甘肃省干旱灌区苜蓿地土壤镰刀菌致病性研究
|
摘要
针对近年来苜蓿镰刀菌根腐病普遍发生并逐年加重的现状,本试验以甘肃农业大学苜蓿试验田土壤镰刀菌为研究对象,在前期土壤镰刀菌的分离、鉴定工作完成的基础上进行了致病性测定、接种不同致病性镰刀菌后苜蓿酶活性测定及不同作物上镰刀菌致病性测定等试验,为今后生防菌株的筛选提供依据。
通过在品种德宝上的致病性测定一共得到16个强致病性菌株:其中茄病镰孢(F.solani)4个、尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum)6个、砖红镰孢(F.lateritum)1个、黄色镰孢(F.culmorum)1个、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)1个、雪腐镰孢(F.nivale)1个、拟丝孢镰孢(F.trichothecioides)2个;23个中等强度致病性菌株:茄病镰孢(F.solani)8个、尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum)3个、砖红镰孢(F.lateritum)8个、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)1个、三线镰孢(F.tricinctum)1个、潮湿镰孢(F.udum)1个、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)1个。致病性测定共筛选出12个非致病性菌株:茄病镰孢(F.solani)4个、尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum)4个、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)2个、砖红镰孢(F.lateritum)1个、黄色镰孢(F.culmorum)1个、串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme)1个。
接种致病性不同的镰刀菌后苜蓿酶活性的变化情况也不相同;通过试验发现各接种镰刀菌后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)酶活高峰接种后9d出现,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活高峰在接种后6d到达。接种强致病性菌株的苜蓿酶活变化幅度远大于接种非致病性菌株的苜蓿。
对在品种德宝上表现为非致病性的12个菌株和随机选取的10个致病性菌株在苜蓿品种德福、玉米、小麦、胡麻、小扁豆、萝卜6种作物上分别进行致病性测定,12个非致病性菌株中只有少数菌株在个别作物品种上表现出强致病性或中等强度致病性,如:茄病镰孢3号在小扁豆品种定选1号上表现强致病性;尖孢镰孢1在小扁豆品种定选1号、茄病镰孢3在胡麻品种陇亚七号上表现为中等强度的致病性,但多数菌株在供试作物品种上表现为弱致病性或非致病性,所以可以用于以后生防菌株的筛选研究。
Fusarium root rot of Alfalfa, a kind of soil-brone disease, became more and more serious in the alfalfa-planting areas of Gansu, China. The Fusarium spp were obtained from the soil samples of alfalfa experiment field in campus of Gansu Agriculture University. Then the pathogenicity of Fusarium spp, enzyme activity after inoculation with different Fusarium and the pathogenicity of Fusarium isolates on different crops varieties were tested. So they can be used for biocontrol in the future.
16 strong pathogenic isolates, 23 middle pathogenic isolates and 12no-pathogenic isolates were obtained. Strong pathogenic isolates were 4 strains of F.solani, 6 strains of F.oxysporium, 1 strains of F.culmorum, 1 strains of F.nivala,1 strains of F.lateritium, 1 strains of F.semitectium, 2 strains of F.trichothecioides; 23 middle pathogenic isolates were 8 strains of F.soalni, 3 strains of F.oxysporium, 8 strains of F.lateritium, 1 strains of F.equiseti, 1 strains of F.tricinctium, 1 strains of F.udum, 1 strains of F.semitectium; 12 no-pathogenic isolates were 4 strains of F.solani, 4 strains of F.oxysporium, 2 strains of F.equiseti, 1 strains of F.lateritium, 1 strains of F.culmorum, 1 strains of F.moniliforme.
The activities of enzyme were different after inoculated with different Fusarium spp ; The results showed that variations of enzyme activities of POD,PPO,PAL,CAT and SOD were closely related to the pathogenicity of Fusarium spp after inoculation; The maximum value of CAT content was appeared after 6d inoculation, the maximum value of SOD, POD,PPO,PAL content was appeared after 9d inoculation. Moreover, the strong pathogenic strains value of enzyme content after inoculated were much higher than that of no-pathogenic strains.
The 12 no-pathogenic isolates on Derby showed a little different pathogenicity on other 6 crops. a little part showed strong pathogenicity or middle pathogenicity.But most of them were the weak or no-pathogenicity.
