埋地钢质管道管中直流电位测试技术研究
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摘要
管道作为输送石油、天燃气等能源的安全经济的手段在全世界范围内得到了广泛应用。管道运输业已经成为与铁路、公路、航空、水运并驾齐驱的五大行业之一,在经济建设和国防工业中发挥着越来越重要的作用。随着管线运行年限的增长以及人为破坏或施工缺陷和腐蚀等问题的存在,造成管道外覆盖层失效,进而引起管体腐蚀,造成管体开裂、穿孔等事故的发生,造成巨大的经济损失和人民生命财产损失。影响埋地钢质管道系统可靠性和使用寿命的关键因素是管道金属腐蚀。为了做好防腐蚀工作,各国管道工作者采用涂层和电化学方法进行防腐保护。我国长输埋地管道也已采用了这两种防护技术。
阴极保护常采用牺牲阳极法和外加电流法。在研究现有的文献,建立了牺牲阳极管地电位分布的数学模型;通过室内模拟实验,研究了土壤环境对保护电位的影响和在覆盖层有破损的情况下电位分布情况,并建立了实验模型。运用ANSYS仿真软件,对牺牲阳极阴极保护的埋地管道进行了有限元分析,验证了理论模型的合理性。以室内模拟实验为基础,参考已有的850mV准则,提出了基于实验的牺牲阳极阴极保护有效性评价的技术与方法。
利用小波变换理论对阴极保护埋地管道通电电位和断电电位等检测信号进行处理,根据小波去噪及统计分析理论和小波阈值降噪方法对现场检测的管地电位信号进行处理,消除了噪声对管地电位的影响,还原了真实信号数据,能够对外覆盖层缺陷进行的定量检测与准确定位。
在上述研究基础上,开发了牺牲阳极阴极保护下埋地钢质管道外覆盖层质量评价系统。详细介绍了软件系统的主要功能模块以及实现方法,并对软件系统进行了工程验证。实践表明,软件操作简便、定位准确、分析评价结果合理。
As a secure and economical means of transporting crude oil and gas, pipelines have been used all over the world. The industry of pipeline transporting is one of the five biggest industries including railway, highway, air, water transportation, and it plays more and more important role in the economic construction and the industries of national defense.
Due to the increase of running time of pipelines, the detriment, defect during construction, corrosion, the coating of pipeline is severely invalidated. Consequently, the accidents, such as break and perforation, cause great losses of economy and lives of people. So the external corrosion of steel is one of the most key factors that influence the reliability and life of the buried pipeline system. To mitigate corrosion, a combination system of protective coating and cathodic protection is widely utilized. These protection techniques have been widely put into use in long-distance pipeline domestically.
Normally cathodic protection is acquired by sacrificial anodes and impressed current. Based on studying home and abroad documents and the existing theory of sacrificial anodes. The mathematical model of potential distributing protected by sacrificial anodes is established. Research about distribution of protect potential influented by soil enviroments and the distribution when coating is damaged. Based on this research, laboratory model is estabished. Ansys is used to do finite element analysis for proving the correctness of theory model and laboratory model. By referring to 850mV rule and experiment, the evaluation of effectiveness protected by sacrifying anodes was put forward .
The theory of wavelet transform is applied to process the detection signals of ON potential and OFF potential. Pipeline-soil voltages detected by instruments, are processed by wavelet threshold de-noising method, and the noise effects to the pipeline–soil voltages are eliminated. Thus the real signal data is restored. The fixed detection of damaged point on the coating is researched and the manner has been experimented in the engineering, All the results mentioned have been approved pretty well by engineering experiments.
The operational software has been developed that can be used for evaluating quality condition of the burial steel pipe coating protected by sacrificial anodes. Its main functional modules are introduced in detail as well as their implementation manners. The software system is applied in the engineering and the system is convenient to operate, the damaged position is accurate to locate and the result of analysis and evaluation is reliable, which can meet the needs of engineering application.
