盐碱胁迫对植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
土壤盐碱化和次生盐碱化问题在世界范围内广泛存在,特别是干旱、半干旱地区,问题更为严重。土壤盐碱化和次生盐碱化问题,已经成为世界灌溉农业可持续发展的资源制约因素。国内外学者对植物耐盐碱性的研究,对增强植物耐盐性、提高植物萌发率和改善盐碱地区生态环境起到了重要作用,目前在该领域的研究把高浓度Na~+毒害效应和高pH归为盐胁迫的两大因素,所以综合治理盐渍土、提高植物的耐盐性、开发利用盐生植物,合理利用盐碱地是我们面临的重大问题。为了研究盐生植物的耐盐碱性,改善盐渍土壤,选择了具有代表性和普遍性的三种盐生植物为研究对象,对种子的萌发率和幼苗的根长、茎长、叶绿素、脯氨酸以及幼苗体内的离子等各项指标进行了测定,并且运用STATISTICA6.0软件进行分析,找出污染程度和指标变化之间的关系。
本实验分为两部分。第一部分为盐碱胁迫实验:选择盐生植物—芨芨草、苦豆子、紫花苜蓿为研究对象,在实验室模拟植物生长生境的方法,选取最主要的中性盐分(NaCl)和碱性盐分(Na_2CO_3)作为实验试剂,研究和揭示复合盐碱胁迫对植物种子的萌发和生长初期生理指标的影响以及对无机离子的累积效应。通过设置不同浓度梯度的中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na_2CO_3)复合溶液,进行盐碱胁迫实验。每隔24小时记录一次萌发数。测量所有萌发种子的根长和茎长,按照试验标准方法对叶绿素、脯氨酸、钠离子和氯离子进行测定,进而推断盐分对植物萌发和生长的影响。
实验结果表明:低浓度的NaCl溶液单独作用可以促进种子的萌发。随着复合盐碱的浓度增加会不同程度的抑制种子的萌发。混合盐碱胁迫对茎和根生长的影响与对萌发率的影响是一致的,低浓度的盐碱促进植物根和茎的生长,高浓度则抑制生长。芨芨草、紫花苜蓿和苦豆子在盐胁迫下,以将盐分限于局部区域(根部)的方式来维持地上部的低盐水平,有利于增大地上部和根部的渗透势差,促进水分从根部向地上部的运输。植株中各离子含量为Na~+＞Cl~-,不同器官内离子含量为根＞茎。随着复合盐碱的浓度增加,污染加重,导致叶片内叶绿素含量的减少,脯氨酸含量的增加。以上结论对优选耐盐碱植物有很重要的意义。
第二部分的实验是用不同浓度的NaCl和CaCl_2混合溶液作为培养液,模拟了不同浓度梯度的盐分条件对芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)和紫花苜蓿(Medicagv sativa)三种盐生植物的萌发率、根长、茎长等生长指标的影响,以及钙对盐毒害的缓解效应。本文还测定了受试植物根、茎中钠钙离子含量,旨在揭示盐生植物对钠钙的吸收及不同部位的累积和培养液浓度的关系。
结果表明:NaCl处理使得种子的萌发率、根长和茎长降低,并随着NaCl浓度上升,抑制作用增强。芨芨草、苦豆子和紫花苜蓿均在高浓度NaCl处理时各项指标的抑制作用最强。随着钙浓度的增大缓解效果增强。通过电感耦合等离子发射仪分别测定了以上三种植物根、茎中钠钙离子含量发现:植物根茎中钠离子含量随着钙浓度增加而增加,而根茎中钙离子含量下降。研究结果可以为改善盐渍土壤,合理利用盐生植物提供理论和实践依据。
Salina is abroad in the world these years,especially in drought and semiarid aera.The problem is a restrict factor in agricultural irrigation of the world.The study of the durable to saline-alkali stress of the plant is an important effect to improve the seed germination.High pH and high concentration of Na~+ are two factors to saline stress.In order to improve salina, three kinds of halophytic seeds were tested,and the seed germination,root length,shoot length,chlorophyll contents,proline contents,and ions in plant were measured.Then the data was analyzed by STATISTICA 6.0 software.
The experiment was divided into two parts.The first part was the effect of saline-alkali stress on seed germination.The seeds of Achnatherum splendens,Sophora alopecuroides and Medicagv sativa were selected and placed in NaCl and Na_2CO_3 pollution.Then the germination and growth indexes were observed.For every 24 hours the numbers of the germination seeds were noted,root length and shoot length were tested,chlorophyll contents, proline contents,and ions were measured using standard means.So it could conclude the effect of saline and alkali stress on seed germination and seedling growth.
The experiment showed,saline-alkali stress restricted seed germination rate,root length and shoot length.With the increase of NaCl and Na_2CO_3 concentration,the restrained degree was increased obviously.The content of Na~+ was higher than CI~-,the ions in root was higher than shoot.With the increase of NaCl and Na_2CO_3 concentration the chlorophyll contents were decreased,proline contents were increased.
The second part of the experiment was the alleviatory effect of CaCl_2 on seed germination at the NaCl stress.The seeds of Achnatherum splendens,Sophora alopecuroides and Medicagv sativa were treated with these solutions and the effect of saline stress on seeds germination rate,root length and shoot length were studied in this paper.The alleviatory effects of Ca~(2+) on saline stress were also studied.The content of Na~+ and Ca~(2+) in the root and shoot of these plant were measured,the aim was to explain the correlation of ion content between plant treatment solutions.