通过在品种德宝上的致病性测定一共得到16个强致病性菌株:其中茄病镰孢(F.solani)4个、尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum)6个、砖红镰孢(F.lateritum)1个、黄色镰孢(F.culmorum)1个、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)1个、雪腐镰孢(F.nivale)1个、拟丝孢镰孢(F.trichothecioides)2个;23个中等强度致病性菌株:茄病镰孢(F.solani)8个、尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum)3个、砖红镰孢(F.lateritum)8个、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)1个、三线镰孢(F.tricinctum)1个、潮湿镰孢(F.udum)1个、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)1个。致病性测定共筛选出12个非致病性菌株:茄病镰孢(F.solani)4个、尖孢镰孢(F.oxysporum)4个、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)2个、砖红镰孢(F.lateritum)1个、黄色镰孢(F.culmorum)1个、串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme)1个。
接种致病性不同的镰刀菌后苜蓿酶活性的变化情况也不相同;通过试验发现各接种镰刀菌后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)酶活高峰接种后9d出现,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活高峰在接种后6d到达。接种强致病性菌株的苜蓿酶活变化幅度远大于接种非致病性菌株的苜蓿。
对在品种德宝上表现为非致病性的12个菌株和随机选取的10个致病性菌株在苜蓿品种德福、玉米、小麦、胡麻、小扁豆、萝卜6种作物上分别进行致病性测定,12个非致病性菌株中只有少数菌株在个别作物品种上表现出强致病性或中等强度致病性,如:茄病镰孢3号在小扁豆品种定选1号上表现强致病性;尖孢镰孢1在小扁豆品种定选1号、茄病镰孢3在胡麻品种陇亚七号上表现为中等强度的致病性,但多数菌株在供试作物品种上表现为弱致病性或非致病性,所以可以用于以后生防菌株的筛选研究。
Fusarium root rot of Alfalfa, a kind of soil-brone disease, became more and more serious in the alfalfa-planting areas of Gansu, China. The Fusarium spp were obtained from the soil samples of alfalfa experiment field in campus of Gansu Agriculture University. Then the pathogenicity of Fusarium spp, enzyme activity after inoculation with different Fusarium and the pathogenicity of Fusarium isolates on different crops varieties were tested. So they can be used for biocontrol in the future.
16 strong pathogenic isolates, 23 middle pathogenic isolates and 12no-pathogenic isolates were obtained. Strong pathogenic isolates were 4 strains of F.solani, 6 strains of F.oxysporium, 1 strains of F.culmorum, 1 strains of F.nivala,1 strains of F.lateritium, 1 strains of F.semitectium, 2 strains of F.trichothecioides; 23 middle pathogenic isolates were 8 strains of F.soalni, 3 strains of F.oxysporium, 8 strains of F.lateritium, 1 strains of F.equiseti, 1 strains of F.tricinctium, 1 strains of F.udum, 1 strains of F.semitectium; 12 no-pathogenic isolates were 4 strains of F.solani, 4 strains of F.oxysporium, 2 strains of F.equiseti, 1 strains of F.lateritium, 1 strains of F.culmorum, 1 strains of F.moniliforme.
The activities of enzyme were different after inoculated with different Fusarium spp ; The results showed that variations of enzyme activities of POD,PPO,PAL,CAT and SOD were closely related to the pathogenicity of Fusarium spp after inoculation; The maximum value of CAT content was appeared after 6d inoculation, the maximum value of SOD, POD,PPO,PAL content was appeared after 9d inoculation. Moreover, the strong pathogenic strains value of enzyme content after inoculated were much higher than that of no-pathogenic strains.
The 12 no-pathogenic isolates on Derby showed a little different pathogenicity on other 6 crops. a little part showed strong pathogenicity or middle pathogenicity.But most of them were the weak or no-pathogenicity.
引文
1. 陈继团.毛竹新病害—幼竹(笋)杆基腐烂发生原因的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1982,(2):54～60.
2. 陈立锋,宁玉立,徐雍皋等.抗感赤霉病小麦品种超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性比较[J].植物病理学报,1997,27(3):209～312.
3. 陈庆河,翁启勇,何玉仙等.福建省豌豆根腐病病原及致病性研究[J].福建农业学报,2004,19(1):28～31.