阴极保护常采用牺牲阳极法和外加电流法。在研究现有的文献,建立了牺牲阳极管地电位分布的数学模型;通过室内模拟实验,研究了土壤环境对保护电位的影响和在覆盖层有破损的情况下电位分布情况,并建立了实验模型。运用ANSYS仿真软件,对牺牲阳极阴极保护的埋地管道进行了有限元分析,验证了理论模型的合理性。以室内模拟实验为基础,参考已有的850mV准则,提出了基于实验的牺牲阳极阴极保护有效性评价的技术与方法。
利用小波变换理论对阴极保护埋地管道通电电位和断电电位等检测信号进行处理,根据小波去噪及统计分析理论和小波阈值降噪方法对现场检测的管地电位信号进行处理,消除了噪声对管地电位的影响,还原了真实信号数据,能够对外覆盖层缺陷进行的定量检测与准确定位。
在上述研究基础上,开发了牺牲阳极阴极保护下埋地钢质管道外覆盖层质量评价系统。详细介绍了软件系统的主要功能模块以及实现方法,并对软件系统进行了工程验证。实践表明,软件操作简便、定位准确、分析评价结果合理。
As a secure and economical means of transporting crude oil and gas, pipelines have been used all over the world. The industry of pipeline transporting is one of the five biggest industries including railway, highway, air, water transportation, and it plays more and more important role in the economic construction and the industries of national defense.
Due to the increase of running time of pipelines, the detriment, defect during construction, corrosion, the coating of pipeline is severely invalidated. Consequently, the accidents, such as break and perforation, cause great losses of economy and lives of people. So the external corrosion of steel is one of the most key factors that influence the reliability and life of the buried pipeline system. To mitigate corrosion, a combination system of protective coating and cathodic protection is widely utilized. These protection techniques have been widely put into use in long-distance pipeline domestically.
Normally cathodic protection is acquired by sacrificial anodes and impressed current. Based on studying home and abroad documents and the existing theory of sacrificial anodes. The mathematical model of potential distributing protected by sacrificial anodes is established. Research about distribution of protect potential influented by soil enviroments and the distribution when coating is damaged. Based on this research, laboratory model is estabished. Ansys is used to do finite element analysis for proving the correctness of theory model and laboratory model. By referring to 850mV rule and experiment, the evaluation of effectiveness protected by sacrifying anodes was put forward .
The theory of wavelet transform is applied to process the detection signals of ON potential and OFF potential. Pipeline-soil voltages detected by instruments, are processed by wavelet threshold de-noising method, and the noise effects to the pipeline–soil voltages are eliminated. Thus the real signal data is restored. The fixed detection of damaged point on the coating is researched and the manner has been experimented in the engineering, All the results mentioned have been approved pretty well by engineering experiments.
The operational software has been developed that can be used for evaluating quality condition of the burial steel pipe coating protected by sacrificial anodes. Its main functional modules are introduced in detail as well as their implementation manners. The software system is applied in the engineering and the system is convenient to operate, the damaged position is accurate to locate and the result of analysis and evaluation is reliable, which can meet the needs of engineering application.
引文
1崔谦.油气管道泄漏检测方法的研究及应用[D],天津大学, 2002.
2李健.埋地管道防腐层缺陷检测技术的研究[D],天津大学, 2000.
3 A shworth V , Booker C J L .Cathodic Protection- theory and practice[M]. Ellis Horwood Limited, 1986, 31～36.
4王为民.国内外石油管道输送技术发展综述[J].管道技术与设备, 1997 (4): 4～8.
5 Pan Jiahua. The Development of China's Long-Distance Pipeline Industry[J]. Pipe and Pipelines Intenrational; 1984 (9): 97～99.
6 Furness.R.A. Development in Pipeline Instrumentation,Measurement and Control[J]. 1987, 20(1): 7~15.
7 M. Andrei, F.di Gabriele, P.L. Bonora. Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Sacrificial Anodes in Tap Water[J]. Materials and Corrosion, 2003, 54: 5～11.
8 A. Pijnacker Hordijk and B. vander Velde .New maintenance Philosophy to incorporate DCVG technique. Pipeline & Gas Industry. 1996 (3): 12～18.
9郭明.阴极保护技术的研究与应用[D],大庆石油学院, 2006.
10胡士信.阴极保护工程手册,北京:化学工业出版社[M], 2000.