The result showed that seed germination and seedling growth indexes were lowered with the increase of NaCl concentration,the restrained degree was increased obviously.All the indexes were restrained mostly at the high concentration of NaCl respectively of Achnatherum splendens,Sophora alopecuroides and Medicagv sativa.The paper also found that adding Ca~(2+) to NaCl treatment could alleviate saline stress.Na~+ and Ca~(2+) content in shoot and root of these plants were measured by ICP,the result showed that Na~+ content increased with the salt content of treatment solutions,while Ca~(2+) content decreased.In general,the content of ions was in the order:Na~+＞Ca~(2+),while ions content in root was higher that in shoot.
本实验分为两部分。第一部分为盐碱胁迫实验:选择盐生植物—芨芨草、苦豆子、紫花苜蓿为研究对象,在实验室模拟植物生长生境的方法,选取最主要的中性盐分(NaCl)和碱性盐分(Na_2CO_3)作为实验试剂,研究和揭示复合盐碱胁迫对植物种子的萌发和生长初期生理指标的影响以及对无机离子的累积效应。通过设置不同浓度梯度的中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na_2CO_3)复合溶液,进行盐碱胁迫实验。每隔24小时记录一次萌发数。测量所有萌发种子的根长和茎长,按照试验标准方法对叶绿素、脯氨酸、钠离子和氯离子进行测定,进而推断盐分对植物萌发和生长的影响。
实验结果表明:低浓度的NaCl溶液单独作用可以促进种子的萌发。随着复合盐碱的浓度增加会不同程度的抑制种子的萌发。混合盐碱胁迫对茎和根生长的影响与对萌发率的影响是一致的,低浓度的盐碱促进植物根和茎的生长,高浓度则抑制生长。芨芨草、紫花苜蓿和苦豆子在盐胁迫下,以将盐分限于局部区域(根部)的方式来维持地上部的低盐水平,有利于增大地上部和根部的渗透势差,促进水分从根部向地上部的运输。植株中各离子含量为Na~+＞Cl~-,不同器官内离子含量为根＞茎。随着复合盐碱的浓度增加,污染加重,导致叶片内叶绿素含量的减少,脯氨酸含量的增加。以上结论对优选耐盐碱植物有很重要的意义。
第二部分的实验是用不同浓度的NaCl和CaCl_2混合溶液作为培养液,模拟了不同浓度梯度的盐分条件对芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)和紫花苜蓿(Medicagv sativa)三种盐生植物的萌发率、根长、茎长等生长指标的影响,以及钙对盐毒害的缓解效应。本文还测定了受试植物根、茎中钠钙离子含量,旨在揭示盐生植物对钠钙的吸收及不同部位的累积和培养液浓度的关系。
结果表明:NaCl处理使得种子的萌发率、根长和茎长降低,并随着NaCl浓度上升,抑制作用增强。芨芨草、苦豆子和紫花苜蓿均在高浓度NaCl处理时各项指标的抑制作用最强。随着钙浓度的增大缓解效果增强。通过电感耦合等离子发射仪分别测定了以上三种植物根、茎中钠钙离子含量发现:植物根茎中钠离子含量随着钙浓度增加而增加,而根茎中钙离子含量下降。研究结果可以为改善盐渍土壤,合理利用盐生植物提供理论和实践依据。
Salina is abroad in the world these years,especially in drought and semiarid aera.The problem is a restrict factor in agricultural irrigation of the world.The study of the durable to saline-alkali stress of the plant is an important effect to improve the seed germination.High pH and high concentration of Na~+ are two factors to saline stress.In order to improve salina, three kinds of halophytic seeds were tested,and the seed germination,root length,shoot length,chlorophyll contents,proline contents,and ions in plant were measured.Then the data was analyzed by STATISTICA 6.0 software.
The experiment was divided into two parts.The first part was the effect of saline-alkali stress on seed germination.The seeds of Achnatherum splendens,Sophora alopecuroides and Medicagv sativa were selected and placed in NaCl and Na_2CO_3 pollution.Then the germination and growth indexes were observed.For every 24 hours the numbers of the germination seeds were noted,root length and shoot length were tested,chlorophyll contents, proline contents,and ions were measured using standard means.So it could conclude the effect of saline and alkali stress on seed germination and seedling growth.
The experiment showed,saline-alkali stress restricted seed germination rate,root length and shoot length.With the increase of NaCl and Na_2CO_3 concentration,the restrained degree was increased obviously.The content of Na~+ was higher than CI~-,the ions in root was higher than shoot.With the increase of NaCl and Na_2CO_3 concentration the chlorophyll contents were decreased,proline contents were increased.
The second part of the experiment was the alleviatory effect of CaCl_2 on seed germination at the NaCl stress.The seeds of Achnatherum splendens,Sophora alopecuroides and Medicagv sativa were treated with these solutions and the effect of saline stress on seeds germination rate,root length and shoot length were studied in this paper.The alleviatory effects of Ca~(2+) on saline stress were also studied.The content of Na~+ and Ca~(2+) in the root and shoot of these plant were measured,the aim was to explain the correlation of ion content between plant treatment solutions.
The result showed that seed germination and seedling growth indexes were lowered with the increase of NaCl concentration,the restrained degree was increased obviously.All the indexes were restrained mostly at the high concentration of NaCl respectively of Achnatherum splendens,Sophora alopecuroides and Medicagv sativa.The paper also found that adding Ca~(2+) to NaCl treatment could alleviate saline stress.Na~+ and Ca~(2+) content in shoot and root of these plants were measured by ICP,the result showed that Na~+ content increased with the salt content of treatment solutions,while Ca~(2+) content decreased.In general,the content of ions was in the order:Na~+＞Ca~(2+),while ions content in root was higher that in shoot.
引文
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