4. 陈宗泽等.连作大豆土壤病原菌的分离及其致病性的研究[J].吉林农业科学,1999,24(2):36～39.
5. 陈雅君,刘学敏等.紫花苜蓿根腐病的研究进展[J].中国草地,2000,18(1):51～56.
6. 陈继团.毛竹新病害—幼竹(笋)杆基腐烂发生原因的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1982,(2):54～60.
7. 方中达.植病研究法[M](第三版),1998,农业出版社.
8. 葛秀春,宋凤鸣,郑重.稻瘟病菌侵染后水稻幼苗活性氧化的产生与抗病性的关系[J].植物生理学报,2000,26(3):227～231.
9. 胡瑞波,田纪春.小麦多酚氧化酶研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(1):81～85.
10. 侯天爵.我国苜蓿病害发生现状及防治对策[J].内蒙古草业,1994(3):4～8.
11. 蒋冬花.荸荠枯萎病—浙江省一种荸荠新病害[J].植物病理学报,1988,18(4):197～202.
12. 蒋选利等.过氧化物酶与植物抗病性研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2001,29(6):124～129.
13. 贾延祥,刘传德.小麦根腐镰刀菌鉴定及其生物防治特征[J].植物保护学报,1995,22(3):259～264.
14. 贾 延 祥 , 吴 桂 本 , 刘 传 德 . 我 国 小 麦 根 腐 性 病 害 研 究 现 状 及 防 治 对 策 [J]. 中 国 农 业 科学,1995,28(3):41～48.
15. 李敏权.2002 苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原及种质抗病性研究博士论文[D].甘肃农业大学博士论文.
16. 李敏权,张自和,柴兆祥,李金花,董云霞,张丽萍.定西地区苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病的研究[J].草地学报,2003,11(1):83～86.
17. 李敏权.苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原致病性及品种抗病性研究[J] .中国草地,2003,25:39～43.
18. 李敏权,柴兆祥,李金花,董云霞,张自和.定西地区苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原研究[J].草地学报,2003,11(1):83～86.
19. 李敏权,柴兆祥,李金花,董云霞,张自和.定西地区苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原研究[J].中国植物病理学会 2002 年年会论文摘要.
20. 李君彦,张硕成.提前接种非致病镰刀菌防治西瓜枯萎试验[J].生物防治通报,1990,6(4):165～169.
21. 李霞,王云月,朱有勇,姬广海,杨静.香荚兰根腐病主要病原的生防因子作用比较[J].热带农业科技.2003,26(2):1～3.
22. 李亚玲,龙书生等.玉米感染禾谷镰刀菌后 PAL、POD 活性和同工酶谱的变化[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(11):27～31.
23. 梁晨,吕国忠.辽宁省农田作物根围的真菌[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002～06,33(3):185～187.
24. 梁晨.辽宁省农田土壤真菌区系及分类研究[D].2002.沈阳农业大学.
25. 林雁冰,薛泉宏等.旱地不同栽培模式及施氮量对小麦根区土壤微生物区系的影响[J].西北农业学报 2005,14(2):38～43.
26. 林清洪.厚朴苗根腐病研究[J].福建林学院学报,1989,9(4):357～361.
27. 罗新义,李红.苜蓿在节粮畜牧业中的地位与作用[J].黑龙江畜牧科技.1994(1):47～49.
28. 罗虹,刘鹏,徐根娣.铝对土壤微生物区系组成的影响[J].生态环境,2004, 13(1):11～13.
29. 逯明辉等.冷害过程中黄瓜叶片 SOD、CAT 和 POD 活性的变化[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(8):70～
73.
30. 刘剔若等.小麦根腐病中国农业百科全书—植物病理学卷[M].北京:农业出版社,1996.
31. 刘萍.2004 基于 GIS 的成都平原土壤真菌区系及空间变异研究[D].四川农业大学硕士论文.
32. 刘映良,熊应鸿,谢双喜,丁贵杰.11 年生马尾松土壤微生物区系研究[J].山地农业生物学报2005,24(3):199～204.
33. 刘子雄,朱天辉.不同退耕还林模式下土壤微生物区系分析[J].南京林业大学学报 2005.29(4):45～48.
34. 马秉元等.陕西关中地区玉米青枯病病原菌及其致病性研究[J].植物病理学报,1985,9(7)49～52.