11 Fessler R R,Markworth A J, Parkins R N. Cathodic Protection Levels under Disbonded Coatings, Corrosion /82(NACE), Houston, 1982, 119.
12 SY/0420-97埋地钢质管道石油沥青防腐层技术标准.
13 SY/T0447-96埋地钢质管道环氧煤沥青外覆盖层技术标准.
14陈世利.埋地管道防腐层缺陷检测与评价技术研究[D].天津:天津大学博士论文, 2003
15 SY/T 0019-1997埋地钢质管道牺牲阳极阴极保护设计规范.
16 SY/T 0095-2000埋地镁牺牲阳极试样试验室评价的试验方法.
17 Dr. J. M. Leed, S. S. Leeds. Operators Misled By Mislabeled Aboveground Survey Methods, Pipe Coating Surveys, 2004(9): 32～38
18李相怡,翁永基.阴极保护电位分布数学模型的研究及其应用[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术, 1998, 10(2): 63～69.
19 M.V.K.Chari, P.P.Silvester.电磁场问题的有限元解法[M],科学出版社出版, 1985.
20 LEEDS J M, GRAPIGLIA J. The DC Voltage Gradient Gethod for Accurate Delineation of Coating Defects on Buried Pipelines. Corrosion Prevention&Control, 1995: 77～86.
21 P.P.Silvester, R.L.Ferrari.有限元法在电气工程中的应用[M],浙江大学出版社出版, 1996.
22 P.P.Silvester, R.L.Ferrari.电工中的有限元法[M],科学出版社出版, 1988.
23许海峰,辛慧源. ANSYS软件对电机磁场的分析[J],电子与封装, 2003, 10(3): 48～50.
24王世山,王德林,李彦明.大型有限元软件ANSYS在电磁领域的使用[J],高压电器, 2002, 38(6): 27～33.
25米琪等.管道腐蚀手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社, 1994.
26 E.Santana Diaz, R.Adey. Optimising the Location of Anodes in Cathodic Protection Systems to Smooth Potential Distribution[J]. Advance in Engineering Software, 2005 (36): 591～598.
27王长勇.基于阴极保护的埋地钢质管道外覆盖层缺陷检测与评价方法研究[D],北京工业大学, 2007.
28 GB 6830-1986电信线路遭受强电线路危险影响的容许值.
29 SY/T0032-2000埋地钢质管道交流排流保护技术标准.
30 GB /T 6682-1992分析实验室用水规格和试验方法.
31 GB /T 12336-1990腐蚀数据统计分析标准方法.
32 GB /T 13671-1992不锈钢缝隙腐蚀电化学试验方法.
33 GB/T 19285-2003埋地钢质管道腐蚀防护工程检验.
34 SY/T0037-1997管道防腐层阴极剥离试验方法.
35 SY/T 0029-98埋地钢质检查片腐蚀速率测试方法.
36 GB/T 17731-2004镁合金牺牲阳极.
37 SYJ 4006-90长输管道阴极保护工程施工及验收规范.
38 SY/T0023-97埋地钢质管道阴极保护参数测试方法.
39 SY/T0036-2000埋地钢质管道强制电流阴极保护设计规范.
40 SY/T6063-1994防腐绝缘层电阻率现场测量技术规范.
41 SYJ4020-88埋地钢质管道石油沥青防腐层施工及验收规范.
42 SY0087.1-2006管道外腐蚀直接评价.
43 H.H.尤里克, R.W.瑞维亚.腐蚀与腐蚀控制[M],石油工业出版社, 1990
44 M. Andrei, F.di Gabriele, P.L. Bonora. Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Sacrificial Anodes in Tap Water[J], Materials and Corrosion, 2003, 54: 5～11.
45曹楚南.腐蚀电化学原理-第二版[M],化学工业出版社. 1990
46郑小平. Visual C#.NET开发实践[M].人民邮电出版社. 2001.
47夏普,贾格尔. Microsoft Visual C#.NET程序设计[M].北京大学出版社, 2002.
48周伟. MATLAB小波分析高级技术[M].西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006.
49李强,赵伟. MATLAB数据处理与应用[M].国防工业出版社, 2001.
50李波. Access 2003实用教程[M].西安电子科技大学出版社, 2005.
