椰纤维增韧复合材料的设计及其性能评价
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摘要
本研究以椰纤维的纤维优势为研究的着眼点,以椰纤维在复合材料工业中的合理有效利用为主要的研究内容,以复合材料设计理论为指导,进行了不同类型的椰纤维复合材料设计,实现了椰纤维的优势利用。以试验与理论结合的方式对于椰纤维复合材料的各项性能进行检测,采用了电镜分析(SEM),能谱分析和动态力学性能分析(DMA)等现代化的观察与检测手段,并结合传统的力学性能检测试验对材料的性能进行准确分析,实现了椰纤维增韧复合材料的合理设计。
研究内容分为五个部分展开,首先,对椰纤维的纤维优势加以研究,椰纤维内部孔隙结构和低密度特性决定了椰纤维的吸声保温的功能特性；确定了椰纤维内部的微纤丝角度大,椰纤维断裂伸长率高的特征为椰纤维的优势特征,可以利用椰纤维对复合材料进行增韧设计。其次,对于椰纤维密度板的制备工艺进行优化,研究了椰纤维板的吸声性能和保温性能,对于椰纤维与木材碎料混杂板的力学性能与声学性能进行了合理的设计与研究。对椰纤维夹层代木材料进行设计,以不同的胶粘剂类型和不同的玻璃纤维增强体形式的加入作为影响因素,实现了椰纤维夹芯代木复合材料的设计,保证了材料的较高冲击韧性和综合力学性能。对不同椰纤维增强体形态增强不饱和聚酯材料的性能进行了评价研究,比较了椰纤维毡,椰纤维网与椰纤维绳三种增强体形态对于材料力学性能指标的影响规律,并获得了对于不饱和聚酯基体的增韧设计。基于复合材料的混合定律,对椰纤维不同增强体形态复合材料的力学模型进行构建与评价。
主要的创新性成果如下
(1)对于椰纤维的微纤丝角度进行合理的确定,明确了椰纤维的力学性能指标,明确了由于椰纤维的微纤丝结构而产生的对于椰纤维的断裂特性的影响。从而确定了椰纤维高的断裂韧性的利用为椰纤维复合材料设计的关键。
(2)对于椰纤维低密度板的工艺进行优化设计并验证了椰纤维材料的吸声和保温优势,提出了变密度梯度椰纤维吸声板结构的设计,为椰纤维在建筑材料领域的合理利用奠定了一定基础。
(3)在椰纤维代木材料设计部分,通过对于夹芯结构的增强设计,在椰纤维夹芯层中,加入玻璃纤维增强体和使用异氰酸酯胶黏剂,实现了“木材单板面板+椰纤维毡芯层+玻璃纤维网格布+木材单板面板”复合材料的整体性能的优化设计。这种复合材料在力学性能上,尤其是冲击性能上超过了天然生长的大青杨木材,设计出一种新型代木材料。
(4)进行了椰纤维不饱和聚酯材料设计,利用椰纤维毡,椰纤维网与椰纤维绳三种不同的椰纤维增强体形态。内部结构与纤维定向性的差异,决定了不同增强体形态的椰纤维不饱和聚酯材料性能的差异,对于三种增强体形态的复合材料的力学性能进行了比较研究,证实了椰纤维绳不饱和聚酯复合材料的冲击韧性特征最优。
(5)通过对于椰纤维不同增强体结构的分析并结合复合材料的力学性能特征,在复合材料混合定律的基础上建立了椰纤维绳增强形式的拉伸模量的分段预测,实现了椰纤维绳不饱和聚酯材料的拉伸性能预测模型的建立,并对椰纤维不同增强体形态增韧不饱和聚酯材料的增韧机理进行了理论模型的构建,完善了天然纤维复合材料的性能预测体系。
通过本文的研究,椰纤维复合材料的增韧优势利用得以完善,设计出的椰纤维变密度板吸声结构,椰纤维夹芯代木材料和椰纤维不饱和聚酯增韧材料都具有很好的实际应用价值。为椰纤维资源的合理利用提供了多种选择方案。另外,通过椰纤维增强不饱和聚酯的力学性能预测模型的建立,为完善天然纤维复合材料的力学性能评价体系提供了有效的方法。
Making advantages of coir as the key point, making the reasonable effective use of coir in composite industry as the main research contents, also making design theory of composites as the guide, different types of coir composites have been designed and the usage of coir advantages has been realized. Various performance testings of coir composites have been done by the combination of experiment and theory, electron microscope analysis (SEM), energy spectrum analysis and dynamic mechanics performance analysis (DMA) and other modern observation and testing means have been adopted, accurate analysis of material properties have been obtained, and the design of coir toughened composites has been realized.