35. 南志标.豆科牧草根腐病[J].国外畜牧学—草原与牧草,1991,(2):5～11.
36. 南志标.建立中国的牧草病害可持续管理体系[J].草业科学,2000,9(2):1～9.
37. 王小彬,蔡典雄.液膜覆盖对旱地小麦种植体系土壤微生物区系的影响[J].土壤学报 2005(7):692～695.
38. 王敬文等.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅱ[J].植物生理学报,1982,8(1):34～41.
39. 魏景超.真菌鉴定手册[M].1978,上海科技出版社.
40. 吴光坚.油桐枯萎病研究[J].东北林学院学报,1982,(1):20～30.
41. 吴铁航,李振高.土壤微生物在持续农业中的作用与应用前景[J].土壤学进展,1995,23(4):29～30.
42. 吴营昌等.利用弱致病菌株诱导黄瓜抗枯萎病研究[J].河南农业大学学报. 1991.25( 4 )433～437.
43. 谢卿楣.麻竹枯萎病的研究[J].福建林学院学报,1987,7(4):15～21.
44. 徐诚蛟,徐凤花,夏清梅,国洪艳,张苗.抗生-促生多功能菌剂对稻田土壤微生物区系及氮素转化的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报.1998,17(1):27～30.
45. 杨芳.川西亚高山森林土壤微生物和酶活性分布特征研究[D].2004,西南农业大学.
46. 杨涛,张贵锋,关天舒.黄瓜、甜瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌人工诱变非致病菌系筛选及其生防应用研究[J].辽宁农业科学 2001(4):11～13.
47. 杨家书等.植物苯丙酸类代谢与小麦白粉病抗性的关系[J].植物病理学报,1986,16(3):169～173.
48. 叶鹏盛,李琼芳,江怀仲.利用木霉防治丹参根腐病的研究[J].四川农业大学学报.21(2):142～144.
49. 燕嗣皇,陆德清,杨雨环.木霉防治辣椒枯萎病应用技术研究[J].贵州农业科学 1999,27(5):1～4.
50. 严林,梅洁人.青海省紫花苜蓿病虫种类及害虫天敌的调查[J].植物保护. 1994,11(4):14~18.
51. 郑是琳等.利用非致病性尖镰抱霉诱导蕃茄抗枯萎病研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1992,23(4):411～
413.
52. 张中义,冷怀琼,张志铭等.植物病原真菌学[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社 1988,376～348.
53. 张乃明,董艳.施肥与设施栽培措施对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].生态环境.2004, 13(1):61～62.
54. 张淑珍.大豆疫霉根腐病菌毒素及其诱导抗性机制的研究[D].2002,东北农业大学博士论文.
55. 张琴芳,代光辉,顾振芳等.非致病性镰刀菌菌株 47 对番茄枯萎病的防治效果[J].上海交通大学学报.2004.22(1):17～21.
56. 张志铭,刘信义等.亚麻枯萎病菌鉴定[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(2):16～17.
57. 宗兆锋,杨之为等.非致病尖孢镰刀菌抗药菌株的诱导[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(1):43～46.
58. Anderson J P. Domsch K H .Quantification of bacterial and fungal contribution to soil respire action [J] Arch.Microbial,1973:113～127.
59. Balmas V, Corda P, Marcello A,et al. Fusarium nygamai associated with Fusarium foot rot of rice in Sardinia[J].Plant Disease,2000,84:807.
60. Belisario A, Forti E, Corazza L. Collar and root rot of walnut trees,associated with Fusarium solani[J]. Petria,1999,9(3):277～282.
61. Biles,C.L.and Martyn.R.D.1989.local and systermic resistance induced in watermelon by speciales of Fusarium oxysporum[J].Phytopathology 79:856～860.
62. Bissett J ,Parkinson D. The distribution of fungi in some alpine soil[J].Can.J.Bot, 1979, 57 :1609～1629.
63. Buttler F C .Root and foot diseases of wheat[J].Aust Sci Bull,1961,(77):98～104.
64. C.Booth.The genus Fusarium [M]1971,London,CMI.press.
65. Chen Wenshaw,Chiu Chienchih,Liu hoyih,etal.Gene transfer via Pollen tubepathway for anti-Fusarium wilt in watermelon [J].Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International.1998,46(6):1201～1209.