51李世雄.小波变换及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1997.
52 Mallat S., Liang Hwang W. Singularity Detection and Processing with Wavelets IEEE Trans, IT., 1992, 38 (2): 4～261.
53王通.基于激励响应的输油管道泄漏检测技术研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文, 2005: 2～77.
54高志明,宋诗哲等.基于小波分析和神经网络的埋地钢质管道外覆盖层现场检测与评价方法[J].化工学报, 2004, 55(5): 753～756.
55周琰.分布式光纤管道安全检测技术研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文, 2006.
56 Dr. J. M. Leeds, J.Winski. Modified Analysis Method Help Coating Fault[J], Pipeline & Gas Industry, 2000(3): 25～30.
57徐大清.基于小波分析的损伤检测研究及管道应用.大连理工大学硕士学位论文, 2004: 2～53.
58 J. M. Leeds. Recommended Practice For ECDA Exhibits Some Confusion[J]. Pipeline & Gas Journal, 2006 (6): 48～50.
59 NACE Standard RP0502-2002, Pipeline External Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology.
60 J. M. Leeds, S. S. Leeds. Understanding Voltage Surveys Results in Reliable Coating Data[J]. Pipeline & Gas Industry, 2001 (3): 25～31.
61左延田,沈功田,曾鸣.在用埋地管道不开挖检测技术[J].无损检测,2006,28(4):203～219.
62赖广森,廖宇平,李嘉等.埋地管道防腐层缺陷地面检测技术最新进展[J].管道技术与设备, 1999(6): 34～36.
2李健.埋地管道防腐层缺陷检测技术的研究[D],天津大学, 2000.
3 A shworth V , Booker C J L .Cathodic Protection- theory and practice[M]. Ellis Horwood Limited, 1986, 31～36.
4王为民.国内外石油管道输送技术发展综述[J].管道技术与设备, 1997 (4): 4～8.
5 Pan Jiahua. The Development of China's Long-Distance Pipeline Industry[J]. Pipe and Pipelines Intenrational; 1984 (9): 97～99.
6 Furness.R.A. Development in Pipeline Instrumentation,Measurement and Control[J]. 1987, 20(1): 7~15.
7 M. Andrei, F.di Gabriele, P.L. Bonora. Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Sacrificial Anodes in Tap Water[J]. Materials and Corrosion, 2003, 54: 5～11.
8 A. Pijnacker Hordijk and B. vander Velde .New maintenance Philosophy to incorporate DCVG technique. Pipeline & Gas Industry. 1996 (3): 12～18.
9郭明.阴极保护技术的研究与应用[D],大庆石油学院, 2006.
10胡士信.阴极保护工程手册,北京:化学工业出版社[M], 2000.
11 Fessler R R,Markworth A J, Parkins R N. Cathodic Protection Levels under Disbonded Coatings, Corrosion /82(NACE), Houston, 1982, 119.
12 SY/0420-97埋地钢质管道石油沥青防腐层技术标准.
13 SY/T0447-96埋地钢质管道环氧煤沥青外覆盖层技术标准.
14陈世利.埋地管道防腐层缺陷检测与评价技术研究[D].天津:天津大学博士论文, 2003
15 SY/T 0019-1997埋地钢质管道牺牲阳极阴极保护设计规范.
16 SY/T 0095-2000埋地镁牺牲阳极试样试验室评价的试验方法.
17 Dr. J. M. Leed, S. S. Leeds. Operators Misled By Mislabeled Aboveground Survey Methods, Pipe Coating Surveys, 2004(9): 32～38
18李相怡,翁永基.阴极保护电位分布数学模型的研究及其应用[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术, 1998, 10(2): 63～69.
19 M.V.K.Chari, P.P.Silvester.电磁场问题的有限元解法[M],科学出版社出版, 1985.
20 LEEDS J M, GRAPIGLIA J. The DC Voltage Gradient Gethod for Accurate Delineation of Coating Defects on Buried Pipelines. Corrosion Prevention&Control, 1995: 77～86.