The research contents are divided into five parts, first of all, the advantage of coir fibre has been studied, the characteristics of internal pore structure and low density decide the function characteristics of sound absorption and heat preservation; the bigger microfibril angle and the higher breaking elongation are the advantage characteristics of coir, so coir fibre toughening design has been focused on in the material design. The production process of coir density board has been optimized, and the sound absorption and insulation performance has been researched. Wood replacement materials with coir sandwich structure have been designed, making different types of adhesive and different glass fiber reinforced forms as reasearch factors, realize the design of the sandwich wood replacement materials, coir sandwich structure material with high impact toughness and comprehensive mechanical properties have been obtained. Performance evaluation and research of coir reinforced unsaturated polyester with different reinforced forms have been done, the influence law on the mechanical performance index of coir mat, coir net and coir rope has been compared, the toughening design of this three reinforced forms of unsaturated polyester matrix have been realized; Based on the mixture law of composites, the mechanical model establishment and evaluation of coir rope reinforced composite have been realized.
The main innovation results are as follows:
(1) The microfibril angle of coir has been reasonable determined, the mechanical performance indexes have been clarified, fracture characteristics influence of coir microfibril structure has also been clarified. So as to the advantages of high fiber fracture toughness have been determined as the starting point.
(2) The process optimization design of coir fibre low density board has been done, and sound absorption and heat insulation advantages have been verified, structure design of variable density gradient coir sound absorption board has been put forward, the rational utilization foundation of coir composites in building materials has been laid.
(3) In the wood replacement materials design part, through a further reinforced design of sandwich structure, namely to joining glass fiber reinforced body and using isocyanate as adhesive, the overall performance optimization design of "wood veneer panel+the core layer of coir mats+glass fiber mesh cloth+wood veneer panel" composite has been realized. The mechanical properties, especially the impact toughness of this kind of composite can excess natural cathay poplar, reasonable design of a wood replacement material can be realized.
(4) The material design of coir reinforced unsaturated polyester have been done, three different coir reinforced body forms:coir mat, coir net and coir rope, because internal structure and the difference fiber direction, performance differences of different forms of coir reinforced unsaturated polyester material have been determined, the comparative study of mechanical properties of three reinforced forms composites has been done, the best impact toughness obtained from coir rope reinforced body has been confirmed.
(5) Through the structure analysis and the mechanical properties of coir rope reinforced composite, the tensile modulus prediction of coir rope reinforced composite based on the composite mixed law has been established, the toughening mechanism theoretical models of different body forms of coir fiber toughened unsaturated polyester has been bulit, the tensile properties model has been established and the natural fiber composite performance prediction system has been perfected.
Through the research in this paper, the toughening advantages usage of coir has been improved, the variable density board absorption structure, wood replacement materials of coir sandwich and the coir toughened unsaturated polyester materials all have good application value. A variety of options can be offered for the coir resources reasonably usage. In addition, through the establishment of the mechanics performance prediction model of coir fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, an effective method for the mechanical properties of composite evaluation system has been provided.
研究内容分为五个部分展开,首先,对椰纤维的纤维优势加以研究,椰纤维内部孔隙结构和低密度特性决定了椰纤维的吸声保温的功能特性；确定了椰纤维内部的微纤丝角度大,椰纤维断裂伸长率高的特征为椰纤维的优势特征,可以利用椰纤维对复合材料进行增韧设计。其次,对于椰纤维密度板的制备工艺进行优化,研究了椰纤维板的吸声性能和保温性能,对于椰纤维与木材碎料混杂板的力学性能与声学性能进行了合理的设计与研究。对椰纤维夹层代木材料进行设计,以不同的胶粘剂类型和不同的玻璃纤维增强体形式的加入作为影响因素,实现了椰纤维夹芯代木复合材料的设计,保证了材料的较高冲击韧性和综合力学性能。对不同椰纤维增强体形态增强不饱和聚酯材料的性能进行了评价研究,比较了椰纤维毡,椰纤维网与椰纤维绳三种增强体形态对于材料力学性能指标的影响规律,并获得了对于不饱和聚酯基体的增韧设计。基于复合材料的混合定律,对椰纤维不同增强体形态复合材料的力学模型进行构建与评价。
主要的创新性成果如下
(1)对于椰纤维的微纤丝角度进行合理的确定,明确了椰纤维的力学性能指标,明确了由于椰纤维的微纤丝结构而产生的对于椰纤维的断裂特性的影响。从而确定了椰纤维高的断裂韧性的利用为椰纤维复合材料设计的关键。
(2)对于椰纤维低密度板的工艺进行优化设计并验证了椰纤维材料的吸声和保温优势,提出了变密度梯度椰纤维吸声板结构的设计,为椰纤维在建筑材料领域的合理利用奠定了一定基础。
(3)在椰纤维代木材料设计部分,通过对于夹芯结构的增强设计,在椰纤维夹芯层中,加入玻璃纤维增强体和使用异氰酸酯胶黏剂,实现了“木材单板面板+椰纤维毡芯层+玻璃纤维网格布+木材单板面板”复合材料的整体性能的优化设计。这种复合材料在力学性能上,尤其是冲击性能上超过了天然生长的大青杨木材,设计出一种新型代木材料。
(4)进行了椰纤维不饱和聚酯材料设计,利用椰纤维毡,椰纤维网与椰纤维绳三种不同的椰纤维增强体形态。内部结构与纤维定向性的差异,决定了不同增强体形态的椰纤维不饱和聚酯材料性能的差异,对于三种增强体形态的复合材料的力学性能进行了比较研究,证实了椰纤维绳不饱和聚酯复合材料的冲击韧性特征最优。
(5)通过对于椰纤维不同增强体结构的分析并结合复合材料的力学性能特征,在复合材料混合定律的基础上建立了椰纤维绳增强形式的拉伸模量的分段预测,实现了椰纤维绳不饱和聚酯材料的拉伸性能预测模型的建立,并对椰纤维不同增强体形态增韧不饱和聚酯材料的增韧机理进行了理论模型的构建,完善了天然纤维复合材料的性能预测体系。