66. Christensen M,. A mew of Fungal Ecology. Mycological, 1989(81):I7～19.
67. Cucuzza J D,Watterson J C. Root rot of tomato caused by Fusarium solani in California[J]. Plant Disease,1992,76(1):101.
68. Gossen B D. Field response of alfalfa to harvest frequency, cultivar crown pathogens, and soil fertility:Ⅱcrown rot [J]. Agronomy Journal, 1994, 86(1):88～93.
69. Hawn E J. Studies on the epidemiology of crown bud rot of alfalfa in Southern Alberta [J]. Can. J. Botany. 1958, 36:239～250.
70. Hammerschmidt R,Lamport D T A,Muldoom.E P. Cell wall hydroxyproline enhancement and lignin deposition as early event in the resistance of cucumber to Cladosporium cucumerinum [J].Physiological Plant Pathology,1984,24(1):43～47.
71. Hammerschmidt R,Kuc J.Lignification as a mechanism for induced systemic resistance in cucumber[J].Physiological Plant Pathology,1982,20:61～71.
72. Harveson R M, Rush C M, Evaluation of Fumigation and rhizomania-tolerant cultivars for control of a root disease complex of sugar beets[J].Plant Disease,1994,78:1197～1202.
73. Kjoller A, Struwe S, 1982.Microfungi in ecosystems:Fungal occurrence and Activity in Litter and Soil. Oikos, 39:391～422.
74. Larkin,R.P.,Hopkins,D.L.,and Martin,M.N.Supression of Fusarium wilt of watermelon by nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporium and other microorganism recovered from a disease suppressive soil[J].Phytopathology,1996,86:812～819.
75. Larkin,R.P.,Fravel,D.R.Efficacy of various fungal ang bacterial biocontrol organisms control of Fusarium wilt of tomato [J].Plant Dis., 1998,82:1022～1028.
76. Lester W Burgess.Laboratory manual for Fusarium research.[M].1994
77. Leath K T, Kendall W A. Fusarium root rot of forage species: Pathogenicity and host range [J]. Phytopathology . 1978. 68:826～831.
78. Martyn,R.D.1985.Differential cross protection of watermelon to fusarium wilt by related formae speciales.(Abstr.).Phytopathology 75:1304
79. Martyn R D, Rush C M, Biles L L,et al.Etiology of a root rot disease of sugar beet in texas [J]. PlantDisease,1989,73:879～884.
80. Mcclure.T.T.1951.Fusarium root rot of sweet potato spouts[J].Phytopathology.41:72～77.
81. Nadolny, L. and L.Sequeira.1980,Physiol.Plant Pathol.16:1～8.
82. Ogawa,K.&Komada,H.1985.Biological of Fusarium wilt of sweet potato with nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology 19:20～25.
83. Padaganur G M, Kachapur M R, Naik K S,et al. Hibiscus sabdariffa L, a new host to Fusarium solani(Mart) Sace[J]. Plant Pathology Newsletter,1988,6:1～2.
84. Paulitz,J.C.Park,C.S.andBaker.R.1987.Biologicalcontrol of Fusarium willt of cucumber with Nonpathogenic Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum. Can. [J]. microbiology. 33:349～353.
85. Rathnamma K, Khan A N A, Farooqui A A, et al. Root-rot of garden rue(Ruta graveolens L.) caused by Fusarium solani(Mart) Sacc.emend Synder and Hansen-a new record[J].Advances in Plant Science Research in India,1999,9:41～48.
86. Ranzoni F V.Fungul Community :Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem[M]. Marcel Dekker Inc.1981,37～46.
87. Stuteville DL,Erwin DC.Compendium of alfalfa disease (2nd edition) [M].APS. Press,1991.43～44.
88. Turner V, van Alfen N K. Crown rot of alfalfa in Utah [J]. Phytopathology . 1983,73:1333～1337.
89. Uddin W, Knous T R. Fusarium species associated with crown rot of alfalfa in Nevada [J]. Plant Dis. 1991, 75(1):51～55.
90. Yan Wenzhao et al. 1985,Acta Phytopathological Sinica,15(4):193.
2. 陈立锋,宁玉立,徐雍皋等.抗感赤霉病小麦品种超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性比较[J].植物病理学报,1997,27(3):209～312.
3. 陈庆河,翁启勇,何玉仙等.福建省豌豆根腐病病原及致病性研究[J].福建农业学报,2004,19(1):28～31.