21 P.P.Silvester, R.L.Ferrari.有限元法在电气工程中的应用[M],浙江大学出版社出版, 1996.
22 P.P.Silvester, R.L.Ferrari.电工中的有限元法[M],科学出版社出版, 1988.
23许海峰,辛慧源. ANSYS软件对电机磁场的分析[J],电子与封装, 2003, 10(3): 48～50.
24王世山,王德林,李彦明.大型有限元软件ANSYS在电磁领域的使用[J],高压电器, 2002, 38(6): 27～33.
25米琪等.管道腐蚀手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社, 1994.
26 E.Santana Diaz, R.Adey. Optimising the Location of Anodes in Cathodic Protection Systems to Smooth Potential Distribution[J]. Advance in Engineering Software, 2005 (36): 591～598.
27王长勇.基于阴极保护的埋地钢质管道外覆盖层缺陷检测与评价方法研究[D],北京工业大学, 2007.
28 GB 6830-1986电信线路遭受强电线路危险影响的容许值.
29 SY/T0032-2000埋地钢质管道交流排流保护技术标准.
30 GB /T 6682-1992分析实验室用水规格和试验方法.
31 GB /T 12336-1990腐蚀数据统计分析标准方法.
32 GB /T 13671-1992不锈钢缝隙腐蚀电化学试验方法.
33 GB/T 19285-2003埋地钢质管道腐蚀防护工程检验.
34 SY/T0037-1997管道防腐层阴极剥离试验方法.
35 SY/T 0029-98埋地钢质检查片腐蚀速率测试方法.
36 GB/T 17731-2004镁合金牺牲阳极.
37 SYJ 4006-90长输管道阴极保护工程施工及验收规范.
38 SY/T0023-97埋地钢质管道阴极保护参数测试方法.
39 SY/T0036-2000埋地钢质管道强制电流阴极保护设计规范.
40 SY/T6063-1994防腐绝缘层电阻率现场测量技术规范.
41 SYJ4020-88埋地钢质管道石油沥青防腐层施工及验收规范.
42 SY0087.1-2006管道外腐蚀直接评价.
43 H.H.尤里克, R.W.瑞维亚.腐蚀与腐蚀控制[M],石油工业出版社, 1990
44 M. Andrei, F.di Gabriele, P.L. Bonora. Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Sacrificial Anodes in Tap Water[J], Materials and Corrosion, 2003, 54: 5～11.
45曹楚南.腐蚀电化学原理-第二版[M],化学工业出版社. 1990
46郑小平. Visual C#.NET开发实践[M].人民邮电出版社. 2001.
47夏普,贾格尔. Microsoft Visual C#.NET程序设计[M].北京大学出版社, 2002.
48周伟. MATLAB小波分析高级技术[M].西安电子科技大学出版社, 2006.
49李强,赵伟. MATLAB数据处理与应用[M].国防工业出版社, 2001.
50李波. Access 2003实用教程[M].西安电子科技大学出版社, 2005.
51李世雄.小波变换及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1997.
52 Mallat S., Liang Hwang W. Singularity Detection and Processing with Wavelets IEEE Trans, IT., 1992, 38 (2): 4～261.
53王通.基于激励响应的输油管道泄漏检测技术研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文, 2005: 2～77.
54高志明,宋诗哲等.基于小波分析和神经网络的埋地钢质管道外覆盖层现场检测与评价方法[J].化工学报, 2004, 55(5): 753～756.
55周琰.分布式光纤管道安全检测技术研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文, 2006.
56 Dr. J. M. Leeds, J.Winski. Modified Analysis Method Help Coating Fault[J], Pipeline & Gas Industry, 2000(3): 25～30.
57徐大清.基于小波分析的损伤检测研究及管道应用.大连理工大学硕士学位论文, 2004: 2～53.
58 J. M. Leeds. Recommended Practice For ECDA Exhibits Some Confusion[J]. Pipeline & Gas Journal, 2006 (6): 48～50.
59 NACE Standard RP0502-2002, Pipeline External Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology.
60 J. M. Leeds, S. S. Leeds. Understanding Voltage Surveys Results in Reliable Coating Data[J]. Pipeline & Gas Industry, 2001 (3): 25～31.
61左延田,沈功田,曾鸣.在用埋地管道不开挖检测技术[J].无损检测,2006,28(4):203～219.
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