
35 张洪波.高速连铸的基本工艺条件.炼钢,1995,2:32-35
36 于敏之.连铸结晶器非正弦振动装置的开发.[燕山大学工学硕士论文].1998:1-13
37 王志刚,李友荣.结晶器非正弦振动研究.机械传动,2002,2:10-12
38 李宪奎.现代连铸技术(讲义),2002:1-15
39 李宪奎,吴晓明.构造结晶器非正弦振动波形函数的方法.机械工程学报,2000, 36(1):67-70
40 李宪奎.结晶器非正弦振动波形及参数研究.钢铁,1998,11:15-17
41 王昌绪,王新华,王万军.提高连铸结晶器振动频率、减少振幅改善铸坯质量的研究.钢铁,2003,38(1):19-21
42 杜会英.结晶器振动对连铸坯表面质量的影响.钢铁,2002,37(3):66-67
43 夏文勇,陈洪根.对三钢厂结晶器振动参数的探讨.江西冶金,2001,21(8):27-29
44 本书编辑委员会.炼钢－连铸新技术800问.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003,(9):213-215
45 许志强,盛义平,乔长锁.连杆式机械传动的结晶器非正弦振动装置.钢铁,2000,8:24-26
46 韩宝明.连铸结晶器非正弦振动的曲线函数构造与机械驱动装置.河北冶金,2002,6:11-14
47 安子军.机械原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:218-220
48 《常见机构的原理及应用》编写组.常见机构的原理及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1978:139-148
49 李福生.非圆齿轮[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:117-120 142-146
50 吴序堂,王贵海.非圆齿轮及非匀速比传动.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:169-175
51 王志刚,李友荣.椭圆齿轮传动在结晶器非正弦振动装置中的应用.冶金设备,2002,12(6):8-10
52 刘和平,仇圣桃.机械实现的非正弦振动装置在方坯铸机上的应用.钢铁,2002, 37(6):26-27
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62 刘鸿飞,李谋渨,王真文,等.连铸机结晶器振动装置的仿弧误差分析.钢铁,1999,34(5):23-25
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2 Lewis, D.M.. The Princeples of Continuous Casting of Metalas . Metallurgical Reviews,1956:312-368
3 Wolf, M.M.. History of Continuous Casting . Steelmaking Conference Proceedings. ISS－AIME,1992,75:83-137
4 Harter. Continuous Casting of Steel . AISE Yearly Proceedings,1956:258-262
5 Savage, J., Pritchard, W.H. The Problem of the Rupture of Billet in the Continuous Casting of Steel . Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,1954,178(11): 269-277
6 蔡开科.连续铸钢.北京:科学出版社,1990:5-23
7 《连续铸钢译文集编译》组.连续铸钢译文集(3).北京:冶金工业出版社,1976:1-10
8 史宸兴.实用连铸冶金技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1998:4-22 89-112
9 杨菊娣.90年代板坯连铸技术发展趋势.特殊钢出版社,1994,5:13-16
10 蔡开科,程士富.连续铸钢原理与工艺.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:120-232
11 苏天森.近终形连铸连轧技术及钢铁工业新技术简介(一).冶金信息,2000,9 (3):15-20
12 R O'Malley, et al. Thin Slab Casting Practice Development at Armco's Mansfield Operations. Proceedings of 7th International Continuous Casting Conference of VAI,1996,1:97-102
13 L. Bruno, H. H?dl, K. M?rward. Technological Package For High Performance Slab Casting. MPT International,1998,2:64-67
14 D.Currey. Optimization of Casting Speed for Higher Productivity on Do-Fasco's No.1 Continuous Caster. Steelmaking Conference Proceedings,1995:286-288
15 张兴中,那贤昭,倪满森.高效连铸基本问题的介绍与评价.钢铁,2000,4:62-64
16 刘青.高效连铸的重要技术.钢铁研究,2000,1:54-58
17 R. Heard, N. Kaell. Technological Developments for High Speed. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly,1999,38(5):331-335
18 胡宗仁.高速连铸技术的开发.炼钢.1997,10:40-46
19 张洪波.实现高速连铸的三项关键技术.钢铁,1997,3:25-28
20 王新华.高速连铸的几项关键技术.炼钢,1995,8:21-29
21 焦志明.连铸结晶器振动方式的探讨.炼钢,1997,8:30-33
22 潘毓淳.炼钢设备.北京:冶金工业出版社,1992:114-119
23 李宪奎,张德明.连铸结晶器振动技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000:30-42 68-88
24 竹内英磨.国外连铸新技术(三).北京:冶金部情报研究总所出版社,1985:95-116
25 E.TAKEUCHI, J.K.BRIMACOMBE. Effect of Oscillation Mark Formation on the Surface Quality of Continuously Cast Steel Slabs. Metallurgical Transactions B, 1985,16(9):605-625
26 E.TAKEUCHI, J.K.BRIMACOMBE. The Formation of Oscillate-iron Marks in the Continuous Casting of Steel Slabs. Metallurgical Transactions B, 1984, 15(9):493-529
27 S.ITOYAMA. Effect of Casting Conditions on Oscillation Mark Depth. CAMP-ISIJ, 1992,5:1,225-1,228
28 A.HOWE, I.STEWART. Reduction of Reciprocation Marks By High Frequency Vibration of Continuous Casting Mould. Steelmaking Conference Proceedings. ISS-AIME, 1987, 70:417-425
29 Edward S. Szekeres. Overview of Mold Oscillation in Continuous Casting. Iron and Steel Engineer, 1996, 6:29-37
30 沃尔夫.连铸技术的最新进展[M].北京:中国金属学会连续铸钢学会出版社,1958:85-87
31 熊毅刚.板坯连铸[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:182-183
32 汪兴富.高速连铸的关键技术.重型机械,1995,6:3-6
33 史宸兴.对开发高速连铸技术的思考.连铸,1996,3:7-10
34 王新华,赵沛,周荣章.高速连铸的几项关键技术.炼钢,1995,8:21-29
35 张洪波.高速连铸的基本工艺条件.炼钢,1995,2:32-35
36 于敏之.连铸结晶器非正弦振动装置的开发.[燕山大学工学硕士论文].1998:1-13
37 王志刚,李友荣.结晶器非正弦振动研究.机械传动,2002,2:10-12
38 李宪奎.现代连铸技术(讲义),2002:1-15
39 李宪奎,吴晓明.构造结晶器非正弦振动波形函数的方法.机械工程学报,2000, 36(1):67-70
40 李宪奎.结晶器非正弦振动波形及参数研究.钢铁,1998,11:15-17
41 王昌绪,王新华,王万军.提高连铸结晶器振动频率、减少振幅改善铸坯质量的研究.钢铁,2003,38(1):19-21
42 杜会英.结晶器振动对连铸坯表面质量的影响.钢铁,2002,37(3):66-67
43 夏文勇,陈洪根.对三钢厂结晶器振动参数的探讨.江西冶金,2001,21(8):27-29
44 本书编辑委员会.炼钢－连铸新技术800问.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003,(9):213-215
45 许志强,盛义平,乔长锁.连杆式机械传动的结晶器非正弦振动装置.钢铁,2000,8:24-26
46 韩宝明.连铸结晶器非正弦振动的曲线函数构造与机械驱动装置.河北冶金,2002,6:11-14
47 安子军.机械原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:218-220
48 《常见机构的原理及应用》编写组.常见机构的原理及应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1978:139-148
49 李福生.非圆齿轮[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998:117-120 142-146
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