4. 陈宗泽等.连作大豆土壤病原菌的分离及其致病性的研究[J].吉林农业科学,1999,24(2):36～39.
5. 陈雅君,刘学敏等.紫花苜蓿根腐病的研究进展[J].中国草地,2000,18(1):51～56.
6. 陈继团.毛竹新病害—幼竹(笋)杆基腐烂发生原因的研究[J].竹子研究汇刊,1982,(2):54～60.
7. 方中达.植病研究法[M](第三版),1998,农业出版社.
8. 葛秀春,宋凤鸣,郑重.稻瘟病菌侵染后水稻幼苗活性氧化的产生与抗病性的关系[J].植物生理学报,2000,26(3):227～231.
9. 胡瑞波,田纪春.小麦多酚氧化酶研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2004,24(1):81～85.
10. 侯天爵.我国苜蓿病害发生现状及防治对策[J].内蒙古草业,1994(3):4～8.
11. 蒋冬花.荸荠枯萎病—浙江省一种荸荠新病害[J].植物病理学报,1988,18(4):197～202.
12. 蒋选利等.过氧化物酶与植物抗病性研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2001,29(6):124～129.
13. 贾延祥,刘传德.小麦根腐镰刀菌鉴定及其生物防治特征[J].植物保护学报,1995,22(3):259～264.
14. 贾 延 祥 , 吴 桂 本 , 刘 传 德 . 我 国 小 麦 根 腐 性 病 害 研 究 现 状 及 防 治 对 策 [J]. 中 国 农 业 科学,1995,28(3):41～48.
15. 李敏权.2002 苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原及种质抗病性研究博士论文[D].甘肃农业大学博士论文.
16. 李敏权,张自和,柴兆祥,李金花,董云霞,张丽萍.定西地区苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病的研究[J].草地学报,2003,11(1):83～86.
17. 李敏权.苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原致病性及品种抗病性研究[J] .中国草地,2003,25:39～43.
18. 李敏权,柴兆祥,李金花,董云霞,张自和.定西地区苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原研究[J].草地学报,2003,11(1):83～86.
19. 李敏权,柴兆祥,李金花,董云霞,张自和.定西地区苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病病原研究[J].中国植物病理学会 2002 年年会论文摘要.
20. 李君彦,张硕成.提前接种非致病镰刀菌防治西瓜枯萎试验[J].生物防治通报,1990,6(4):165～169.
21. 李霞,王云月,朱有勇,姬广海,杨静.香荚兰根腐病主要病原的生防因子作用比较[J].热带农业科技.2003,26(2):1～3.
22. 李亚玲,龙书生等.玉米感染禾谷镰刀菌后 PAL、POD 活性和同工酶谱的变化[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(11):27～31.
23. 梁晨,吕国忠.辽宁省农田作物根围的真菌[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002～06,33(3):185～187.
24. 梁晨.辽宁省农田土壤真菌区系及分类研究[D].2002.沈阳农业大学.
25. 林雁冰,薛泉宏等.旱地不同栽培模式及施氮量对小麦根区土壤微生物区系的影响[J].西北农业学报 2005,14(2):38～43.
26. 林清洪.厚朴苗根腐病研究[J].福建林学院学报,1989,9(4):357～361.
27. 罗新义,李红.苜蓿在节粮畜牧业中的地位与作用[J].黑龙江畜牧科技.1994(1):47～49.
28. 罗虹,刘鹏,徐根娣.铝对土壤微生物区系组成的影响[J].生态环境,2004, 13(1):11～13.
29. 逯明辉等.冷害过程中黄瓜叶片 SOD、CAT 和 POD 活性的变化[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(8):70～
73.
30. 刘剔若等.小麦根腐病中国农业百科全书—植物病理学卷[M].北京:农业出版社,1996.
31. 刘萍.2004 基于 GIS 的成都平原土壤真菌区系及空间变异研究[D].四川农业大学硕士论文.
32. 刘映良,熊应鸿,谢双喜,丁贵杰.11 年生马尾松土壤微生物区系研究[J].山地农业生物学报2005,24(3):199～204.
33. 刘子雄,朱天辉.不同退耕还林模式下土壤微生物区系分析[J].南京林业大学学报 2005.29(4):45～48.