通过本文的研究,椰纤维复合材料的增韧优势利用得以完善,设计出的椰纤维变密度板吸声结构,椰纤维夹芯代木材料和椰纤维不饱和聚酯增韧材料都具有很好的实际应用价值。为椰纤维资源的合理利用提供了多种选择方案。另外,通过椰纤维增强不饱和聚酯的力学性能预测模型的建立,为完善天然纤维复合材料的力学性能评价体系提供了有效的方法。
Making advantages of coir as the key point, making the reasonable effective use of coir in composite industry as the main research contents, also making design theory of composites as the guide, different types of coir composites have been designed and the usage of coir advantages has been realized. Various performance testings of coir composites have been done by the combination of experiment and theory, electron microscope analysis (SEM), energy spectrum analysis and dynamic mechanics performance analysis (DMA) and other modern observation and testing means have been adopted, accurate analysis of material properties have been obtained, and the design of coir toughened composites has been realized.
The research contents are divided into five parts, first of all, the advantage of coir fibre has been studied, the characteristics of internal pore structure and low density decide the function characteristics of sound absorption and heat preservation; the bigger microfibril angle and the higher breaking elongation are the advantage characteristics of coir, so coir fibre toughening design has been focused on in the material design. The production process of coir density board has been optimized, and the sound absorption and insulation performance has been researched. Wood replacement materials with coir sandwich structure have been designed, making different types of adhesive and different glass fiber reinforced forms as reasearch factors, realize the design of the sandwich wood replacement materials, coir sandwich structure material with high impact toughness and comprehensive mechanical properties have been obtained. Performance evaluation and research of coir reinforced unsaturated polyester with different reinforced forms have been done, the influence law on the mechanical performance index of coir mat, coir net and coir rope has been compared, the toughening design of this three reinforced forms of unsaturated polyester matrix have been realized; Based on the mixture law of composites, the mechanical model establishment and evaluation of coir rope reinforced composite have been realized.
The main innovation results are as follows:
(1) The microfibril angle of coir has been reasonable determined, the mechanical performance indexes have been clarified, fracture characteristics influence of coir microfibril structure has also been clarified. So as to the advantages of high fiber fracture toughness have been determined as the starting point.
(2) The process optimization design of coir fibre low density board has been done, and sound absorption and heat insulation advantages have been verified, structure design of variable density gradient coir sound absorption board has been put forward, the rational utilization foundation of coir composites in building materials has been laid.
(3) In the wood replacement materials design part, through a further reinforced design of sandwich structure, namely to joining glass fiber reinforced body and using isocyanate as adhesive, the overall performance optimization design of "wood veneer panel+the core layer of coir mats+glass fiber mesh cloth+wood veneer panel" composite has been realized. The mechanical properties, especially the impact toughness of this kind of composite can excess natural cathay poplar, reasonable design of a wood replacement material can be realized.
(4) The material design of coir reinforced unsaturated polyester have been done, three different coir reinforced body forms:coir mat, coir net and coir rope, because internal structure and the difference fiber direction, performance differences of different forms of coir reinforced unsaturated polyester material have been determined, the comparative study of mechanical properties of three reinforced forms composites has been done, the best impact toughness obtained from coir rope reinforced body has been confirmed.
(5) Through the structure analysis and the mechanical properties of coir rope reinforced composite, the tensile modulus prediction of coir rope reinforced composite based on the composite mixed law has been established, the toughening mechanism theoretical models of different body forms of coir fiber toughened unsaturated polyester has been bulit, the tensile properties model has been established and the natural fiber composite performance prediction system has been perfected.
Through the research in this paper, the toughening advantages usage of coir has been improved, the variable density board absorption structure, wood replacement materials of coir sandwich and the coir toughened unsaturated polyester materials all have good application value. A variety of options can be offered for the coir resources reasonably usage. In addition, through the establishment of the mechanics performance prediction model of coir fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, an effective method for the mechanical properties of composite evaluation system has been provided.
引文
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