34. 马秉元等.陕西关中地区玉米青枯病病原菌及其致病性研究[J].植物病理学报,1985,9(7)49～52.
35. 南志标.豆科牧草根腐病[J].国外畜牧学—草原与牧草,1991,(2):5～11.
36. 南志标.建立中国的牧草病害可持续管理体系[J].草业科学,2000,9(2):1～9.
37. 王小彬,蔡典雄.液膜覆盖对旱地小麦种植体系土壤微生物区系的影响[J].土壤学报 2005(7):692～695.
38. 王敬文等.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅱ[J].植物生理学报,1982,8(1):34～41.
39. 魏景超.真菌鉴定手册[M].1978,上海科技出版社.
40. 吴光坚.油桐枯萎病研究[J].东北林学院学报,1982,(1):20～30.
41. 吴铁航,李振高.土壤微生物在持续农业中的作用与应用前景[J].土壤学进展,1995,23(4):29～30.
42. 吴营昌等.利用弱致病菌株诱导黄瓜抗枯萎病研究[J].河南农业大学学报. 1991.25( 4 )433～437.
43. 谢卿楣.麻竹枯萎病的研究[J].福建林学院学报,1987,7(4):15～21.
44. 徐诚蛟,徐凤花,夏清梅,国洪艳,张苗.抗生-促生多功能菌剂对稻田土壤微生物区系及氮素转化的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报.1998,17(1):27～30.
45. 杨芳.川西亚高山森林土壤微生物和酶活性分布特征研究[D].2004,西南农业大学.
46. 杨涛,张贵锋,关天舒.黄瓜、甜瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌人工诱变非致病菌系筛选及其生防应用研究[J].辽宁农业科学 2001(4):11～13.
47. 杨家书等.植物苯丙酸类代谢与小麦白粉病抗性的关系[J].植物病理学报,1986,16(3):169～173.
48. 叶鹏盛,李琼芳,江怀仲.利用木霉防治丹参根腐病的研究[J].四川农业大学学报.21(2):142～144.
49. 燕嗣皇,陆德清,杨雨环.木霉防治辣椒枯萎病应用技术研究[J].贵州农业科学 1999,27(5):1～4.
50. 严林,梅洁人.青海省紫花苜蓿病虫种类及害虫天敌的调查[J].植物保护. 1994,11(4):14~18.
51. 郑是琳等.利用非致病性尖镰抱霉诱导蕃茄抗枯萎病研究[J].山东农业大学学报,1992,23(4):411～
413.
52. 张中义,冷怀琼,张志铭等.植物病原真菌学[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社 1988,376～348.
53. 张乃明,董艳.施肥与设施栽培措施对土壤微生物区系的影响[J].生态环境.2004, 13(1):61～62.
54. 张淑珍.大豆疫霉根腐病菌毒素及其诱导抗性机制的研究[D].2002,东北农业大学博士论文.
55. 张琴芳,代光辉,顾振芳等.非致病性镰刀菌菌株 47 对番茄枯萎病的防治效果[J].上海交通大学学报.2004.22(1):17～21.
56. 张志铭,刘信义等.亚麻枯萎病菌鉴定[J].河北农业大学学报,1994,17(2):16～17.
57. 宗兆锋,杨之为等.非致病尖孢镰刀菌抗药菌株的诱导[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(1):43～46.
58. Anderson J P. Domsch K H .Quantification of bacterial and fungal contribution to soil respire action [J] Arch.Microbial,1973:113～127.
59. Balmas V, Corda P, Marcello A,et al. Fusarium nygamai associated with Fusarium foot rot of rice in Sardinia[J].Plant Disease,2000,84:807.
60. Belisario A, Forti E, Corazza L. Collar and root rot of walnut trees,associated with Fusarium solani[J]. Petria,1999,9(3):277～282.
61. Biles,C.L.and Martyn.R.D.1989.local and systermic resistance induced in watermelon by speciales of Fusarium oxysporum[J].Phytopathology 79:856～860.
62. Bissett J ,Parkinson D. The distribution of fungi in some alpine soil[J].Can.J.Bot, 1979, 57 :1609～1629.
63. Buttler F C .Root and foot diseases of wheat[J].Aust Sci Bull,1961,(77):98～104.
64. C.Booth.The genus Fusarium [M]1971,London,CMI.press.
65. Chen Wenshaw,Chiu Chienchih,Liu hoyih,etal.Gene transfer via Pollen tubepathway for anti-Fusarium wilt in watermelon [J].Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International.1998,46(6):1201～1209.
66. Christensen M,. A mew of Fungal Ecology. Mycological, 1989(81):I7～19.
67. Cucuzza J D,Watterson J C. Root rot of tomato caused by Fusarium solani in California[J]. Plant Disease,1992,76(1):101.
68. Gossen B D. Field response of alfalfa to harvest frequency, cultivar crown pathogens, and soil fertility:Ⅱcrown rot [J]. Agronomy Journal, 1994, 86(1):88～93.
69. Hawn E J. Studies on the epidemiology of crown bud rot of alfalfa in Southern Alberta [J]. Can. J. Botany. 1958, 36:239～250.
70. Hammerschmidt R,Lamport D T A,Muldoom.E P. Cell wall hydroxyproline enhancement and lignin deposition as early event in the resistance of cucumber to Cladosporium cucumerinum [J].Physiological Plant Pathology,1984,24(1):43～47.
71. Hammerschmidt R,Kuc J.Lignification as a mechanism for induced systemic resistance in cucumber[J].Physiological Plant Pathology,1982,20:61～71.
72. Harveson R M, Rush C M, Evaluation of Fumigation and rhizomania-tolerant cultivars for control of a root disease complex of sugar beets[J].Plant Disease,1994,78:1197～1202.
73. Kjoller A, Struwe S, 1982.Microfungi in ecosystems:Fungal occurrence and Activity in Litter and Soil. Oikos, 39:391～422.
74. Larkin,R.P.,Hopkins,D.L.,and Martin,M.N.Supression of Fusarium wilt of watermelon by nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporium and other microorganism recovered from a disease suppressive soil[J].Phytopathology,1996,86:812～819.
75. Larkin,R.P.,Fravel,D.R.Efficacy of various fungal ang bacterial biocontrol organisms control of Fusarium wilt of tomato [J].Plant Dis., 1998,82:1022～1028.
76. Lester W Burgess.Laboratory manual for Fusarium research.[M].1994
77. Leath K T, Kendall W A. Fusarium root rot of forage species: Pathogenicity and host range [J]. Phytopathology . 1978. 68:826～831.
78. Martyn,R.D.1985.Differential cross protection of watermelon to fusarium wilt by related formae speciales.(Abstr.).Phytopathology 75:1304
79. Martyn R D, Rush C M, Biles L L,et al.Etiology of a root rot disease of sugar beet in texas [J]. PlantDisease,1989,73:879～884.
80. Mcclure.T.T.1951.Fusarium root rot of sweet potato spouts[J].Phytopathology.41:72～77.
81. Nadolny, L. and L.Sequeira.1980,Physiol.Plant Pathol.16:1～8.
82. Ogawa,K.&Komada,H.1985.Biological of Fusarium wilt of sweet potato with nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum. Phytopathology 19:20～25.
83. Padaganur G M, Kachapur M R, Naik K S,et al. Hibiscus sabdariffa L, a new host to Fusarium solani(Mart) Sace[J]. Plant Pathology Newsletter,1988,6:1～2.
84. Paulitz,J.C.Park,C.S.andBaker.R.1987.Biologicalcontrol of Fusarium willt of cucumber with Nonpathogenic Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum. Can. [J]. microbiology. 33:349～353.
85. Rathnamma K, Khan A N A, Farooqui A A, et al. Root-rot of garden rue(Ruta graveolens L.) caused by Fusarium solani(Mart) Sacc.emend Synder and Hansen-a new record[J].Advances in Plant Science Research in India,1999,9:41～48.
86. Ranzoni F V.Fungul Community :Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem[M]. Marcel Dekker Inc.1981,37～46.
87. Stuteville DL,Erwin DC.Compendium of alfalfa disease (2nd edition) [M].APS. Press,1991.43～44.
88. Turner V, van Alfen N K. Crown rot of alfalfa in Utah [J]. Phytopathology . 1983,73:1333～1337.
89. Uddin W, Knous T R. Fusarium species associated with crown rot of alfalfa in Nevada [J]. Plant Dis. 1991, 75(1):51～55.
90. Yan Wenzhao et al. 1985,Acta Phytopathological Sinica,15(4):193.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |